﻿FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Duan, YN
   Di, BF
   Ustin, SL
   Xu, C
   Xie, Q
   Wu, SL
   Li, JR
   Zhang, RX
AF Duan, Yanan
   Di, Baofeng
   Ustin, Susan L.
   Xu, Chong
   Xie, Qiang
   Wu, Shaolin
   Li, Jierui
   Zhang, Ruixing
TI Changes in ecosystem services in a montane landscape impacted by major
   earthquakes: A case study in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, China
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Ecosystem services; Driving forces; Climate; Earthquake; Human
   activities
ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROJECTS; VEGETATION RECOVERY; DEGRADATION;
   SICHUAN
AB Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters, threatening ecological balance and security. Ecosystem services (ESs) reflect the multiple functions of an ecosystem. However, based on catastrophic disasters, the contributions of various factors to ESs recovery have not been previously quantified. We follow recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to gain insight into these processes. To quantify ESs, biophysical models were applied, including scenario simulation and Geodetector methods that were used to explore the driving forces. We concluded as follows: in overall study area, ESs showed an insignificant but undulating increase from 2001 to 2017, indicating the earthquake had slight but long-term effects. In the vegetated areas denuded by co-seismic landslides, the loss in ESs was twice that in non-denuded areas, and the damaged ESs did not recover to preearthquake levels by 2017. Overall, climate change was the main driving force, and the factors directly related to local climate had a more obvious impact on ESs especially elevation and geomorphic types. More than three quarters of study area showed ESs increases, with climate (accounting for 40.26%) and its multiple interactions with non-climate factors (accounting for 45.91%) contributed the most to ESs restoration, respectively at low elevations and in the subalpine mountains. Nearly a quarter of the study area was still degraded, of which the proportion of the area representing non-climate-driven factors had increased (accounting for 20.68%). The intensity of ESs degradation mainly concentrated in XI and X regions where co-seismic landslides were dense, which was one of the most influential non-climate factors. We therefore recommend that in the post-disaster reconstruction stage, more attention should be paid to restoration and maintenance of ecological service functions in areas with frequent secondary disasters, so as to maximize the benefits of post-disaster reconstruction projects and seek socio-economic and ecological environment collaborative development.
C1 [Duan, Yanan; Di, Baofeng; Wu, Shaolin; Zhang, Ruixing] Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng; Li, Jierui] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610207, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Minist Emergency Management China, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Qiang] Sichuan Acad Environm Sci, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Hong Kong Polytechnic
   University; University of California System; University of California
   Davis
RP Di, BF (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610207, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM dibaofeng@scu.edu.cn; slustin@ucdavis.edu
TC 26
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 126
AR 107683
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107683
EA APR 2021
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000647802000003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, ZY
   Zhang, Q
   Chen, SJ
   Wang, L
   Zhou, XB
AF Chen, Zuyu
   Zhang, Qiang
   Chen, Shujing
   Wang, Lin
   Zhou, Xingbo
TI Evaluation of barrier lake breach floods: Insights from recent case
   studies in China
SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER
DT Review
DE barrier lake; dam break flood; dam break model; landslide dam; peak
   discharge
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; EROSION;
   SIMULATION; RIVER; RISK; SICHUAN
AB Historically, China has experienced frequent barrier lake breach hazards, and several cases have been monitored during their occurrences using complete breach flood hydrographs. These have enabled the analysis of dam breaches to be improved by merging hydraulics and soil mechanics expertise. Some novel improvements to analytical methods have also been published. This study presents the authors' proposed hyperbolic soil erosion and lateral enlargement models, together with a numerical algorithm that enables easy calculation of the breach flood hydrograph. In general, the peak flows calculated using this improved method agree with field measurements and are less sensitive to input parameters. The research outcomes are presented on an Excel spreadsheet (DB-IWHR, online download available), and these are self-explanatory with minimal tutorials. This software will be of particular use in an emergency situation, when it is necessary to quickly evaluate the breach flood. This study reviews four large-scale barrier lake breaches; the Yigong breach which documented a peak flow close to 100,000 m(3)/s and the recent Baige breaches featuring burst recurrences over a month-long period. This article is categorized under: Science of Water> Water Extremes Engineering Water > Planning Water
C1 [Chen, Zuyu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zuyu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Qiang; Wang, Lin] Xian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Ecohydraul Northwest Arid Reg, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shujing] Natl Acad Mayors China, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xingbo] China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; China
   Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Xi'an University of
   Technology
RP Chen, ZY (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.; Chen, ZY (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM chenzuyu@cashq.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 26
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2049-1948
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 7
IS 2
AR e1408
DI 10.1002/wat2.1408
EA DEC 2019
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000501987700001
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Zhou, Y
   Zhou, C
   Hales, TC
AF Chang, Ming
   Zhou, Yu
   Zhou, Chao
   Hales, Tristram C.
TI Coseismic landslides induced by the 2018 Mw6.6 Iburi, Japan,
   Earthquake: spatial distribution, key factors weight, and susceptibility
   regionalization
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Spatial distribution; Key factors weight;
   Susceptibility regionalization
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; LUSHAN
   EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD; CHINA; AREA; SICHUAN; GIS; HOKKAIDO
AB This research aims to explore detailed spatial distribution characteristics, identify key factors weight, and establish an accurate susceptibility regionalization model of coseismic landslides by the Mw 6.6 Iburi, Japan, earthquake sequence of 6 September 2018. Based on the remote sensing interpretation database, 5,977 individual coseismic landslides were delineated, which occupies an area of about 15.26 km(2). The relationship between eight key factors and spatial distribution of coseismic landslides were precisely analyzed by the landslide area density (LAD) and landslide point density (LPD) curves. In order to obtain the weight of eight key factors more accurately, this paper compares the similarities and differences of the two curves in the earthquakes with similar magnitude, which was included the Lushan and Jiuzhaigou earthquake in China. According to the weight of eight key factors, the improved weight of evidence method was used to produce the susceptibility regionalization map of coseismic landslides in the Iburi earthquake. The results show that the improved weight of evidence method has better precision and can provide a scientific coseismic landslides susceptibility regionalization map for disaster prevention and mitigation in the Iburi earthquake.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Zhou, Yu; Zhou, Chao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, Wales.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Cardiff University
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 32
Z9 36
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 2
BP 755
EP 772
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01522-3
EA SEP 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000568005800001
ER

PT J
AU Siyahghalati, S
   Saraf, AK
   Pradhan, B
   Jebur, MN
   Tehrany, MS
AF Siyahghalati, Sajad
   Saraf, Arun Kumar
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Jebur, Mustafa Neamah
   Tehrany, Mahyat Shafapour
TI Rule-based semi-automated approach for the detection of landslides
   induced by 18 September 2011 Sikkim, Himalaya, earthquake using IRS
   LISS3 satellite images
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; WEIGHTS-OF-EVIDENCE; DECISION TREE; TIME-SERIES;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ENSEMBLE BIVARIATE; HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; LAND-COVER; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB Landslide is considered as one of the most devastating and most costly natural hazards in highlands, which is triggered mainly by rainfalls or earthquakes. In comparison with other methods, landslide mapping and monitoring via remote sensing data products are considered as the least expensive method of data collection. The current research attempts to detect landslides which occurred due to a 6.9 magnitude earthquake in Sikkim Himalaya, India, on 18 September 2011 and also to establish the spatial relationship between landslides and the slope of the terrain. To detect the landslides, decision tree method was applied on two Indian remote sensing satellites linear imaging self-scanning sensor (LISS III) images acquired from 2007 and 2011 which were taken before and after the earthquake. As the study area was relatively huge for identifying the landslides, the region was separated into two parts: tested study area and real study area. The overall accuracy of landslide detection was 76%, and 75% for tested and real study area, respectively. Then, the spatial relationship between the landslides and the slope of the terrain was conducted using the digital elevation model. The results revealed that most of the landslides occurred between the slope of 25 degrees and 45 degrees covering 2.3km(2) and no landslide recorded in the slope of 65 degrees-90 degrees in the real study area. The results obtained in this study may be useful for decision-making and policy support towards reconstruction effort after the landslide occurrence. In addition, the information can be useful for reducing the risk of potential damages to substructures and properties by developing new and efficient strategies.
C1 [Siyahghalati, Sajad; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Jebur, Mustafa Neamah; Tehrany, Mahyat Shafapour] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Geospatial Informat Sci Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
   [Saraf, Arun Kumar] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
C3 Universiti Putra Malaysia; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT
   System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Roorkee
RP Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Geospatial Informat Sci Res Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
EM biswajeet@upm.edu.my
TC 21
Z9 21
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 2
PY 2016
VL 7
IS 1
BP 326
EP 344
DI 10.1080/19475705.2014.898702
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000367536300020
ER

PT J
AU Wang, C
   Guo, MZ
   Chen, XL
   Gu, KS
   Gong, YF
   Qi, YP
   Yuan, DD
   Zhu, C
   Chen, BB
AF Wang, Chen
   Guo, Mingzhu
   Chen, Xueliang
   Gu, Kunsheng
   Gong, Yifei
   Qi, Yunpeng
   Yuan, Dongdong
   Zhu, Chun
   Chen, Bingbing
TI Damage evolution of the bedding rock landslide and debris landslide
   under earthquakes in the Three-rivers Basin
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Seismic damage evolution; Bedding rock landslide; Debris landslide;
   Slip-buckling failure; Marginal Spectrum; Energy transfer mechanism
   through; accumulation layer
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM; SEISMIC RESPONSE;
   SLOPE; IDENTIFICATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MECHANISM; FAILURE; TARZANA; MODELS
AB The geological structure of the Three-rivers Basin is complex, with active tectonic movements and frequent earthquakes, resulting in fragile geological circumstances, frequent geo-hazard incidents, and the emergence of significant hazard cascades. Multiple earthquakes lead to frequent landslide disasters. Bedding rock and debris landslides are common disasters that threaten the Three-rivers Basin's infrastructure construction. In this study, we took the "Xiaguiwa" landslide as an example and established shaking table models of bedding rock and debris slopes. The Arias intensity, improved marginal spectrum multi-peak slope damage identification based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and Standard spectral ratio (SSR) were used to analyze the seismic damage evolution of the model slope and the influence of the accumulation layer on seismic energy transfer. The results show that seismic tension leads to damage in the top accumulation layer of the debris slope. The damage to the bedding rock slope first appeared at 1/4 elevation of the slope surface due to buckling. Then, shear deformation occurs at the trailing edge and expands downward along the structural plane. This process co-occurs with the depression at 1/2 elevation of the slope. The accumulation layer has different effects on the seismic energy of different elevations, and its influence on the seismic energy of low frequency (<10 Hz) and high frequency (>40 Hz) is more significant. The damage evolution of bedding rock slopes can be segmented into four stages: (1) slight subsidence of rock layers stage, (2) rock bending and trailing edge cracking stage, (3) slope waist depression and uplift surface fracture stage, and (4) shear-fracturing and the low-position shear out stage; That of debris slopes can be segmented into three stages: (1) accumulation layer peeling stage, (2) accumulation layer cracking stage and (3) overall collapse stage.
C1 [Wang, Chen; Chen, Xueliang; Yuan, Dongdong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Chen; Guo, Mingzhu; Gu, Kunsheng; Gong, Yifei; Qi, Yunpeng] Beijing Univ Technol, Dept Urban Construct, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Chun] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Bingbing] Swansea Univ, Zienkiewicz Inst Modelling Data & AI, Fac Sci & Engn, Swansea SA1 8EN, England.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geophysics, CEA; Beijing
   University of Technology; Hohai University; Swansea University
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM chenxl@cea-igp.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 339
AR 107631
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107631
EA JUL 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001274851300001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Xu, Q
   Alonso-Rodriguez, A
   Subramanian, SS
   Li, WL
   Zheng, G
   Dong, XJ
   Huang, RQ
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Xu, Qiang
   Alonso-Rodriguez, Andres
   Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva
   Li, Weile
   Zheng, Guang
   Dong, Xiujun
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Successive landsliding and damming of the Jinsha River in eastern Tibet,
   China: prime investigation, early warning, and emergency response
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Successive landslides; Landslide dam; Potential geohazards; Long term
   deformation; Monitoring and early warning; Emergency response
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIME-SERIES; SICHUAN; MAGNITUDE; REGION
AB Two successive landslides within a month started in October 11, 2018, and dammed twice the Jinsha River at the border between Sichuan Province and Tibet in China. Both events had potential to cause catastrophic flooding that would have disrupted lives of millions and induced significant economic losses. Fortunately, prompt action by local authorities supported by the deployment of a real-time landslide early warning system allowed for quick and safe construction of a spillway to drain the dammed lake. It averted the worst scenario without loss of life and property at least one order of magnitude less to what would have been observed without quick intervention. Particularly, the early warning system was able to predict the second large-scale slope failure 24h in advance, along with minor rock falls during the spillway construction, avoiding false alerts. This paper presents the main characteristics of both slope collapses and damming processes, and introduces the successful landslide early warning system. Furthermore, we found that the slope endured cumulative creeping displacements of >40m in the past decade before the first event. Twenty-five meter displacement occurred in the year immediately before. The deformation was measured by the visual interpretation of multitemporal satellite images, which agrees with the interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurement. If these had been done before the emergency, economic losses could have been reduced further. Therefore, our findings strengthen the case for the deployment of systematic monitoring of potential landslide sites by integrating earth observation methods (i.e., multitemporal satellite or UAV images) and in situ monitoring system as a way to reduce risk. It is expected that this success story can be replicated worldwide, contributing to make our society more resilient to landslide events.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Alonso-Rodriguez, Andres; Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva; Li, Weile; Zheng, Guang; Dong, Xiujun; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xq-68@qq.com
TC 198
Z9 248
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 5
BP 1003
EP 1020
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01159-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000466495400010
ER

PT J
AU Huang, DW
   You, Y
   Sun, H
   Liu, DC
   Yang, HQ
   Zhang, WT
AF Huang, Diwen
   You, Yong
   Sun, Hao
   Liu, Daochuan
   Yang, Huaquan
   Zhang, Wentao
TI Experimental study on the self-cleaning behavior of slit dams for debris
   flow hazard mitigation
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Slit dam; Self-cleaning; Relative opening; Critical
   criteria
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHECK-DAM; SEDIMENT; BLOCKING; DESIGN
AB Self-cleaning is a crucial feature of slit dams, which not only enhances upstream and downstream hydraulic connections but also automatically restores a dam's debris flow storage capacity. In this work, a series of specially designed flume tests are performed to simulate the self-cleaning process. The flow rate, relative opening, bed-slope angle, and number of openings are considered. The erosion process, topographic characteristics, and relative erosion depth are analyzed to gain insight into the self-cleaning details. The current results reveal that when the boulders jamming the openings are removed, erosion occurs in three stages (downcutting, headward erosion, and lateral erosion). Conversely, when the blockage remains stable, only surface armoring occurs. Furthermore, after the self-cleaning process reaches a quasiequilibrium state, the topographic features are summarized, and the differences in the maximum erosion depth at the opening are analyzed for different experimental conditions. This paper proposes a critical criterion (F) for the self-cleaning of slit dams on the basis of dimensional analysis. The critical criterion takes into account the interactions of three parameters (Froude number, relative opening, and opening rate) and can be conveniently applied to existing slit dams. When F is less than 0.25, the opening remains blocked, and only surface armoring occurs; when F is between 0.25 and 0.38, the blockage may be removed; and when F is greater than 0.38, self-cleaning leads to massive erosion, and the blockage is removed. Therefore, the proposed critical criterion can help design the opening dimensions of a slit dam, restoring its storage capacity. Finally, the positive effect of self-cleaning on restoring the storage capacity of slit dams is discussed. (c) 2025 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
C1 [Huang, Diwen; You, Yong; Sun, Hao; Yang, Huaquan; Zhang, Wentao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Diwen; You, Yong; Sun, Hao; Yang, Huaquan; Zhang, Wentao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Diwen; Yang, Huaquan; Zhang, Wentao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Daochuan] Sichuan Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Sun, H (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM sunhao@imde.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 4
PU KEAI PUBLISHING LTD
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, Building 5, Room 411, BEIJING, DONGCHENG
   DISTRICT 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-6279
EI 2589-7284
PD JUN
PY 2025
VL 40
IS 3
BP 454
EP 465
DI 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.009
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001515084000001
ER

PT J
AU Xiang, GP
   Jiang, T
   Yang, QW
   Cui, SH
   Zhu, L
   He, YH
   Li, HJ
   Scarpa, R
AF Xiang, Guoping
   Jiang, Tao
   Yang, Qingwen
   Cui, Shenghua
   Zhu, Ling
   He, Yuhang
   Li, Huajin
   Scarpa, Roberto
TI The Influence of Vertical Seismic Acceleration on the Triggering of
   Landslides Constrained by Bedding Faults under an Inertial Frame
   Reference: The Case of the Daguangbao (DGB) Landslide
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE DGB landslide; Newmark method; vertical acceleration; horizontal inertia
   force
ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKE; COMPONENT; MOTION
AB The Daguangbao (DGB) landslide was the largest landslide that was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Ms8.0. The sliding surface of this landslide was constrained on a bedding fault 400 m below the ground surface. Seismic records show that the landslide suffered not only from strong horizontal but also vertical ground shaking that was almost equal to the horizontal component. In this study, to reveal the landslide triggering mechanism of the DGB landslide, this study ignores the steep dipping tension fracture section and the leading edge-locking section of the trailing edge of the DGB landslide, and the geological model of the large optical package landslide is generalized into a block model with the bottom controlled slip soft zone as the interface. Based on the improved Newmark method that considers vertical ground motion, the three-way seismic acceleration data and the shear strength parameter of the sliding surface being taken as a variable are used to calculate the cumulative permanent displacement of the slider. Then, by considering the cumulative permanent displacement ratio of vertical seismic acceleration or not and the cumulative permanent displacement ratio value considering the inertial force as the index, the response characteristics of the cumulative permanent displacement of the block-to-vertical ground motion and inertial forces were analyzed. The results show that both the horizontal inertial force and the vertical acceleration significantly increased the permanent displacement. The permanent displacement is 4.9 cm when considering the vertical acceleration, whereas it is only 2.0 cm without taking this into account. The contribution of vertical acceleration is significantly enlarged (87.8-90.7%) by the decreasing of the internal friction angle of the slide surface, while it is less influenced (5-27.4%) by the cohesion. Compared with the lower shear strength parameter of the sliding surface, the contributions of vertical acceleration and inertial force to the permanent displacement are more obvious when the shear strength parameter of the sliding surface is higher. When phi > 18 degrees, the D/D* is greater than 1, and the maximum D/D* reaches 7. The fast accumulation event of permanent displacement is triggered in the concentration stage of the seismic energy release. In the DGB landslide area, 50% of the energy is released within 30-50 s, as indicated by the acceleration peaks recorded at the nearest seismic station, Qingping station. It is assumed that the DGB landslide may be triggered at 30-50 s due to half of the seismic energy being released during that time span.
C1 [Xiang, Guoping; Jiang, Tao; Yang, Qingwen; Cui, Shenghua; He, Yuhang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Ling] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Huajin] Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610106, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Central South University; Chengdu
   University
RP Jiang, T; Yang, QW (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM xiangguoping1989@163.com; jiang_tao@stu.cdut.edu.cn;
   yangqingwen20@cdut.edu.cn; zhuling.cdut@gmail.com; heyuhang1995@163.com;
   lihuajin@cdu.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 23
AR 12911
DI 10.3390/app132312911
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:001117603000001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, YL
   Liu, WM
   Yanites, BJ
   Zhou, LQ
   Li, XM
   Yang, ZW
AF Zhou, Yanlian
   Liu, Weiming
   Yanites, Brian J.
   Zhou, Liqin
   Li, Xuemei
   Yang, Zewen
TI Transient geomorphic response after landslide-induced river damming in
   the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Tributary; Min and Dadu Rivers; Channel steepness; Hillslope morphology
   metrics
ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DAMMED LAKE; SOUTHERN
   ALPS; MIN RIVER; DAMS; EROSION; CHANNEL; FAILURE; REGION
AB It is widely acknowledged that landslide-induced river damming plays a vital role in influencing landscape evolution as it drives river transience. However, how this transient state is transmitted and evolves is still being determined. Here, we focus on the Min and Dadu Rivers in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, an area abundant with paleolandslide dams, these dams have been used to quantify the transient geomorphic response after damming. We first identified 226 paleolandslide dams through remote sensing and field verification, and calculated the parameters of each paleolandslide dam. Second, we investigated the river longitudinal profile channel steepness index (ksn) and knickpoints along the trunk of both rivers. Third, we extracted all sub-basins smaller than 1000 km2 from both rivers and calculated each sub-basins channel steepness index and hillslope morphology metrics (local relief and slope). The results show that: (1) The landslide dam aligns spatially with the elevated sections of the river's longitudinal profile and areas exhibiting high ksn values, and coincides with specific river knickpoints. (2) Approximately 61 % of the trunk dams show higher ksn values, local relief, and slope values in the surrounding sub-basins, accompanied by peak values. Places with these patterns in our study area sometimes had as many as six landslide-induced river damming events. (3) The 4 typical dams showed a trend of decreasing ksn and hillslope morphology in tributaries upstream and downstream of the dam, and the metric values of the sub-basin are negatively correlated with the distance from the trunk dam. Our findings highlight that the trunk landslide-induced river damming event leads to disturbances in the channel-hillslope system of the adjacent tributaries. Such an approach will provide the potential to examine the transmission of geomorphic responses to landslide-induced river damming and help us better understand the geomorphological evolution after river damming.
C1 [Zhou, Yanlian; Liu, Weiming; Zhou, Liqin; Yang, Zewen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Weiming] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Zhou, Yanlian; Liu, Weiming; Zhou, Liqin; Yang, Zewen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Yanites, Brian J.] Indiana Univ, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Bloomington, IN USA.
   [Li, Xuemei] Neijiang Normal Univ, Tuojiang River Basin High Qual Dev Res Ctr, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Indiana University System; Indiana University
   Bloomington; Neijiang Normal University
RP Liu, WM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM zhouylyzk@163.com; Liuwm@imde.ac.cn; byanites@indiana.edu;
   zhoulq_01@163.com; lixuemeibj@126.com; yangzewen21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 246
AR 108382
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108382
EA SEP 2024
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001317919300001
ER

PT J
AU Chaoxu, X
   Wenhua, Q
   Huayue, L
   Gaozhong, N
AF Chaoxu, Xia
   Wenhua, Qi
   Huayue, Li
   Gaozhong, Nie
TI Lethality level casualty assessment method for earthquake landslide
   hazards based on the expansion effect of the mortality rate
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
DE Secondary landslides; Mortality rate; Multiple relationships; Expanding
   effect; Lethality matrix
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; GIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCALE; PREDICTION;
   INTENSITY; INVENTORY; DATABASE; EVENTS
AB Rapid assessment of earthquake disaster losses is crucial for effective emergency rescue operations, with post-earthquake geological hazards constituting a significant component. In this study, we conducted extensive field investigations of historical earthquakes in China, collecting mortality data categorized by cause of death. Through analysis of historical earthquake records, we determined the proportions of fatalities attributed to different causes, integrating seismic intensity data, population distribution information, to establish intensity-dependent mortality rates for earthquake-triggered landslides. We systematically compiled the spatial distribution patterns, occurrence frequency, and density characteristics of landslides induced by historical earthquakes through field surveys and literature analysis. By comparing these results with historical intensity-mortality relationships, we quantified the amplifying effect of secondary geological hazards on mortality rates. The results demonstrate that landslide hazards exhibit significant mortality amplification at intensities of VIII and above, with this amplification effect intensifying progressively with higher seismic intensities. Using these findings, we developed a lethality matrix for earthquake-triggered landslides by incorporating intensity-mortality relationships. Validation using historical earthquake cases shows that the calculated casualties error within +/- 30% of actual recorded values across different regions and magnitudes. This study achieves two objectives (1) verifies the validity and regional applicability of the proposed matrix methodology for landslide casualty assessment, and (2) provides a scientific foundation for developing regionalized assessment matrices, thereby enhancing post-earthquake emergency response capabilities.
C1 [Chaoxu, Xia; Wenhua, Qi; Huayue, Li; Gaozhong, Nie] Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Yard 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Chaoxu, Xia; Wenhua, Qi; Huayue, Li; Gaozhong, Nie] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Yard 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Huayue, Li] China Earthquake Adm, 5 Nanheng St, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Chaoxu, X; Wenhua, Q (corresponding author), Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Yard 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Chaoxu, X; Wenhua, Q (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Yard 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xiachaoxu@ies.ac.cn; qiwenhua@ies.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JUL 1
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 1
AR 21137
DI 10.1038/s41598-025-08209-6
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001522987800035
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   van Westen, CJ
   Allstadt, KE
   Jibson, RW
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Allstadt, Kate E.
   Jibson, Randall W.
TI Factors controlling landslide frequency-area distributions
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE earthquakes; landslides; inventories; landslide size-statics; power-law;
   rollover; cutoff; amalgamation; temporal resolution; successive slope
   failure
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RIVER-BASIN; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MASS MOVEMENTS; SLOPE FAILURE; ROCK FALLS
AB A power-law relation for the frequency-area distribution (FAD) of medium and large landslides (e.g. tens to millions of square meters) has been observed by numerous authors. But the FAD of small landslides diverges from the power-law distribution, with a rollover point below which frequencies decrease for smaller landslides. Some studies conclude that this divergence is an artifact of unmapped small landslides due to lack of spatial or temporal resolution; others posit that it is caused by the change in the underlying failure process. An explanation for this dilemma is essential both to evaluate the factors controlling FADs of landslides and power-law scaling, which is a crucial factor regarding both landscape evolution and landslide hazard assessment. This study examines the FADs of 45 earthquake-induced landslide inventories from around the world in the context of the proposed explanations. We show that each inventory probably involves some combination of the proposed explanations, though not all explanations contribute to each case. We propose an alternative explanation to understand the reason for the divergence from a power-law. We suggest that the geometry of a landslide at the time of mapping reflects not just one single movement but many, including the propagation of numerous smaller landslides before and after the main failure. Because only the resulting combination of these landslides can be observed due to a lack of temporal resolution, many smaller landslides are not taken into account in the inventory. This reveals that the divergence from the power-law is not necessarily attributed to the incompleteness of an inventory. This conceptual model will need to be validated by ongoing observation and analysis. Also, we show that because of the subjectivity of mapping procedures, the total number of landslides and total landslide areas in inventories differ significantly, and therefore the shapes of FADs also differ considerably. (c) 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Allstadt, Kate E.; Jibson, Randall W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA.
C3 University of Twente; United States Department of the Interior; United
   States Geological Survey
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 120
Z9 125
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD MAR 30
PY 2019
VL 44
IS 4
BP 900
EP 917
DI 10.1002/esp.4543
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000461867900005
ER

PT J
AU Liu, ZJ
   Qiu, HJ
   Liu, Y
   Zhu, YR
   Jiang, XY
   Wang, F
   Pei, YQ
   Tang, BZ
AF Liu, Zijing
   Qiu, Haijun
   Liu, Ya
   Zhu, Yaru
   Jiang, Xingyuan
   Wang, Fei
   Pei, Yanqian
   Tang, Bingzhe
TI Increasing landslide deformation and activity in a changing local
   environment: a case study of Zhouqu County in the Bailong River Basin
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Changing climate; Frequent earthquakes; Surface displacement; Landslides
ID SLOW-MOVING LANDSLIDES; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INSAR; CHINA; SCATTERERS; PERSISTENT; RESOLUTION;
   RAINFALL
AB Climate change and frequent earthquakes influence the surface deformation of landslides and further lead to catastrophic event. However, due to the deficiency effective long-term monitoring data for landslides, it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the actual impact of the changing local environment on landslide deformation. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the effects of rainfall and earthquakes on landslides deformation in Zhouqu County, China, using Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) technique. The results showed that in recent years, the unstable areas and the fastest deformation velocity of the five occurred landslides (Suoertou, Daxiaowan, Xieliupo, Zhongpai and Qinyu landslides) studied have significantly increased. Meanwhile, the time series displacement data of five landslides showed that the deformation trend changed from a steady state to an accelerated state. Furthermore, our findings revealed that an augmentation in precipitation not only exacerbated the incidence of rainstorms, thereby facilitating the occurrence frequency of devastating landslides, but also demonstrated a correlation between annual precipitation and variations in the deformation trend of landslides. Smaller values of the magnitude (reciprocal), depth, and epicentral distance resulted in greater surface displacement of the landslide; conversely, larger values resulted in smaller surface displacement. These quantitative correlations suggest that, due to the perpetual alterations in the environment, landslides are progressively transitioning from a state of relative stability to one of heightened activity.
C1 [Liu, Zijing; Qiu, Haijun; Liu, Ya; Zhu, Yaru; Tang, Bingzhe] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Haijun; Tang, Bingzhe] Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Xingyuan] Guizhou Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Engn, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Fei] Northwest Univ, Dept Geol, State Key Lab Continental Dynam, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Pei, Yanqian] Qinghai Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest University Xi'an; Northwest University Xi'an; Guizhou
   University; Northwest University Xi'an; Qinghai Normal University
RP Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.; Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
EM haijunqiu@nwu.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 2
AR 110
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04106-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001413345500003
ER

PT J
AU Yunus, AP
   Chen, XY
   Catani, F
   Subramaniam, SS
   Fan, XM
   Jie, D
   Sajinkumar, KS
   Gupta, A
   Avtar, R
AF Yunus, Ali P.
   Chen, Xinyu
   Catani, Filippo
   Subramaniam, Srikrishnan Siva
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Jie, Dou
   Sajinkumar, K. S.
   Gupta, Ankita
   Avtar, Ram
TI Earthquake-induced soil landslides: volume estimates and uncertainties
   with the existing scaling exponents
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION; MODEL
AB Quantifying landslide volumes in earthquake affected areas is critical to understand the orogenic processes and their surface effects at different spatio-temporal scales. Here, we build an accurate scaling relationship to estimate the volume of shallow soil landslides based on 1 m pre- and post-event LiDAR elevation models. On compiling an inventory of 1719 landslides for 2018 M-w 6.6 Hokkaido-Iburi earthquake epicentral region, we find that the volume of soil landslides can be estimated by gamma = 1.15. The total volume of eroded debris from Hokkaido-Iburi catchments based on this new scaling relationship is estimated as 64-72 million m(3). Based on the GNSS data approximation, we noticed that the co-seismic uplift volume is smaller than the eroded volume, suggesting that frequent large earthquakes (and rainfall extremes) may be counterbalancing the topographic uplift through erosion by landslides, especially in humid landscapes such as Japan, where soil properties are rather weak.
C1 [Yunus, Ali P.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Mohali, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
   [Chen, Xinyu; Gupta, Ankita; Avtar, Ram] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
   [Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
   [Subramaniam, Srikrishnan Siva] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Ctr Excellence Disaster Mitigat & Management, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
   [Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Jie, Dou] China Univ Geosci, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Sajinkumar, K. S.] Univ Kerala, Dept Geol, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
C3 Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) - Mohali;
   Hokkaido University; University of Padua; Indian Institute of Technology
   System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Roorkee;
   Chengdu University of Technology; China University of Geosciences;
   University of Kerala
RP Avtar, R (corresponding author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
EM ram@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
TC 18
Z9 19
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD MAY 19
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 1
AR 8151
DI 10.1038/s41598-023-35088-6
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001001529400072
ER

PT J
AU Wu, JH
   Do, TN
   Chen, CH
   Wang, GH
AF Wu, Jian-Hong
   Trong Nhan Do
   Chen, Chun-Hua
   Wang, Gonghui
TI New Geometric Restriction for the Displacement-Constraint Points in
   Discontinuous Deformation Analysis
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Ground movement; Newmark approach; Rock avalanche; Block
   distortion; Daguangbao slope failure
ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; RESPONSE ANALYSIS; DDA; LANDSLIDE; BLOCK;
   EARTHQUAKE; FORMULATION; SIMULATION; MODEL
AB A displacement-based seismic discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) considers the influence of an earthquake by applying a time-dependent displacement constraint to simulate time-dependent ground movement of the base rock. However, unexpected variations of the base block stress and the block area in a seismic DDA may affect the block contacts with another block. This study theoretically clarifies the mechanism that causes unwanted base block distortion in a seismic DDA. A new geometric restriction is proposed for the assignment of displacement-constraint points to simulate the ground movement of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) convex and concave blocks without changing the DDA algorithm. Additionally, the Daguangbao rock avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in China is considered as a case study to demonstrate the capability of the new geometric restriction in a DDA to solve practical problems. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Wu, Jian-Hong; Trong Nhan Do; Chen, Chun-Hua] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
C3 National Cheng Kung University; Kyoto University
RP Wu, JH (corresponding author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
EM jhwu@mail.ncku.edu.tw
TC 32
Z9 32
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1532-3641
EI 1943-5622
PD MAY
PY 2017
VL 17
IS 5
SI SI
AR E4016002
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000648
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000398536900002
ER

PT J
AU Youssef, AM
   Al-Kathery, M
   Pradhan, B
AF Youssef, Ahmed M.
   Al-Kathery, Mohamed
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
TI Landslide susceptibility mapping at Al-Hasher area, Jizan (Saudi Arabia)
   using GIS-based frequency ratio and index of entropy models
SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL
DT Article
DE landslide; frequency ratio; index of entropy; remote sensing; GIS;
   Jizan; Saudi Arabia
ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS;
   DEMPSTER-SHAFER; FUZZY-LOGIC; ZONATION; SLOPE
AB Mountain areas in the southern western corner of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia frequently suffer from various types of landslides due to rain storms and anthropogenic activities. To resolve the problem related to landslides, landslide susceptibility map is important as a quick and safe mitigation measure and to help making strategic planning by identifying the most vulnerable areas. This paper summarizes findings of landslide susceptibility analysis at Al-Hasher area, Jizan, KSA, using two statistical models: frequency ratio and index of entropy models with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. The landslide locations (inventory map) were identified in the study area using historical records, interpretation of high-resolution satellite images that include Geo-Eye in 2.5 m and Quickbird in 0.6m resolution, topographic maps of 1:10,000 scale, and multiple field investigations. A total of 207 landslides (80% out of 257 detected landslides) were randomly selected for model training, and the remaining 50 landslides (19%) were used for the model validation. Ten landslide conditioning factors including slope angle, slope-aspect, altitude, curvature, lithology, distance to lineaments, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to roads, precipitation, and distance to streams, were extracted from spatial database. Using these conditioning factors and landslide locations, landslide susceptibility and weights of each factor were analyzed by using frequency ratio and index of entropy models. Our findings showed that the existing landslides of high and very high susceptibility classes cover nearly 80.4% and 79.1% of the susceptibility maps produced by frequency ratio and index of entropy models respectively. For verification, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated for success and prediction rates. For success rate the results revealed that for the index of entropy model (AUC = 77.9%) is slightly lower than frequency ratio model (AUC = 78.8%). For the prediction rate, it was found that the index of entropy model (AUC = 74.9%) is slightly lower than the frequency ratio model (AUC = 76.7%). The landslide susceptibility maps produced from this study could help decision makers, planners, engineers, and urban areas developers to make suitable decisions.
C1 [Youssef, Ahmed M.] Sohag Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci, Sohag 11432, Egypt.
   [Youssef, Ahmed M.; Al-Kathery, Mohamed] Saudi Geol Survey, Appl Geol Sect, Geol Hazards Dept, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, GISRC, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
C3 Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Sohag University; Saudi Geological
   Survey; Universiti Putra Malaysia
RP Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, GISRC, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
EM biswajeet24@gmail.com
TC 193
Z9 211
PU GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA
PI SEOUL
PA NEW BLD RM 813, 22, TEHERAN-RO 7-GIL, SEOUL, 06130, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1226-4806
EI 1598-7477
PD MAR
PY 2015
VL 19
IS 1
BP 113
EP 134
DI 10.1007/s12303-014-0032-8
SC Geology
UT WOS:000350295700010
ER

PT J
AU He, XL
   Xu, C
   Qi, WW
   Huang, YD
   Cheng, J
   Xu, XW
   Yao, Q
   Lu, YK
   Dai, BY
AF He, Xiangli
   Xu, Chong
   Qi, Wenwen
   Huang, Yuandong
   Cheng, Jia
   Xu, Xiwei
   Yao, Qi
   Lu, Yongkun
   Dai, Boyang
TI Landslides Triggered by the 2020 Qiaojia Mw5.1
   Earthquake, Yunnan, China: Distribution, Influence Factors and Tectonic
   Significance
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Qiaojia earthquake; landslide inventory; spatial distribution;
   seismogenic fault; Ludian earthquake
ID LUDIAN M(S)6.5 EARTHQUAKE; 3 AUGUST 2014; FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMOGENIC FAULT; INVENTORY;
   PATTERN; RUPTURES; BORDER
AB On May 18, 2020, an M(w)5.1 earthquake occurred in Qiaojia County, Yunnan Province, China. This moderate-sized event triggered massive coseismic landslides, resulting in some damage. In this work, through visual interpretation of high-resolution (0.8-2 m) Gaofen satellite images before and after the earthquake, 167 landslides were delineated, 18 of which were inspected in the field. Using the landslide number density (LND) and landslide area percentage (LAP), we characterized the spatial distribution of these landslides, and analyzed their possible influence factors and tectonic significance. The results show that these landslides are distributed mostly in the NW-SE direction, roughly parallel to the long axis of seismic intensity zones and the strike of the Xiaohe-Baogunao fault (XBF). The LND and LAP decrease with increasing distances to the fault and from the epicenter to fault ends of the XBF. These permit to suggest that the seismogenic fault of the Qiaojia earthquake is likely a hidden branch of the XBF. All of the landslides induced by this event occurred in the region with the seismic intensity of six degrees or greater of the 2014 M(w)6.2 Ludian earthquake. Therefore, it was inferred that the 2020 Qiaojia earthquake was probably the subsequent release of accumulated elastic strain after the 2014 Ludian earthquake in a same tectonic stress regime.
C1 [He, Xiangli; Xu, Chong; Qi, Wenwen; Cheng, Jia; Xu, Xiwei] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [He, Xiangli; Xu, Chong; Qi, Wenwen] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Compound & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam Cons, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yuandong] China Univ Geosci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Qi] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Yongkun; Dai, Boyang] Yunnan Earthquake Agcy, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China Earthquake Administration; China
   Earthquake Networks Center, CEA; China Earthquake Administration; Yunnan
   Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Compound & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam Cons, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 40
Z9 54
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD OCT
PY 2021
VL 32
IS 5
BP 1056
EP 1068
DI 10.1007/s12583-021-1492-1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000702994900002
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, L
   Yang, QW
   Luo, LG
   Cui, SH
AF Zhu, Ling
   Yang, Qingwen
   Luo, Luguang
   Cui, Shenghua
TI Pore-Water Pressure Model for Carbonate Fault Materials Based on Cyclic
   Triaxial Tests
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE carbonate fault materials; pore-water pressure; cyclic stress; initial
   stress state; model
ID ENERGY-BASED EVALUATION; DAGUANGBAO LANDSLIDE; DENSE SANDS;
   LIQUEFACTION; EARTHQUAKE; GENERATION; BEHAVIOR; SOIL; DISSIPATION;
   INITIATION
AB Pore-water pressure generation in the saturated carbonate fault zone plays a key role in the initiation of the Daguangbao landslide, which is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. This paper examines the pore-water pressure behavior and the influence of cyclic stress and initial stress state, and establishes a pore-water pressure model of carbonate fault materials. A series of cyclic triaxial tests of saturated carbonate fault materials were carried out, covering a broad range of frequencies, cyclic shear stress ratios and confining pressures. The test results show that the pore-water pressure in the materials increases rapidly under cyclic loading, revealing a significant liquefaction potential. The generation of pore-water pressure is barely affected by frequency. The higher cyclic shear stress ratio accelerates the generation of the pore-water pressure, while the higher confining pressure increases liquefaction resistance. Furthermore, an energy method is proposed to evaluate the development behavior of the pore-water pressure. An energy-based pore-water pressure model that accounts for the effects of frequency, cyclic shear stress ratio and confining pressure is established. The generation of the pore-water pressure is attributed to the grain crushing in the special fault materials with low-strength calcareous cementation. This work provides a novel model and some innovative observations for better understanding the pore-water pressure behavior of carbonate fault materials under seismic loading.
C1 [Zhu, Ling; Yang, Qingwen; Luo, Luguang; Cui, Shenghua] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Luguang] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Yang, QW (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM yangqingwen1991@outlook.com
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAR 15
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 842765
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.842765
SC Geology
UT WOS:000777473700001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, CW
   Sato, M
   Yamada, R
   Iida, T
   Matsuda, M
   Chen, H
AF Chen, Chi-Wen
   Sato, Masato
   Yamada, Ryuji
   Iida, Tomoyuki
   Matsuda, Masayuki
   Chen, Hongey
TI Modeling of earthquake-induced landslide distributions based on the
   active fault parameters
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Landslide; Magnitude; Active fault
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; JAPAN; PREDICTION; SUBDUCTION;
   LIMITS; TIME
AB Earthquake-induced landslides can cause enormous damage and numerous casualties in mountainous areas worldwide; consequently, accurate assessment of the potential distribution of earthquake-induced landslides is an important issue. For a national disaster prevention agency, it is desirable to be prepared to rapidly evaluate disasters and risks from information that can be scarce or easily available. The present study examined landslides triggered by reverse and strike-slip fault earthquakes, focusing on recent cases in Japan with relatively complete landslide inventories and detailed active-fault information. The landslide distributions and parameters of active faults were compared, and it was found that the skewness and kurtosis of the landslide distribution for each earthquake event was close to zero, indicating that the distributions followed the normal distribution. The mean distance of the landslide distribution from the active fault is negatively correlated with the inclination of the active fault, while the standard deviation is negatively correlated with the fault-top depth of the active fault and positively correlated with the magnitude of the earthquake.
   Based on our findings, we conducted a regression analysis of the relationship between the mean distance from the active fault and the inclination of the active fault. The mean distance of the landslide from the active fault increased when the active fault had a lower inclination, and was regarded as zero when the inclination was greater than 60 degrees. In addition, a relationship between the standard deviation, depth of fault top, and earthquake magnitude was established using multiple regression analysis. We thus confirmed the accuracy of the methodology using the actual landslide distributions of recent earthquakes in Japan. The length of the active fault can be used as input for the methodology, to estimate the maximum magnitude of the respective earthquake. Furthermore, the 95% confidence interval appears to cover almost all the large landslides, which enables us to limit the extent of areas that should be considered as the most exposed to co-seismic landslide hazards. The applicability of the proposed methodology was successfully tested using the case of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan with a seismic mechanism similar to the Japanese earthquake. Consequently, the proposed methodology can be applied to estimate the potential distribution of landslides caused by reverse and strike-slip fault earthquakes, based on the parameters of the active faults.
C1 [Chen, Chi-Wen; Chen, Hongey] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   [Chen, Chi-Wen; Sato, Masato; Yamada, Ryuji; Iida, Tomoyuki] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan.
   [Chen, Chi-Wen; Iida, Tomoyuki] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
   [Matsuda, Masayuki] Natl Inst Land & Infrastruct Management, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050804, Japan.
   [Chen, Hongey] Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, 200,Sec 3,Beixin Rd, New Taipei 23143, Taiwan.
C3 National Taiwan University; National Research Institute for Earth
   Science & Disaster Resilience; University of Tokyo; National Science &
   Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR)
RP Chen, H (corresponding author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM hchen@ntu.edu.tw
TC 13
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 20
PY 2022
VL 303
AR 106640
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106640
EA APR 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000821838900001
ER

PT J
AU Martha, TR
   Roy, P
   Mazumdar, R
   Govindharaj, KB
   Kumar, KV
AF Martha, Tapas R.
   Roy, Priyom
   Mazumdar, Ritwik
   Govindharaj, K. Babu
   Kumar, K. Vinod
TI Spatial characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2015
   Mw 7.8 (Gorkha) and Mw 7.3 (Dolakha) earthquakes
   in Nepal
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Thrust; Satellite data; Rock slide; PGA; DEM
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOMA-PRIETA; INVENTORIES; PATTERNS
AB High magnitude earthquakes trigger numerous landslides and their occurrences are mainly controlled by terrain parameters. We created an inventory of 15,551 landslides with a total area of 90.2 km(2) triggered by the 2015 M-w 7.8 (Gorkha) and M-w 7.3 (Dolakha) earthquakes in Nepal, through interpretation of very high resolution satellite images (e.g. WorldView, Pleiades, Cartosat-1 and 2, Resourcesat-2). Our spatial analysis of landslide occurrences with ground acceleration, slope, lithology and surface defomation indicated ubiquitous control of steep slope on landslides with ground acceleration as the trigger. Spatial distribution of landslides shows increasing frequency away from the Gorkha earthquake epicentre up to 130 km towards east, dropping sharply thereafter, which is an abnormal phenomenon of coseismic landslides. Landslides are laterally concentrated in three zones which matches well with the seismic rupture evolution of Gorkha earthquake, as reported through teleseismic measurements.
C1 [Martha, Tapas R.; Roy, Priyom; Mazumdar, Ritwik; Govindharaj, K. Babu; Kumar, K. Vinod] Indian Space Res Org, Geosci Grp, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India.
C3 Department of Space (DoS), Government of India; Indian Space Research
   Organisation (ISRO); National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
RP Martha, TR (corresponding author), Indian Space Res Org, Geosci Grp, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM tapas_martha@nrsc.gov.in
TC 83
Z9 90
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
BP 697
EP 704
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0763-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000398889900019
ER

PT J
AU Wang, T
   Liu, JM
   Shi, JS
   Gao, MT
   Wu, SR
AF Wang Tao
   Liu Jia-mei
   Shi Ju-song
   Gao Meng-tan
   Wu Shu-ren
TI Probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment: a case study in
   Tianshui, Northwest China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Probabilistic analysis; Seismic hazard; Newmark's method; Landslides;
   Displacement model; Hazard assessment
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CUMULATIVE ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; 2008
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ARIAS INTENSITY; ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIP; SLIDING
   DISPLACEMENTS; ROCK FALLS; SLOPES; MODELS; AMPLIFICATION
AB Probabilistic analysis in the field of seismic landslide hazard assessment is often based on an estimate of uncertainties of geological, geotechnical, geomorphological and seismological parameters. However, real situations are very complex and thus uncertainties of some parameters such as water content conditions and critical displacement are difficult to describe with accurate mathematical models. In this study, we present a probabilistic methodology based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method and the Newmark's displacement model. The Tianshui seismic zone (105 degrees 00 '-106 degrees 00 ' E, 34 degrees 20 '-34 degrees 40 ' N) in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were used as an example. Arias intensity with three standard probabilities of exceedance (63%, 10%, and 2% in 50 years) in accordance with building design provisions were used to compute Newmark displacements by incorporating the effects of topographic amplification. Probable scenarios of water content condition were considered and three water content conditions (dry, wet and saturated) were adopted to simulate the effect of pore-water on slope. The influence of 5 cm and 10 cm critical displacements were investigated in order to analyze the sensitivity of critical displacement to the probabilities of earthquake-induced landslide occurrence. The results show that water content in particular, have a great influence on the distribution of high seismic landslide hazard areas. Generally, the dry coverage analysis represents a lower bound for susceptibility and hazard assessment, and the saturated coverage analysis represents an upper bound to some extent. Moreover, high seismic landslide hazard areas are also influenced by the critical displacements. The slope failure probabilities during future earthquakes with critical displacements of 5 cm can increase by a factor of 1.2 to 2.3 as compared to that of 10 cm. It suggests that more efforts are required in order to obtain reasonable threshold values for slope failure. Considering the probable scenarios of water content condition which is varied with seasons, seismic landslide hazard assessments are carried out for frequent, occasional and rare earthquake occurrences in the Tianshui region, which can provide a valuable reference for landslide hazard management and infrastructure design in mountainous seismic zones.
C1 [Wang Tao; Liu Jia-mei; Wu Shu-ren] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Tao; Liu Jia-mei; Wu Shu-ren] CAGS, Inst Geomech, Key Lab Act Tecton & Crustal Stabil Assessment, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi Ju-song] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Gao Meng-tan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geophysics, CEA
RP Liu, JM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Liu, JM (corresponding author), CAGS, Inst Geomech, Key Lab Act Tecton & Crustal Stabil Assessment, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM wangtao_ig@163.com; ljm19870918@126.com; shijusong@126.com;
   gaomt@vip.sina.com; shrwu@cags.ac.cn
TC 15
Z9 18
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 1
BP 173
EP 190
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5618-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000512076900013
ER

PT J
AU Korup, O
   Pánek, T
   Brezny, M
AF Korup, Oliver
   Panek, Tomas
   Brezny, Michal
TI Size estimates of Earth's largest terrestrial landslides informed by
   topographic setting
SO COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MEXICAN VOLCANIC BELT; GIANT LANDSLIDES;
   CATASTROPHIC EMPLACEMENT; SLOPE FAILURES; HEART MOUNTAIN; HAZARD; SLIDE;
   AVALANCHES; COLLAPSES
AB Landslides regulate the height of mountains by releasing potential energy and reducing topographic relief. Yet, relief also limits the dimensions of small, frequent landslides in turn. But how local topography, lithology, and climate influence the size distribution and hazard of Earth's largest terrestrial landslides remains unclear. Here we use Bayesian regression to estimate these effects on landslide volume, drawing on a worldwide sample of 411 cases, each involving > 1 km(3). Nearly two third of their total volume is volcanic and sedimentary rocks within 50 km of active fault zones, clustered in actively uplifting mountain belts and on volcanic plateaus. Volumetric estimates vary most distinctly with dominant topographic setting, regardless of local relief, general rock type, or contemporary climate. These largely negligible effects indicate that volume scaling statistics fail to capture differing bulk lithological properties, let alone a detection bias due to climatic controls on land cover, weathering, or erosion.
C1 [Korup, Oliver] Univ Potsdam, Inst Environm Sci & Geog, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
   [Korup, Oliver] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
   [Panek, Tomas; Brezny, Michal] Univ Ostrava, Fac Sci, Dept Phys Geog & Geoecol, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic.
C3 University of Potsdam; University of Potsdam; University of Ostrava
RP Korup, O (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Environm Sci & Geog, D-14476 Golm, Germany.; Korup, O (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Golm, Germany.
EM oliver.korup@geo.uni-potsdam.de
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGERNATURE
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND
EI 2662-4435
PD AUG 5
PY 2025
VL 6
IS 1
AR 629
DI 10.1038/s43247-025-02614-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
UT WOS:001546344400005
ER

PT J
AU Ke, ZH
   Dai, FC
   Fan, QH
   Guo, YC
   Zhao, SY
AF Ke, Zunhong
   Dai, Fuchu
   Fan, Qihui
   Guo, Yanchen
   Zhao, Siyuan
TI The giant mid-Holocene Linka rock avalanche with long-runout river
   blockage in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Long-runout landslide; Earthquake-induced landslide; River-damming
   landslide; Tibetan Plateau; Landform response
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; DYNAMICS; SICHUAN; SLOPES;
   FAULT
AB As a response to rapid tectonic uplift and intense river incision, giant river-damming landslides have frequently occurred in the mountain and canyon region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These landslides in turn can transiently affect the longitudinal profile evolution of rivers. The ca. 440 Mm(3) channelized Linka rock avalanche initiated as a giant translational rockslide on the south-facing dip slope of the NW-trending divide of the Waqu catchment. The detached rock mass involved the thick and resistant Wada limestone, and the underlying Basu red-bed unit, comprising sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone. The NWW-striking bedding planes and the SE-dipping joint set bounded the landslide source area at its base and sides, respectively, and a buckling failure controlled by the high-angle SW-dipping joints at the slope toe induced this giant mass-movement event. The rock slope failure was likely triggered by an earthquake that occurred at ca. 5.5 ka before present, probably corresponding to a prehistorical rupture on the active Bianba-Luolong Fault Zone. The confined rock avalanche deposits, covering ca. 5.5 km(2), rode up both of the constraining ridges that laterally constrained the motion path. The instantaneous velocity as the rock avalanche traveled through the distal bend of the motion path was calculated to be ca. 34 m/s using a superelevation-based equation. The rock avalanche traveled a horizontal distance of ca. 5970 m with a vertical drop of 1380 m, displaying a high mobility (H/L index value of 0.231), which can be attributed primarily to dynamic rock fragmentation. This giant mass-movement event completely blocked the Waqu River with a ca. 170-m high dam. This natural dam has experienced breaches at least 6 times (including 1 seepage failure and 5 subsequent overtopping failures), and the largest peak discharge from the 1st seepage failure was estimated to be similar to 19,500 m(3)/s. The formation and breaching of the natural dam have caused a transient but extremely profound influence on the longitudinal profile evolution of the Waqu River. This research involving landslide initiation, displacement, deposition, and the formation and breaching of the landslide dam can help enhance the understanding of effective risk assessments of landslide-induced disaster chains in high-relief regions.
C1 [Ke, Zunhong; Dai, Fuchu; Fan, Qihui; Guo, Yanchen] Beijing Univ Technol, Fac Architecture Civil & Transportat Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Siyuan] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing University of Technology; Sichuan University
RP Dai, FC (corresponding author), Beijing Univ Technol, Fac Architecture Civil & Transportat Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
EM daifc@bjut.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 11
BP 2769
EP 2787
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02311-y
EA JUL 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001265436300001
ER

PT J
AU Djukem, DLW
   Fan, XM
   Havenith, HB
AF Djukem, Danny Love Wamba
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Havenith, Hans-Balder
TI Effective prediction of earthquake-induced slope displacements,
   considering region-specific seismotectonic and climatic conditions
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Critical acceleration; PGA distribution; Quadratic relationship; Newmark
   displacement; Haiti; Sichuan Province
ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT;
   GROUND-MOTION; 2010 HAITI; XIANSHUIHE FAULT; SEISMIC HAZARD
AB The Newmark displacement (ND) method is a reliable tool for assessing earthquake-induced slope deformation, yet a universally accepted regional-scale approach is still lacking. Existing ND equations often rely on regression from diverse strong-motion datasets or landslide statistics that were initially unavailable. To address this, we propose a site-adaptable ND approach (SAND) for various tectonic mountainous environments and scales. This knowledge- and data-driven method models cumulative slope displacement assuming normal pre-earthquake conditions, considering a quadratic relationship with peak ground acceleration (PGA) and a non-linear relationship with critical acceleration (Ac). We gradually incorporate region- and site-specific conditions, including fault type, focal mechanism, hanging/footwall effects, topographic amplifications, terrain roughness, and wetness coefficient. Case studies include landslides triggered by the Haiti earthquakes in 2010 and 2021, as well as those from Taiwan (1999), Lushan (2013 and 2022), and Luding (2022). SAND outperforms previous regression-based models in predicting landslide locations. The SAND threshold varies between 0 and 10 cm, in line with previous studies. The SAND approach quickly predicts shallow ETLs to support rescue efforts, using data on earthquake magnitude, epicenter, and focal mechanism (ideally the fault activated segment).
C1 [Djukem, Danny Love Wamba; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Havenith, Hans-Balder] Univ Liege, Geol Dept B18, Georisk & Environm, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Liege
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAY
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 9
BP 10517
EP 10552
DI 10.1007/s11069-025-07200-8
EA MAR 2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001448803700001
ER

PT J
AU Roback, K
   Clark, MK
   West, AJ
   Zekkos, D
   Li, G
   Gallen, SF
   Chamlagain, D
   Godt, JW
AF Roback, Kevin
   Clark, Marin K.
   West, A. Joshua
   Zekkos, Dimitrios
   Li, Gen
   Gallen, Sean F.
   Chamlagain, Deepak
   Godt, Jonathan W.
TI The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015
   Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; W 7.8 GORKHA; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; TRIGGERED
   INCREASE; SEDIMENT DYNAMICS; TECTONIC UPLIFT; SIWALIKS HILLS; DEBRIS;
   EROSION; MODEL
AB Coseismic landslides pose immediate and prolonged hazards to mountainous communities, and provide a rare opportunity to study the effect of large earthquakes on erosion and sediment budgets. By mapping landslides using high-resolution satellite imagery, we find that the 25 April 2015 M(w)7.8 Gorkha earthquake and aftershock sequence produced at least 25,000 landslides throughout the steep Himalayan Mountains in central Nepal. Despite early reports claiming lower than expected landslide activity, our results show that the total number, area, and volume of landslides associated with the Gorkha event are consistent with expectations, when compared to prior landslide-triggering earthquakes around the world. The extent of landsliding mimics the extent of fault rupture along the east-west trace of the Main Himalayan Thrust and increases eastward following the progression of rupture. In this event, maximum modeled Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and the steepest topographic slopes of the High Himalaya are not spatially coincident, so it is not surprising that landslide density correlates neither with PGA nor steepest slopes on their own. Instead, we find that the highest landslide density is located at the confluence of steep slopes, high mean annual precipitation, and proximity to the deepest part of the fault rupture from which 0.5-2 Hz seismic energy originated. We suggest that landslide density was determined by a combination of earthquake source characteristics, slope distributions, and the influence of precipitation on rock strength via weathering and changes in vegetation cover. Determining the relative contribution of each factor will require further modeling and better constrained seismic parameters, both of which are likely to be developed in the coming few years as post-event studies evolve. Landslide mobility, in terms of the ratio of runout distance to fall'height, is comparable to small volume landslides in other settings, and landslide volume-runout scaling is consistent with compilations of data on larger slope failures. In general, the size ratios of landslide source area to full landslide area are smaller than global averages, and hillslope length seems to largely control runout distance, which we propose reflects a topographic control on landslide mobility in this setting. We find that landslide size dictates runout distance and that more than half of the landslide debris was deposited in direct connection with stream channels. Connectivity, which is defined as the spatial proximity of landslides to fluvial channels, is greatest for larger landslides in the high-relief part of the High Himalaya. Although these failures are less abundant than those at lower elevations, they may have a disproportionate impact on sediment dynamics and cascading hazards, such as landslide reactivation by monsoon rainfall and landslide dams that lead to outburst floods. The overall high fluvial connectivity of coseismic landsliding in the Gorkha event suggests coupling between the earthquake cycle and sediment/geochemical budgets of fluvial systems in the Himalaya. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Roback, Kevin; Clark, Marin K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [West, A. Joshua; Li, Gen] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Zekkos, Dimitrios] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Gallen, Sean F.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Chamlagain, Deepak] Tribhuvan Univ, Dept Geol, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Nat Hazards Miss Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
C3 University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of
   Southern California; University of Michigan System; University of
   Michigan; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich;
   Tribhuvan University; United States Department of the Interior; United
   States Geological Survey
RP Clark, MK (corresponding author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM marinkc@umich.edu
TC 353
Z9 386
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 15
PY 2018
VL 301
BP 121
EP 138
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000419415300011
ER

PT J
AU Meng, QK
   Miao, F
   Zhen, J
   Wang, XY
   Wang, A
   Peng, Y
   Fan, Q
AF Meng, Qingkai
   Miao, Fang
   Zhen, Jing
   Wang, Xinyuan
   Wang, An
   Peng, Ying
   Fan, Qiang
TI GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping with logistic regression,
   analytical hierarchy process, and combined fuzzy and support vector
   machine methods: a case study from Wolong Giant Panda Natural Reserve,
   China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility map; Wolong Giant Panda Natural Reserve; GIS;
   Combined fuzzy and SVM
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WEIGHTED LINEAR COMBINATION; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; BLACK-SEA REGION; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   BIVARIATE STATISTICS; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; SPATIAL PREDICTION;
   DEMPSTER-SHAFER
AB Landslides, as one of the most destructive natural phenomena, distribute extensively in Wolong Giant Panda Natural Reserve and cause damage to both humans and endangered species. Therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping is necessary for government agencies and decision makers to select suitable locations for giant pandas. The main purpose of this study is to produce landside susceptibility maps using logistic regression (LR), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and a combined fuzzy and support vector machine (F-SVM) hybrid method based on geographic information systems (GIS). A total of 1773 landslide scarps larger than one cell (25 9 25 m(2)) were selected in the landslide inventory mapping, 70 % of which were selected at random to be used as test data, and the other 30 % were used as validation. Topographical, geological, and hydrographical data were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database. Nine conditioning factors were chosen as influencing factors related to landslide occurrence: slope degree, aspect, altitude, profile curvature, geology and lithology, distance from faults, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Landslide susceptible areas were analyzed and mapped using the landslide occurrence factors by different methods. For conventional assessment, weights and rates of the affecting factors were assigned based on experience and knowledge of experts. In order to reduce the subjectivity, a combined fuzzy and SVM hybrid model was generated for LSZ in this paper. In this approach, the rates of each thematic layer were generated by the fuzzy similarity method, and weights were created by the SVM method. To confirm the practicality of the susceptibility map produced by this improved method, a comparison study with LR, AHP was assessed by means of their validation. The outcome indicated that the combined fuzzy and SVM method (accuracy is 85.73 %) is better than AHP (accuracy is 78.84 %), whereas it is relatively similar to LR (accuracy is 84.55 %). The susceptibility map based on combined the fuzzy and SVM approach also shows that 5.8 % of the study area is assigned as very highly susceptible areas, and 17.8 % of the study area is assigned as highly susceptible areas.
C1 [Meng, Qingkai; Miao, Fang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Tech, Coll Geophys,Minist Educ, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhen, Jing; Wang, Xinyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, An] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Ying] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Nucl Technol & Automat Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu
   University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Meng, QK (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Tech, Coll Geophys,Minist Educ, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM mengqk@cdut.edu.cn; mf@cdut.edu.cn; zhenjing@radi.ac.cn;
   wangxy@radi.ac.cn; amturing@outlook.com; ypeng@cdut.edu.cn;
   fanq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 60
Z9 68
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD AUG
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 3
BP 923
EP 944
DI 10.1007/s10064-015-0786-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000384816300004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Shyu, JBH
   Zheng, WJ
   Min, W
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Shyu, J. Bruce H.
   Zheng, Wenjun
   Min, Wei
TI Landslides triggered by the 22 July 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian, China, Mw
   5.9 earthquake: Inventory compiling and spatial distribution analysis
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake; Landslides; Landslide inventory;
   Spatial analysis; Satellite images; Visual interpretation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; 1994
   NORTHRIDGE; DENALI FAULT; MID-NIIGATA; LOMA-PRIETA
AB On July 22, 2013, an earthquake of Ms. 6.6 occurred at the junction area of Minxian and Zhangxian counties, Gansu Province, China. This earthquake triggered many landslides of various types, dominated by small-scale soil falls, slides, and topples on loess scarps. There were also a few deep-seated landslides, large-scale soil avalanches, and fissure-developing slopes. In this paper, an inventory of landslides triggered by this event is prepared based on field investigations and visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images. The spatial distribution of the landslides is then analyzed. The inventory indicates that at least 2330 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A correlation statistics of the landslides with topographic, geologic, and earthquake factors is performed based on the GIS platform. The results show that the largest number of landslides and the highest landslide density are at 2400 m-2600 m of absolute elevation, and 200 m-300 m of relative elevation, respectively. The landslide density does not always increase with slope gradient as previously suggested. The slopes most prone to landslides are in S. SW, W, and NW directions. Concave slopes register higher landslide density and larger number of landslides than convex slopes. The largest number of landslides occurs on topographic position with middle slopes, whereas the highest landslide density corresponds to valleys and lower slopes. The underlying bedrocks consisting of conglomerate and sandstone of Lower Paleogene (E-b) register both the largest number and area of landslides and the highest landslide number and area density values. Correlations of landslide number and landslide density with perpendicular- and along-strike distance from the epicenter show an obvious spatial intensifying character of the co-seismic landslides. The spatial pattern of the co-seismic landslides is strongly controlled by a branch of the Lintan-Dangchang fault, which indicates the effect of seismogenic fault on co-seismic landslides. In addition, the area affected by landslides related to the earthquake is compared to the relationship of "area affected by landslides vs. earthquake magnitude" constructed based on earthquakes worldwide, and it is shown that the area affected by landslides triggered by the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake is larger than that of almost all other events with similar magnitudes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; Min, Wei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Shyu, J. Bruce H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
   [Zheng, Wenjun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; National
   Taiwan University; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 120
Z9 140
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD OCT 1
PY 2014
VL 92
SI SI
BP 125
EP 142
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.06.014
SC Geology
UT WOS:000341554100008
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
TI Statistical analysis of landslides caused by the Mw 6.9 Yushu, China,
   earthquake of April 14, 2010
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE 2010 Yushu earthquake; Landslide; Statistical analysis; Landslide area
   percentage; Landslide number density; Control factor
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; MID-NIIGATA;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; INVENTORY
AB The April 14, 2010 Yushu, China, earthquake (Mw 6.9) triggered a great number of landslides. At least 2,036 co-seismic landslides, with a total coverage area of 1.194 km(2), were delineated by visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images taken following the earthquake, and verified by field inspection. Based on the mapping results, a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of these landslides is performed using the landslide area percentage (LAP), defined as the percentage of the area affected by the landslides, and landslide number density (LND), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer. The purpose is to clarify how the landslides correlate the control factors, which are the elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, distance from drainages, lithology, distance from the surface rupture, and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The results show that both LAP and LND have strongly positive correlations with slope angle and negative correlations with distance from the surface rupture and distance from drainages. The highest LAP and LPD values are in places of elevations from 3,800 to 4,000 m. The slopes producing landslides are mostly facing toward NE, E, and SE. The geological units of Q(4) al-pl, N, and T-3 kn (1) have the highest concentrations of co-seismic landslides. No apparent correlations are present between LAP and LND values and PGA. On both sides of the surface rupture, the landslide distributions are almost similar except a few exceptions, likely associated with the nature of the strike-slip seismogenic fault for this event. The bivariate statistical analysis shows that, in descending order, the earthquake-triggered landslide impact factors are distance from surface rupture > slope angle > distance from drainages > lithology > PGA. Besides, as the detailed co-seismic landslides inventories related to strike-slip earthquakes are still few compared with that of thrusting-fault earthquakes, this case study would shed new light on the subject. For instance, the landslide spatial distribution on both sides of the strike-slip seismogenic fault is rather different from that of thrusting-fault earthquakes. It reminds us to take different strategies of measures for prevention and mitigation of landslides induced by earthquakes with different mechanisms.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 72
Z9 85
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 72
IS 2
BP 871
EP 893
DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1038-2
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000335827100031
ER

PT J
AU Huang, JP
   Zhang, ZZ
   Ling, SX
AF Huang, Junpeng
   Zhang, Zizhao
   Ling, Sixiang
TI Effect of morphological terraces on earthquake-induced landslides:
   Insights from the January 23, 2024, Ms 7.1 Wushi earthquake in the South
   Tianshan Mountains, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Terrace landslides; Tianshan Mountains; Ms. 7.1 Wushi earthquake;
   Distribution characteristics; Susceptibility assessment uncertainties;
   Effect of morphological terraces
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;
   GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; OROGENIC BELT; PATTERN; CLASSIFICATION; DATABASE;
   EROSION; FOREST
AB On January 23, 2024, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Wushi County in the southern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China. This earthquake caused numerous landslides, both on terraces and non-terraces. However, current research lacks a comprehensive examination of the effects of river terraces, as a distinct geomorphic feature, on coseismic landslides. Moreover, variations in sampling strategies introduce uncertainty into the modelling results of coseismic landslide susceptibility assessments. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution, characteristics, controlling factors, and susceptibility assessment of terrace and non-terrace landslides across a 2894 km2 affected area. We developed the first coseismic landslide inventory via extensive remote sensing analysis and field surveys. The results revealed that the Wushi event triggered at least 4009 coseismic landslides, covering a total area of 15.68 km2, approximately one-third of which occurred on river terraces. Statistically, terrace and non-terrace landslides are prone to occur in specific zones of topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and seismic factors, which have relatively high landslide area proportions, landslide area densities (LADs), and landslide number densities (LNDs). These factors have the most significant control over terrace landslides, with higher LAD and LND values than non-terrace landslides do, which is called the terrace effect. Terrace landslides preferentially occurred in areas with intermediate elevations, hillslopes with steep gradients, low-elevation depressions, and high peak ground acceleration (PGA) values. Under the two different sampling strategies, the landslide susceptibility assessments performed using the Bayes network (BN), decision table naive Bayes (DTNB) and radial basis function classifier (RBFC) models demonstrate that source-based machine learning (ML) models achieve superior predictive performance compared with mass-based models. Notably, river terrace areas exhibit both higher proportions of high/very high susceptibility zones and greater landslide concentrations within these zones than the entire study region does. The tectonic geomorphic conditions of the Wushi earthquake-induced landslides are macroscopically controlled by regional uplift and river erosion, whereas earthquakes provide direct triggers for landslide occurrence. The clustering and size of terrace landslides are controlled by the terrace effect, especially the effect of morphological terraces. This study increases the understanding of the spatial distribution of earthquakeinduced terrace landslides in the Tianshan Mountains, offering a scientific foundation for disaster prevention and mitigation in comparable regions.
C1 [Huang, Junpeng; Zhang, Zizhao] Xinjiang Univ, Sch Geol & Min Engn, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Junpeng; Zhang, Zizhao] Xinjiang Univ, State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
   [Ling, Sixiang] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 61175, Peoples R China.
C3 Xinjiang University; Xinjiang University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, ZZ (corresponding author), 777 Huarui St,Shuimogou zone, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
EM huangjunpeng@xju.edu.cn; zhangzizhao@xju.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUL
PY 2025
VL 354
AR 108210
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108210
EA JUN 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001522833800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Li, C
   Peng, JY
   Zhou, YL
   Wang, SR
   Chen, YM
   Tang, Y
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Li, Can
   Peng, Jingyu
   Zhou, Yiling
   Wang, Shuairong
   Chen, Yunmin
   Tang, Yao
TI Fatal landslides in China from 1940 to 2020: occurrences and
   vulnerabilities
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Review
DE Database; Fatal landslide; Rainfall; Risk; Vulnerability
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INVENTORY; DATABASE; RISK
AB Landslides result in severe casualties every year in China. However, few historical fatal landslide databases are available for quantitatively assessing the temporal and spatial distribution and the impacts of landslides. Thus, this study constructed a database incorporating fatal landslides from 1940 to 2020 based on multiple data sources. A total of 1470 nonseismic-triggered landslides resulting in 14,394 fatalities in China were collected in the database. The incorporated landslides were classified into anthropogenic and natural landslides, which could also be categorized as the following types of displacements: fall, slide, flow, and other landslides. Spatial and temporal distributions demonstrated that the fatal landslides in China were mainly distributed in 13 provinces in Southwest China. Fifty-seven landslides and 1413 landslides before and after 2000 were incorporated into the database, respectively. Fatal landslides usually occurred during the Chinese rainy seasons, i.e., between April and September. Considering the impacts posed by various human activities, this study revealed for the first time the relationship between the gross domestic product growth rate/urbanization rate and anthropogenic landslides. Then, the affected populations in seven regions of China (Northwest China, North China, Northeast China, Central China, East China, South China, and Southwest China) from 2000 to 2020 were estimated using the geographical information system. The average number of fatalities caused by landslides per decade gradually decreased. Finally, the human vulnerability to landslides in China, which also showed a decreasing trend, was quantitatively assessed using the constructed database. These findings on human vulnerability are of critical importance in the elimination of landslide risks.
C1 [Zhang, Shuai; Li, Can; Peng, Jingyu; Zhou, Yiling; Wang, Shuairong; Chen, Yunmin; Tang, Yao] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shuai; Chen, Yunmin; Tang, Yao] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University
RP Tang, Y (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn; chenyunmin@zju.edu.cn; yaotang@zju.edu.cn
TC 42
Z9 45
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 6
BP 1243
EP 1264
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02034-6
EA MAR 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000945305400001
ER

PT J
AU Schulz, WH
   Wang, GH
AF Schulz, William H.
   Wang, Gonghui
TI Residual shear strength variability as a primary control on movement of
   landslides reactivated by earthquake-induced ground motion: Implications
   for coastal Oregon, US
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; SLOPE; PREFECTURE; MODEL;
   AMPLIFICATION; NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA; STABILITY; APPARATUS
AB Most large seismogenic landslides are reactivations of preexisting landslides with basal shear zones in the residual strength condition. Residual shear strength often varies during rapid displacement, but the response of residual shear zones to seismic loading is largely unknown. We used a ring shear apparatus to perform simulated seismic loading tests, constant displacement rate tests, and tests during which shear stress was gradually varied on specimens from two landslides to improve understanding of coseismic landslide reactivation and to identify shear strength models valid for slow gravitational failure through rapid coseismic failure. The landslides we studied represent many along the Oregon, U. S., coast. Seismic loading tests resulted in (1) catastrophic failure involving unbounded displacement when stresses represented those for the existing landslides and (2) limited to unbounded displacement when stresses represented those for hypothetical dormant landslides, suggesting that coseismic landslide reactivation may be significant during future great earthquakes occurring near the Oregon Coast. Constant displacement rate tests indicated that shear strength decreased exponentially during the first few decimeters of displacement but increased logarithmically with increasing displacement rate when sheared at 0.001 cm s(-1) or greater. Dynamic shear resistance estimated from shear strength models correlated well with stresses observed during seismic loading tests, indicating that displacement rate and amount primarily controlled failure characteristics. We developed a stress-based approach to estimate coseismic landslide displacement that utilizes the variable shear strength model. The approach produced results that compared favorably to observations made during seismic loading tests, indicating its utility for application to landslides.
C1 [Schulz, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological
   Survey; Kyoto University
RP Schulz, WH (corresponding author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM wschulz@usgs.gov
TC 44
Z9 46
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD JUL
PY 2014
VL 119
IS 7
BP 1617
EP 1635
DI 10.1002/2014JF003088
SC Geology
UT WOS:000342515600010
ER

PT J
AU Li, CQ
   Zhang, J
   Gao, LC
   Chen, XL
   Ma, SY
   Yuan, RM
AF Li, Chengqiu
   Zhang, Jing
   Gao, Lichan
   Chen, Xiaoli
   Ma, Siyuan
   Yuan, Renmao
TI Spatial Clustering and distribution characteristics of large landslides
   in the Yalong River Basin, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Yalong River Basin; Large landslides; Spatial analysis; Distribution
   characteristics
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU EVIDENCE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EASTERN MARGIN;
   STRIKE-SLIP; DISPLACEMENT; EVOLUTION; PATTERN; HAZARD; FAULT
AB The Yalong River Basin (YRB), situated on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is characterized by high vertical erosion rates, rugged terrain, narrow gorges, and steep hill slopes, which host many large landslides. Analyze the distribution characteristics of landslides in this region is significant for understanding geomorphic evolution and assessing potential landslide risks. In the current study, a landslide database for the Yalong River was initially established based on remote sensing interpretation and field investigation. A total of 729 landslides were mapped, including 191 medium-scale and 538 large-scale landslides. According to the updated Varnes classification, 538 large landslides (73.8 %) were recognized and divided into four major types: slides (344 cases), flows (109 cases), topples (56 cases), and slope deformations (29 cases). The total area of these landslides was 886.2 km2, and they were predominantly concentrated in the alpine canyon areas along the middle segment of the Yalong River. Based on integrated kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation, three landslide cluster zones (A, B, and C) were identified, with zone B showing the highest concentration of large landslides. Statistical results indicate that large landslides are concentrated in areas with elevations of 1500-3500 m, slopes of 20 degrees-40 degrees, topographic reliefs of 400-600 m, and dominant aspects being E, SE and SW. Active faults in the YRB play a crucial role in the formation and spatial distribution of landslides, showing a notable correlation with fault geometry, arrangement, and movement types.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan; Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Ma, SY; Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM masiyuan@ies.ac.cn; yuanrenmao@ies.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 15
PY 2025
VL 475
AR 109667
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109667
EA FEB 2025
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001428258500001
ER

PT J
AU Brain, MJ
   Moya, S
   Kincey, ME
   Tunstall, N
   Petley, DN
   Sepúlveda, SA
AF Brain, Matthew J.
   Moya, Sebastian
   Kincey, Mark E.
   Tunstall, Neil
   Petley, David N.
   Sepulveda, Sergio A.
TI Controls on Post-Seismic Landslide Behavior in Brittle Rocks
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE landslide; earthquake; post-seismic; geotechnical testing; path
   dependence; dynamic loading
ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DIRECT SHEAR
   TESTS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ASPERITY DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR;
   PROGRESSIVE FAILURE; CRACK-PROPAGATION; PATH DEPENDENCY; SLOPE FAILURES
AB Earthquakes trigger widespread landsliding in tectonically active landscapes. The effects of strong ground shaking on hillslope stability persist into the post-seismic stage; rates of landsliding remain elevated in the years following an earthquake. The mechanisms that control the spatial pattern and rate of ongoing landsliding are poorly constrained, hindering our ability to reliably forecast how landscapes and landslide hazard evolve. To address this, we undertook a detailed geotechnical investigation in which we subjected representative rock samples to dynamic loading, simulating the effects of earthquake ground shaking on hillslopes of different configuration. Our results indicate that post-seismic hillslope strength is not an intrinsic rock property; rather, it responds to the amplitude of imposed dynamic loads and the degree of pre-existing shear surface formation within the rock. This path-dependent behavior results from differences in the character of fractures generated by dynamic loads of different amplitude, and the ways in which apertures are mobilized or degraded in subsequent (post-seismic) shearing. Sensitivity to dynamic loading amplitude is greater in shallow landslides in which shear surfaces are yet to fully form; such hillslopes can be strengthened or weakened by earthquake events, depending on their characteristics. In contrast, deeper landslides on steeper hillslopes in which shear surfaces have largely developed are less likely to display differences in behavior in response to dynamic loading because strain accumulation along pre-existing fractures is dominant. Our results demonstrate the need to consider path-dependent hillslope stability in numerical models used to forecast how landscapes respond to earthquakes and how post-seismic hazard evolves.
C1 [Brain, Matthew J.; Kincey, Mark E.; Tunstall, Neil] Univ Durham, Lower Mountjoy, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Moya, Sebastian; Sepulveda, Sergio A.] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile.
   [Petley, David N.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Sepulveda, Sergio A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
C3 Durham University; Universidad de Chile; University of Sheffield; Simon
   Fraser University
RP Brain, MJ (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Lower Mountjoy, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
EM matthew.brain@durham.ac.uk
TC 17
Z9 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 126
IS 9
AR e2021JF006242
DI 10.1029/2021JF006242
SC Geology
UT WOS:000702256600009
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Xu, C
   Ma, SY
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Chong
   Ma, Siyuan
TI Preliminary Analysis of Coseismic Landslides Induced by the 1 June 2022
   Ms 6.1 Lushan Earthquake, China
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE coseismic landslide; Lushan earthquake; landslide inventory; spatial
   analysis; influencing factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TOPOGRAPHY CONTROL;
   SEISMIC RESPONSE; FAULT; INVENTORY; INSIGHTS; PATTERN; IMPACT; REGION
AB At 17:00 (UTC+8) on 1 June 2022, an Ms 6.1 reverse earthquake struck Lushan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. This earthquake event had a focal depth of 10 km and the epicenter was located at 30.37 degrees N and 102.94 degrees E. The purpose of this study is to document a comprehensive coseismic landslide inventory for this event and analyze the distribution pattern and factors controlling the landslides. After careful visual interpretations, this quake event was determined to have in total triggered about 2352 landslides in an area of 3900 km(2), including both shallow disrupted landslides and collapses, for which the spatial distribution was statistically related to regional topography, geology, and seismicity. Notably, a vast majority of the landslides were located on the NW plate of the seismogenic fault, and were distributed in the area with a seismic intensity of VII. In addition, coseismic landslides were more likely to appear in areas with high altitude, relief, and large slope. The landslide area density (LAD) increased with an increase in the above factors and is explained by an exponential relationship, indicating that the occurrence of coseismic landslides in this area was more easily affected by topographic factors than seismic factors. Most small-scale landslides were clustered in the ridge area, which shows the seismic amplification effects of mountain slopes. Due to the impact of seismic wave propagation direction, hillslopes facing northeast-east (NE-E) were more prone to collapse than southwest-facing ones. Based on the distribution pattern of the landslides, we suggest that the seismogenic fault of this event was NW dipping. These findings indicate that it is effective to identify the dipping of seismogenic faults using the spatial distribution pattern of coseismic landslides.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Minist Emergency Management China, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Landslide Risk Early Warning & Control, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Minist Emergency Management China, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Landslide Risk Early Warning & Control, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 19
Z9 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 24
AR 16554
DI 10.3390/su142416554
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000903335200001
ER

PT J
AU Robinson, TR
   Davies, TRH
AF Robinson, T. R.
   Davies, T. R. H.
TI Review Article: Potential geomorphic consequences of a future great
   (Mw=8.0+) Alpine Fault earthquake, South Island, New
   Zealand
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Review
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; W 6.2 CHRISTCHURCH; DAM-BREAK FLOOD; HOPE
   FAULT; ROCK AVALANCHES; CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKE; DARFIELD CANTERBURY;
   NORTH-CANTERBURY; SOUND EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE RUPTURE
AB The Alpine Fault in New Zealand's South Island has not sustained a large magnitude earthquake since ca. AD 1717. The time since this rupture is close to the average inferred recurrence interval of the fault (similar to 300 yr). The Alpine Fault is therefore expected to generate a large magnitude earthquake in the near future. Previous ruptures of this fault are inferred to have generated M-w = 8.0 or greater earthquakes and to have resulted in, amongst other geomorphic hazards, large-scale landslides and landslide dams throughout the Southern Alps. There is currently 85% probability that the Alpine Fault will cause a M-w = 8.0+ earthquake within the next 100 yr. While the seismic hazard is fairly well understood, that of the consequential geomorphic activity is less well studied, and these consequences are explored herein. They are expected to include landsliding, landslide damming, dam-break flooding, debris flows, river aggradation, liquefaction, and landslide-generated lake/fiord tsunami. Using evidence from previous events within New Zealand as well as analogous international examples, we develop first-order estimates of the likely magnitude and possible locations of the geomorphic effects associated with earthquakes. Landsliding is expected to affect an area > 30000 km(2) and involve > 1 billionm(3) of material. Some tens of landslide dams are expected to occur in narrow, steep-sided gorges in the affected region. Debris flows will be generated in the first long-duration rainfall after the earthquake and will continue to occur for several years as rainfall (re) mobilises landslide material. In total more than 1000 debris flows are likely to be generated at some time after the earthquake. Aggradation of up to 3m will cover an area > 125 km(2) and is likely to occur on many West Coast alluvial fans and floodplains. The impact of these effects will be felt across the entire South Island and is likely to continue for several decades.
C1 [Robinson, T. R.; Davies, T. R. H.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
C3 University of Canterbury
RP Robinson, TR (corresponding author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
EM tom.robinson@pg.canterbury.ac.nz; tim.davies@canterbury.ac.nz
TC 39
Z9 44
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2013
VL 13
IS 9
BP 2279
EP 2299
DI 10.5194/nhess-13-2279-2013
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000325348300011
ER

PT J
AU Basaran, N
   Cinal, GA
   Eroglu, E
AF Basaran, Nermin
   Cinal, Gamze Akdogan
   Eroglu, Engin
TI Soil organic carbon exchange due to the change in land use
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
DT Article
DE D & uuml;zce earthquake; Ecological restoration; Land use transfer; Soil
   organic carbon loss
ID 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STOCKS; SEQUESTRATION;
   VEGETATION; REGION; IZMIT; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; VARIABILITY
AB This study analyses the decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks due to changes in land use following the earthquake in D & uuml;zce, Turkey, 1999. The primary objective of the study is to determine the changes in land use within D & uuml;zce and to provide a multi-dimensional approach to the spatial and quantitative distributions of SOC losses. Corine Land Use- Land Cover (LULC) within the study is used to determine the change in land use. The loss of LULC and carbon stocks were identified by means of LULC with transfer matrix method and GIS-based analysis. The study of land-use change caused by urbanisation and agricultural activity shows that the limited green spaces around the urban core created by degrading natural areas do not compensate for the loss of SOC. SOC stocks decline after the land use changes from agricultural regions to artificial areas (- 5%), Natural- Semi-natural (N-SN) regions to artificial areas (- 15%), N-SN areas to agricultural areas (- 20.9%) and agricultural areas to water bodies (- 9%), and SOC stocks increase after land use changes from artificial areas to N-SN areas (+ 29.6%), artificial areas to agricultural areas (+ 8%), agricultural areas to N-SN areas (+ 25%). However, in some agricultural areas, SOC stocks are similar to semi-natural and natural areas. For instance, in sparsely vegetated areas, SOC stocks from fruit and berry plantations may be poor. Although it is generally assumed that SOC loss can occur on land transformed from natural areas, this rule of thumb may be revised in some particular circumstances. Therefore, local ecological restoration decisions should not be based on land cover generalisations.
C1 [Basaran, Nermin; Cinal, Gamze Akdogan; Eroglu, Engin] Duzce Univ, Konuralp Campus Yoruk St Ctr DUZCE, Duzce, Turkiye.
C3 Duzce University
RP Basaran, N; Cinal, GA (corresponding author), Duzce Univ, Konuralp Campus Yoruk St Ctr DUZCE, Duzce, Turkiye.
EM nerminbasaran@duzce.edu.tr; gamzeakd24@gmail.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1352-8505
EI 1573-3009
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 31
IS 3
BP 725
EP 748
DI 10.1007/s10651-024-00617-7
EA JUN 2024
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics
UT WOS:001242127800001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Zhou, Q
   Liu, CG
AF Chen Xiaoli
   Zhou Qing
   Liu Chunguo
TI Distribution pattern of coseismic landslides triggered by the 2014
   Ludian, Yunnan, China Mw6.1 earthquake: special controlling conditions
   of local topography
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE The 2014 Ludian earthquake; Coseimic landslides; Landslide area ratios;
   Local topographic conditions; Seismic source process
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA; FAULT
AB The distribution of coseismic landslides triggered by the 2014 Ludian, Yunnan, China Mw6.1 earthquake exhibits a particular pattern. They do not concentrate linearly along a fault (e.g., the causative fault) or a tectonic zone, instead mostly appear in the southeast and west of the epicenter of the main shock in a relatively clustering manner, 5-9 km distant. Majority of them occur at the river reaches with cliffs, including the unusually large-scale landslide at the Hongshiyan village, north bank of the Njiulanjiang River. Such a phenomenon implies that local conditions of terrain of the river valley might control the distribution of coseismic landslides induced by the Ludian event, which is of a moderate magnitude. To verify quantitatively this intuitive conjecture, this study proposes a parameter of the relative landslide area ratio, with which a statistics is made for landslide area ratios and local terrain conditions. The results demonstrate that this ratio value is highly correlated with the three terrain variables, i.e., slope angle, local relief, and slope aspect (facing direction of the slope). In the study area, most coseismic landslides occur at loci with slope angle greater than 30A degrees-40A degrees, particularly the river reaches with slope angle exceeding 50A degrees. Localized distribution of the landslides is positively correlated with terrain relief, of which majority lies at places with altitude differences over 400 m. The side slopes facing south and southeast are most prone to occurrence of coseismic landslides, which may be explained by the mainshock process that the seismogenic fault ruptured from northwest to southeast and from deep to shallow. It may also be an account on which there is no coseismic landslide southwest of the epicenter, though there also exist river reaches with steep slopes. It means that the seismic source process can pose a constraint on the control of local terrain conditions on the distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides.
TC 34
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 6
BP 1159
EP 1168
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0641-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000366124000010
ER

PT J
AU Dai, LX
   Fan, XM
   Jansen, JD
   Xu, Q
AF Dai, Lanxin
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Jansen, John D.
   Xu, Qiang
TI Landslides and fluvial response to landsliding induced by the 1933 Diexi
   earthquake, Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Diexi earthquake; Landslide dam; Sediment yield; Fluvial response;
   Erosion; Tibetan Plateau
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; DEBRIS FLOWS; SEDIMENT;
   IMPACT; LAKE; POSTEARTHQUAKE; TRANSPORT; EROSION; SLOPES
AB On 25 August 1933, a 7.5-magnitude earthquake struck the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in Sichuan, China. The Diexi earthquake is among the largest known geohazard events worldwide and is frequently cited by those studying the effects of large earthquakes. And yet, the attention focused on this event has failed to deliver a clear picture of landslides and their geomorphic impacts-key attributes of the Diexi earthquake and its aftermath remain obscure and debated. By integrating present-day LiDAR topographic data with existing records (including studies published in Chinese), and a series of unique archival photographs (from 1910, 1920, and 1934), we present the first inventory of coseismic landslides from the epicentral region of this catastrophic 1933 event. We find that the earthquake-triggered landslides were mainly of shallow to deep rock/debris fall/avalanche type, containing mass detached from steep slopes at the top of the mountain ridge source. We reinterpreted three major landslide dams on the Minjiang River based on their geomorphology and sedimentology, and we reconstructed the processes of impoundment and the maximum area of the dammed lake that breached 45 days after the earthquake. Since 1933, we estimate that 43.15-47.68 million m(3) of post-earthquake sediment has been delivered to valley floors from the erosion of the three landslide dams, with a sediment yield of up to 131.71 t km(-2) year(-1). Retrospective studies of the effects of historical earthquakes are challenging, but long-term observations like these are the cornerstone of emerging knowledge of earthquake-induced landsliding and related landscape response.
C1 [Dai, Lanxin; Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Jansen, John D.] Czech Acad Sci, GFU Inst Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 22
Z9 24
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 9
BP 3011
EP 3025
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01717-2
EA JUN 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000666887100001
ER

PT J
AU Dong, J
   Zhang, L
   Liao, MS
   Gong, JY
AF Dong, Jie
   Zhang, Lu
   Liao, Mingsheng
   Gong, Jianya
TI Improved correction of seasonal tropospheric delay in InSAR observations
   for landslide deformation monitoring
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Time series InSAR; Seasonal tropospheric delays; Iterative
   linear model; Weather models
ID RADAR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SERIES SAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE
   DEFORMATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; XINMO LANDSLIDE; SENTINEL-1 TOPS; GPS;
   MODEL; INTERFEROGRAMS; COMBINATION
AB Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) provides an effective tool to study slow-moving landslides. However, InSAR observations are often contaminated by tropospheric artefacts due to spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric refractivity. Particularly, the topography-dependent stratified delays may introduce seasonal oscillation biases into InSAR-measured deformation time series under steep terrains, which cannot be removed by conventional spatial and temporal filtering. In this study we proposed two complementary approaches to correct the stratified tropospheric delays for time series InSAR analysis when studying single landslides. One is the Iterative Linear Model (ILM) as an improved version of the traditional Linear Model (LM). The other is to fuse tropospheric delays predicted by several global weather models (FDWM) with different temporal intervals and spatial resolutions. Both methods are integrated into the standard Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) time series analysis procedure. We evaluated the proposed methods in three landslide-prone areas in southwest China using Sentinel-1 datasets. The experimental results demonstrated that the ILM method removed the seasonal stratified delays mixed in deformation time series, unaffected by the deforming points. The FDWM method achieved an optimal combination of tropospheric delay predictions by four weather models, i.e. ERA-Interim, ERAS, HRES ECMWF, and MERRA-2. Validations using in-situ GPS measurements suggested that the original Root Mean Squared (RMS) values of interferometric phases declined by more than 35% after both ILM and FDWM corrections. The ILM had better performances than the FDWM to correct stratified delay for single landslides, whereas the FDWM can be an effective alternative when the ILM is inapplicable in case of limited coherent points.
C1 [Dong, Jie; Gong, Jianya] Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Jie; Zhang, Lu; Liao, Mingsheng; Gong, Jianya] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University; Wuhan University
RP Zhang, L (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM luzhang@whu.edu.cn
TC 89
Z9 101
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD NOV
PY 2019
VL 233
AR 111370
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111370
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000497601000018
ER

PT J
AU Guo, CW
   Huang, YD
   Yao, LK
   Alradi, H
AF Guo Chen-wen
   Huang Yi-dan
   Yao Ling-kan
   Alradi, Helal
TI Size and spatial distribution of landslides induced by the 2015 Gorkha
   earthquake in the Bhote Koshi river watershed
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide distribution; Gorkha earthquake; Himalaya; Cellular automata;
   selforganized criticality
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; NEPAL; INVENTORIES;
   INITIATION; EVOLUTION
AB The Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal on April 25, 2015, produced thousands of landslides in the Himalayan mountain range. After the earthquake, two field investigations along Araniko Highway were conducted. Then, using remote sensing technology and geographic information system (GIS) technology, 1481 landslides were identified along the Bhote Koshi river. Correlations between the spatial distribution of landslides with slope gradient and lithology were analyzed. The power-law relationship of the size distribution of earthquake-induced landslides was examined in both the Higher Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya. Possible reasons for the variability of the power exponent were explored by examining differences in the geological situations of these areas. Multi-threshold cellular automata were introduced to model the complexity of system components. Most of the landslides occurred at slope gradients of 30 degrees-40 degrees, and the landslide density was positively correlated with slope gradient. Landslides in hard rock areas were more common than in soft rock areas. The cumulative number-area distribution of landslides induced by the Gorkha earthquake exhibited a negative power-law relationship, but the power exponents were different: 1.13 in the Higher Himalaya, 1.36 and Lesser Himalaya. Furthermore, the geological conditions were more complex and varied in the Lesser Himalaya than in the Higher Himalaya, and the cellular automata simulation results indicated that, as the complexity of system components increased, the power exponent increased. Therefore, the variability of the power exponent of landslide size distribution should ascribe to the complexity of geological situations in the Bhote Koshi river watershed.
C1 [Guo Chen-wen; Huang Yi-dan; Yao Ling-kan; Alradi, Helal] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang Yi-dan; Yao Ling-kan] Sichuan Key Lab Seism Engn & Technol, Rd & Railway Engn Res Inst, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang Yi-dan; Yao Ling-kan] MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Huang, YD (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Huang, YD (corresponding author), Sichuan Key Lab Seism Engn & Technol, Rd & Railway Engn Res Inst, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Huang, YD (corresponding author), MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hbgcw1989@163.com; huangyidan@home.swjtu.edu.cn;
   yaolk@home.swjtu.edu.cn; helalalradi@hotmail.com
TC 19
Z9 23
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 10
BP 1938
EP 1950
DI 10.1007/s11629-016-4140-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000412313000003
ER

PT J
AU Duan, YY
   Luo, J
   Pei, XJ
   Liu, Z
AF Duan, Yuying
   Luo, Jing
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Liu, Zhuo
TI Co-Seismic Landslides Triggered by the 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian Earthquake,
   Yunnan, China: Spatial Distribution, Directional Effect, and Controlling
   Factors
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian earthquake; co-seismic landslide susceptibility;
   random forest; ground motion parameters; directional effect
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GEO-HAZARDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAULT; IDENTIFICATION;
   DIRECTIVITY; PREDICTION; INTENSITY
AB The 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian earthquake exhibited a structurally complex source rupture process and an unusual spatial distribution pattern of co-seismic landslides. In this study, we constructed a spatial database consisting of 1470 co-seismic landslides, each exceeding 500 m2. These landslides covered a total area of 8.43 km2 and were identified through a comprehensive interpretation of high-resolution satellite images taken before and after the earthquake. It is noteworthy that the co-seismic landslides do not exhibit a linear concentration along the seismogenic fault; instead, they predominantly extend along major river systems with an NE-SW trend. Moreover, the southwest-facing slopes have the highest landslide area ratio of 1.41. To evaluate the susceptibility of the Ludian earthquake-triggered landslides, we performed a random forest model that considered topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to rivers), geological factors (lithology), and seismic factors (ground motion parameters, epicentral distance, distance to the seismogenic fault). Our analysis revealed that the distance to rivers and elevation were the primary factors influencing the spatial distribution of the Ludian earthquake-triggered landslides. When we considered the directional variation in ground motion parameters, the AUC of the model slightly decreased. However, incorporating this variation led to a significant reduction in the proportion of areas classified as "high" and "very high" landslide susceptibility. Moreover, SEDd emerged as the most effective ground motion parameter for interpreting the distribution of the co-seismic landslides when compared to PGAd, PGVd, and Iad.
C1 [Duan, Yuying; Luo, Jing; Pei, Xiangjun; Liu, Zhuo] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Luo, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM duanyuying@stu.cdut.edu.cn; luoj@cdut.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 6
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 18
AR 4444
DI 10.3390/rs15184444
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001074863600001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Xu, Q
   Scaringi, G
   Dai, LX
   Li, WL
   Dong, XJ
   Zhu, X
   Pei, XJ
   Dai, KR
   Havenith, HB
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Xu, Qiang
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Dai, Lanxin
   Li, Weile
   Dong, Xiujun
   Zhu, Xing
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Dai, Keren
   Havenith, Hans-Balder
TI Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo
   landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Landslide; Diexi earthquake; Failure mechanism; UAV and
   InSAR
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SOUTHWEST; DYNAMICS;
   FLOW
AB At 5:38 am on the 24th June, 2017, a catastrophic rock avalanche destroyed the whole village of Xinmo, in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. About 4.3 million m(3) of rock detached from the crest of the mountain, gained momentum along a steep hillslope, entrained a large amount of pre-existing deposits, and hit the village at a velocity of 250 km/h. The impact produced a seismic shaking of ML = 2.3 magnitude. The sliding mass dammed the Songping gully with an accumulation body of 13 million m(3). The avalanche buried 64 houses; 10 people were killed and 73 were reported missing. The event raised great concerns both in China and worldwide. Extensive field investigation, satellite remote sensing, UAV aerial photography, and seismic analysis allowed to identify the main kinematic features, the dynamic process, and the triggering mechanism of the event. With the aid of ground-based synthetic aperture radar monitoring, the hazard deriving from potential further instabilities in the source area has been assessed. The preliminary results suggest that the landslide was triggered by the failure of a rock mass, which had been already weakened by the M-s 7.5 Diexi earthquake in 1933. Several major earthquakes since then, and the long-term effect of gravity and rainfall, contributed to the mass failure. The high elevation, slope angle, and vegetation cover in the source area hinder geological field investigation and make hazard assessment difficult. Nonetheless, monitoring and prevention of similar collapses in mountainous areas must be carried out to protect human lives and infrastructures. To this aim, the integrated use of modern high-precision observation technologies is strongly encouraged.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Scaringi, Gianvito; Dai, Lanxin; Li, Weile; Dong, Xiujun; Zhu, Xing; Pei, Xiangjun; Dai, Keren] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Havenith, Hans-Balder] Univ Liege, Dept Geol, Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Liege
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 263
Z9 308
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 6
BP 2129
EP 2146
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0907-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000416361600019
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, XB
   Du, XH
   Zhou, JP
   Yang, ZR
   Jiang, T
   Chen, WL
AF Zhou, Xingbo
   Du, Xiaohu
   Zhou, Jianping
   Yang, Ziru
   Jiang, Ting
   Chen, Wenlong
TI Draining the Successive Baige Barrier Lakes, China: Insight into the
   Emergency Response
SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Risk analysis; Flooding hazard; Emergency actions
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK ANALYSIS; DAMMED LAKES
AB In order to study the technology of emergency disposal and provide insights into the landslide dam breach and rescue processes, a hyperbolic erosion dam breach model was used to predict the peak discharges of 10.11 and 11.03 Baige barrier lakes in the upper reach of the Jinsha River in northwest of China on October and November 2018. The results showed peak discharge values of 10,000 and 44,370 m3/s in the 10.11 and 11.03 Baige barrier lakes, respectively. Therefore, it is proposed to conduct a series of emergency disposals of the 11.03 barrier lake, including manual excavation of a drainage channel, demolition of the cofferdam at the Suwalong Hydropower Station under construction, and discharge of the Liyuan Hydropower Station Reservoir in operation. For the 11.03 barrier lake, the obtained results showed that: (1) the excavation of a 13.5 m deep drainage channel reduced the peak discharge by 24%, which is consistent with the predicted peak discharge of 34,400 m3/s. (2) The demolition of the cofferdam of the Suwalong Station under construction avoids superimposing and magnification of the flood peak. Indeed, in the absence of this measure, the peak discharge might be 1.6 times its original size. The demolition of the cofferdam reduced the impact of peak discharge on downstream areas. (3) The Liyuan Reservoir effectively decreased the peak discharge by 37%, thereby reducing the flood control pressure of the downstream cascade stations and minimizing the flood disaster-related losses through the joint dispatch of the cascade reservoirs. (4) The joint emergency response mechanisms, such as joint interministerial consultation, central-local government coordination, emergency response social mobilization, and joint dispatch of cascade reservoirs, were important and effective in the Baige landslide dams disposal. The present paper provides a systematic back analysis and further insights into the rescue process, key technologies, and emergency measures for the successive barrier lakes. It also provides a reference for emergency rescue of similar landslide dams and risk control of cascade hydropower stations in river basins.
C1 [Zhou, Xingbo; Du, Xiaohu; Yang, Ziru; Jiang, Ting; Chen, Wenlong] China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Dept Hydropower Engn Res, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xingbo; Du, Xiaohu; Yang, Ziru; Jiang, Ting; Chen, Wenlong] MEM, Natl Ctr Flood Control & Drought Relief Technol Re, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jianping] Power Construct Corp China, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
RP Zhou, XB (corresponding author), China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Dept Hydropower Engn Res, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.; Zhou, XB (corresponding author), MEM, Natl Ctr Flood Control & Drought Relief Technol Re, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
EM zhou_xingbo@126.com; duxh@creei.cn; zjp@powerchina.cn; yangzr@creei.cn;
   jiangting@creei.cn; chenwl@creei.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1527-6988
EI 1527-6996
PD AUG 1
PY 2024
VL 25
IS 3
AR 05024006
DI 10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-2052
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001247592800023
ER

PT J
AU Peng, JB
   Zhuang, JQ
   Wang, GH
   Dai, FC
   Zhang, FY
   Huang, WL
   Xu, Q
AF Peng, Jianbing
   Zhuang, Jianqi
   Wang, Gonghui
   Dai, Fuchu
   Zhang, Fanyu
   Huang, Weiliang
   Xu, Qiang
TI Liquefaction of loess landslides as a consequence of irrigation
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DT Article
ID 1920 HAIYUAN EARTHQUAKE; HEAVY RAINFALL; DEBRIS FLOW; SHEAR TESTS;
   CHINA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PLATEAU; MODEL; SANDS
AB Most landslides on the Loess Tableland (Shaanxi, China) are of the sliding-flow type, with long run-out distances. These landslides, which tend to be triggered by irrigation, result in loss of life and damage to infrastructure. In order to reveal the characteristics and mechanisms of sliding-flow landslides, field investigations, surveys and indoor tests, including consolidated undrained triaxial tests and ring-shear tests, were conducted. The apparent friction of sliding-flow loess landslides triggered by irrigation in the study area ranged from 0.01 to 0.25, with a mean of 0.159. These values are lower than those associated with the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake. The deviation stress decreased to about 99% of its peak value, while the path of the effective stress revealed that the effective normal stress approached zero. Consequently, saturated loess samples were highly liquefiable under consolidated undrained triaxial tests. The pore pressures increased sharply and up to their peak value (mean of 130 kPa), corresponding to 92% of the applied normal stress. The path of effective stress did not reach the failure line. The loose structure and macro-pore content of loess provide the framework for static liquefaction to occur as a consequence of the generation of fine particles.
C1 [Peng, Jianbing; Zhuang, Jianqi; Huang, Weiliang] Surveying Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Jianqi; Xu, Qiang] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geol Prevent, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Landslides, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Architecture & Civil Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Fanyu] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Mech, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University; Beijing University
   of Technology; Lanzhou University
RP Zhuang, JQ (corresponding author), Surveying Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.; Zhuang, JQ; Xu, Q (corresponding author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geol Prevent, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM rockfans09@163.com
TC 46
Z9 49
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1470-9236
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 51
IS 3
BP 330
EP 337
DI 10.1144/qjegh2017-098
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000440571200004
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WH
   Xu, YR
   Guo, XY
   Li, WQ
   Du, P
   Tian, QJ
AF Zhang, Weiheng
   Xu, Yueren
   Guo, Xinyi
   Li, Wenqiao
   Du, Peng
   Tian, Qinjian
TI Distribution and Characteristics of Damming Landslides Triggered by 1920
   M∼8 Haiyuan Earthquake, NW China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE 1920 Haiyuan M similar to 8 earthquake; earthquake-triggered landslides;
   damming landslides; Loess Plateau; geomorphological characteristics;
   landscape evolution
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOESS PLATEAU; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LIQUEFACTION;
   PREDICTION; EROSION; GEOLOGY; REGION; FAULT; ZONE
AB Earthquake-triggered damming landslides threaten downstream residents and affect the regional landscape by disrupting water and sediment fluxes. Therefore, it is essential to study the distribution characteristics and distinctive controlling factors of earthquake-triggered damming landslides to provide a reference for treating landslide dams caused by damming landslides. This study uses the 1920 M similar to 8 Haiyuan earthquake-triggered landslides as an example to study the characteristics and topographic effects of damming landslides in the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China. A detailed Haiyuan-earthquake-triggered damming landslide inventory was established. The statistics of terrain, geology, seismic factors, and information gain rankings were used to quantify the significance of the controlling factors. The aspect ratio, equivalent coefficient of friction, area, and slope position was calculated. Damming landslides' distinctive geomorphic and morphological characteristics were summarized through comparisons with non-damming landslides. The results showed that damming landslides were concentrated in areas with thick loess sediment, low relief, and close proximity to a river. Loess thickness was the most critical control factor among them. Damming landslides have the geomorphological characteristics of a large ratio of length to width (L/W), a low ratio of height to length (H/L), large scales, and entire-slope failure. Moreover, damming landslides can transform the topography of the Loess Plateau through their long-term effects. These findings highlight the characteristics of damming landslides in the Loess Plateau and supplement the global landslide dam inventory. They provide a reference for assisting in earthquake-triggered damming landslides treatments in the Loess Plateau.
C1 [Zhang, Weiheng] China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Weiheng; Xu, Yueren; Li, Wenqiao; Tian, Qinjian] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xinyi] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Peng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Zhuhai 519080, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Sun Yat Sen University
RP Xu, YR (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
EM zwh@ies.ac.cn; xuyr@ief.ac.cn; guoxy@aircas.ac.cn; liwenqiao@ief.ac.cn;
   dupeng7@mail2.sysu.edu; tianqj@263.net
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 10
AR 2427
DI 10.3390/rs14102427
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000802380700001
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Cui, P
   Ye, CM
   Marcato, J Jr
   Zhang, ZT
   Guo, J
   Li, J
AF Li, Yao
   Cui, Peng
   Ye, Chengming
   Marcato Junior, Jose
   Zhang, Zhengtao
   Guo, Jian
   Li, Jonathan
TI Accurate Prediction of Earthquake-Induced Landslides Based on Deep
   Learning Considering Landslide Source Area
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE spatial prediction; earthquake-induced landslide; source area feature;
   stacked autoencoder
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; NEURAL-NETWORKS; RANDOM FOREST;
   CLASSIFICATION; STABILITY; PROVINCE; SICHUAN; MODELS; HAZARD; REGION
AB An earthquake-induced landslide (EQIL) is a rapidly changing process occurring at the Earth's surface that is strongly controlled by the earthquake in question and predisposing conditions. Predicting locations prone to EQILs on a large scale is significant for managing rescue operations and disaster mitigation. We propose a deep learning framework while considering the source area feature of EQIL to model the complex relationship and enhance spatial prediction accuracy. Initially, we used high-resolution remote sensing images and a digital elevation model (DEM) to extract the source area of an EQIL. Then, 14 controlling factors were input to a stacked autoencoder (SAE) to search for robust features by sparse optimization, and the classifier took advantage of high-level abstract features to identify the EQIL spatially. Finally, the EQIL inventory collected from the Wenchuan earthquake was used to validate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperformed conventional methods, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) of 91.88%, while logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) achieved 80.75%, 82.22%, and 84.16%, respectively. Meanwhile, this study reveals that shallow machine learning models only take advantage of significant factors for EQIL prediction, but deep learning models can extract more effective information related to EQIL distribution from low-value density data, which is why its prediction accuracy is growing with increasing input factors. There is hope that new knowledge of EQILs can be represented by high-level abstract features extracted by hidden layers of the deep learning model, which are typically acquired by statistical methods.
C1 [Li, Yao; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yao; Cui, Peng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Ye, Chengming] Chengdu Univ Technol, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Marcato Junior, Jose] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Engn Architecture & Urbanism & Geog, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
   [Zhang, Zhengtao] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Minist Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhengtao] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Jian] Changan Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jonathan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Universidade
   Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal
   University; Chang'an University; University of Waterloo
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM yaoli@imde.ac.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; yechengming@cdut.edu.cn;
   jose.marcato@ufms.br; zhangzhengtao@bnu.edu.cn; jianguo@chd.edu.cn;
   junli@uwaterloo.ca
TC 23
Z9 27
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 17
AR 3436
DI 10.3390/rs13173436
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000694534300001
ER

PT J
AU Saade, A
   Abou-Jaoude, G
   Wartman, J
AF Saade, Angela
   Abou-Jaoude, Grace
   Wartman, Joseph
TI Regional-scale co-seismic landslide assessment using limit equilibrium
   analysis
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Regional; Co-seismic; Landslide assessment; Slip surfaces; Newmark
   sliding block; Geographic Information System
ID STABILITY CHARTS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SLOPES; FAILURE; HAZARD; AREA; GIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB Traditionally, regional assessment of seismic slope stability has been done using the infinite slope-rigid sliding block analysis. A major disadvantage of this approach is the resulting overestimation of the critical acceleration of the slope due to the underlying assumption of a predefined slope failure plane, and consequently the underestimation of hazard areas prone to sliding. In this paper, we present a modified approach for assessing seismic slope instabilities using a model based on limit equilibrium analysis and circular slip surfaces with no restriction to any predefined slope failure plane. For this purpose, we conduct a parametric study to identify the relationship between the critical acceleration of the slope, the slope angle, and the slope shear strength parameters. We model typical slopes in the Rocscience software SLIDE using Bishop's limit equilibrium method to identify the critical accelerations that corresponds to a failure plane with factor of safety equal to one. The critical accelerations were plotted against the variables in the parametric study and the best fit equations were obtained. The proposed approach was developed for global application but it was tested using the well-documented co-seismic landslide database of the 1994 Northridge, CA earthquake. The predicted sliding areas were compared to the inventory of landslides that were triggered in the Val Verde region in Los Angeles by the earthquake. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the proposed model clearly show its advantages in predicting potential sliding areas. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saade, Angela; Abou-Jaoude, Grace] Lebanese Amer Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lebanon, NH USA.
   [Wartman, Joseph] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
C3 Lebanese American University; University of Washington; University of
   Washington Seattle
RP Abou-Jaoude, G (corresponding author), Lebanese Amer Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lebanon, NH USA.
EM grace.aboujaoude@lau.edu.lb
TC 52
Z9 56
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR 8
PY 2016
VL 204
BP 53
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.02.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000373540400006
ER

PT J
AU Kilgore, A
   Restrepo, C
AF Kilgore, Ana
   Restrepo, Carla
TI Integrating Hyperspectral Imaging, Plant Functional Diversity, and
   Soil-Lithology to Uncover Mountainscape Disturbance Dynamics Induced by
   Landsliding
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Review
DE functional diversity; hyperspectral remote sensing; landslides; LiDAR;
   plant functional traits; soil-rock attributes; spectral diversity;
   tropical mountainscapes
ID LAND-COVER; VEGETATION RECOVERY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PHYSIOLOGICAL
   STATUS; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; SPECTRAL DIVERSITY; FOREST STRUCTURE;
   CANOPY NITROGEN; NATIONAL-PARK; TRAITS
AB The global biodiversity crisis has emphasized the unique contribution of functional diversity to ecosystem function, stability, and resilience. In this regard, the increasing availability of remotely sensed data together with the development of new sensors and approaches has the potential to improve our ability to quantify and monitor ecosystem traits and functions at unprecedented spatial, temporal, and spectral scales. In particular, air- and spaceborne hyperspectral data are making possible the measurement of plant-level functional traits to investigate ecosystem function and functional diversity in novel ways. In this review, we posit that these developments, together with similar ones on soils and lithologies, can help us understand relationships between functional diversity, ecosystem processes, and landsliding, and more broadly the disturbance dynamics of mountainscapes. Acknowledging the challenges associated with mountainous regions, this review aims to (1) synthesize broad established methods to retrieve functional traits from remotely sensed data, (2) summarize approaches to characterize functional diversity derived from remotely sensed functional traits, (3) review work addressing functional diversity, ecosystem functioning, and dynamics of mountainscapes, and (4) elaborate on how these methods and approaches can help develop a needed "ecosystem-centered" view of landslides. This view acknowledges that ecosystem diversity influences both slope resistance and susceptibility to failure and landslide recovery, that interactions between ecosystem and geomorphic processes drive the dynamics of mountainscapes mediated by landslides at multiple scales, and that the variability in landslide size represents a source of diversity while also playing a fundamental role in landslide recovery and landscape memory.
C1 [Kilgore, Ana; Restrepo, Carla] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA.
C3 University of Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras
RP Kilgore, A (corresponding author), Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA.
EM ana.kilgore@upr.edu; crestre@hpcf.upr.edu
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAY 22
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 11
AR 1806
DI 10.3390/rs17111806
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001505830400001
ER

PT J
AU Tian, YY
   Owen, LA
   Xu, C
   Ma, SY
   Li, K
   Xu, XW
   Figueiredo, PM
   Kang, WJ
   Guo, P
   Wang, SY
   Liang, XH
   Maharjan, SB
AF Tian, Yingying
   Owen, Lewis A.
   Xu, Chong
   Ma, Siyuan
   Li, Kang
   Xu, Xiwei
   Figueiredo, Paula Marques
   Kang, Wenjun
   Guo, Peng
   Wang, Siyu
   Liang, Xiaohua
   Maharjan, Sudan Bikash
TI Landslide development within 3 years after the 2015
   Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE 2015 Gorkha earthquake; Nepal; Himalaya; Landsliding; Ground-based
   investigation; UAV photography; Remote sensing
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; LARGE-SCALE
   LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU
   EARTHQUAKE; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; CHINA; SICHUAN; AREA
AB The Araniko and Pasang Lhamu highways are two critical trading routes connecting Nepal and China that are experiencing and are threatened by landsliding. The April 25 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its May 12 M-w 7.3 aftershock in 2015 significantly increased landsliding along these highways. Multi-temporal remote sensing images (pre-seismic to December 2017) on Google Earth, aerial photography acquired in 2018 using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and field investigations and surveys in June 2015, November-December 2017, and April-May 2018 quantify the development of selected landslides after the earthquake along the two highways. These include detailed studies of 39 and 30 landslide locations in 2017 and 2018, respectively, with 14 locations common to both the 2017 and 2018 studies. Only the landslides in five locations showed a slight decrease in activity after the earthquake, and most landslides continued to move and enlarge. More than five new landslides were triggered by monsoon rainfalls in the summers of 2017 and 2018. All the landslides pose significant challenges for infrastructure reconstruction and hazard reduction in the area affected by the Gorkha earthquake, especially along the Araniko and Pasang Lhamu highways. Comparison of landslide debris volume, pre- and post- earthquake rainfalls, and earthquakes that occurred before and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake with the 1999 Chi-Chi, 2005 Kashmir, and 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes show that continuing rainfall after earthquakes and strong aftershock shaking are key factors affecting continued landsliding in these earthquake-effected areas.
C1 [Tian, Yingying; Xu, Chong; Ma, Siyuan; Li, Kang; Xu, Xiwei; Kang, Wenjun; Guo, Peng; Wang, Siyu; Liang, Xiaohua] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Owen, Lewis A.; Figueiredo, Paula Marques] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Xu, Chong; Li, Kang; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Siyu] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
   [Maharjan, Sudan Bikash] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; North
   Carolina State University; China Earthquake Administration; University
   of Victoria
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 44
Z9 48
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 5
BP 1251
EP 1267
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01366-x
EA FEB 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000516016400001
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Xu, C
   Ma, SY
   Zhou, Q
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Chong
   Ma, Siyuan
   Zhou, Qing
TI Effects of Seismogenic Faults on the Predictive Mapping of Probability
   to Earthquake-Triggered Landslides
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE seismogenic fault; Lushan earthquake; co-seismic landslides; landslide
   occurrence probability; LR model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 2013 LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; REAL-TIME PREDICTION;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; WESTERN SICHUAN;
   RUPTURE PROCESS
AB The seismogenic fault is crucial for spatial prediction of co-seismic landslides, e.g., in logistic regression (LR) analysis considering influence factors. On one hand, earthquake-induced landslides are usually densely distributed along the seismogenic fault; on the other hand, different sections of the seismogenic fault may have distinct landslide-triggering capabilities due to their different mechanical properties. However how the feature of a fault influence mapping of landslide occurrence probability remains unclear. Relying on the landslide data of the 2013 Lushan, China Mw 6.6 earthquake, this study attempted to further address this issue. We quantified the seismogenic fault effects on landslides into three modes: the distance effect, the different part effects, and the combined effects of the two. Four possible cases were taken into consideration: zoning the study area vertical and parallel to the fault (case 1), zoning the study area only vertical to the fault (case 2), zoning the study area only parallel to the fault (case 3), and without such study-area zonations (case 4). Using the LR model, predictive landslide probability maps were prepared on these four cases. The model also fully considered other influencing factors of earthquake landslides, including elevation, slope, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), peak ground acceleration (PGA), lithology, rainfall, distance from the epicenter, distance from the road, and distance from the river. Then, cross-comparisons and validations were conducted on these maps. For training datasets, results show that the success rates of earthquake-triggered landslides for the former three scenarios were 85.1%, 84.2%, and 84.7%, respectively, while that of the model for case 4 was only 84%. For testing datasets, the prediction rates of the four LRs were 84.45%, 83.46%, 84.22%, and 83.61%, respectively, as indicated by comparing the test dataset and the landslide probability map. This means that the effects of the seismogenic fault, which are represented by study-area zonations vertical and parallel to the fault proper, are significant to the predictive mapping of earthquake-induced landslides.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong; Ma, Siyuan; Zhou, Qing] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 13
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 8
IS 8
AR 328
DI 10.3390/ijgi8080328
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000482985000023
ER

PT J
AU Mohan, A
   Singh, AK
   Kumar, B
   Dwivedi, R
AF Mohan, Amrita
   Singh, Amit Kumar
   Kumar, Basant
   Dwivedi, Ramji
TI Review on remote sensing methods for landslide detection using machine
   and deep learning
SO TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
DT Review
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL PREDICTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY;
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; DECISION TREE; TIME-SERIES; CLASSIFICATION
AB Landslide, one of the most critical natural hazards, is caused due to specific compositional slope movement. In the past decades, due to inflation of urbanized area and climate change, a compelling expansion in landslide prevalence took place which is also termed as mass/slope movement and mass wasting, causing extensive collapse around the world. The principal reason for its pursuance is a reduction in the internal resistance of soil and rocks, classified as a slide, topple, fall, and flow. Slopes can be differentiated based on earth material and the nature of its movements. The downward flow of landslides occurs due to excessive rainfall, snowmelt, earthquake, volcanic eruption, and so on. This review article revisits the conventional approaches for identification of landslides, predicting future risk, associated with slope failures, followed by emphasizing the advantages of modern geospatial techniques such as aerial photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing images (ie, panchromatic, multispectral, radar images), Terrestrial laser scanning, and High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HR-DEM) in updating landslide inventory maps. Machine learning techniques like Support Vector Machine, Artificial neural network, deep learning has been extensively used with geographical data producing effective results for assessment of natural hazard/resources and environmental research. Based on recent studies, deep learning is a reliable tool addressing remote sensing challenges such as trade-off in imaging system producing poor quality investigation, in addition, to expedite consequent task such as image recognition, object detection, classification, and so on. Conventional methods, like pixel and object-based machine learning methods, have been broadly explored. Advanced development in deep learning technique like CNN (Convolutional neural network) has been extensively successful in information extraction from an image and has exceeded other traditional approaches. Over the past few years, minor attempts have been made for landslide susceptibility mapping using CNN. In addition, small sample sizes for training purpose will be major drawback and notably remarkable while using deep learning techniques. Also, assessment of the model's performance with diverse training and testing proportion other than commonly utilized ratio, that is, 70/30 needs to be explored further. The review article briefly highlights the remote sensing methods for landslide detection using machine learning and deep learning.
C1 [Mohan, Amrita; Dwivedi, Ramji] MNNIT Allahabad, GIS Cell, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
   [Singh, Amit Kumar] NIT Patna, CSE Dept, Patna, Bihar, India.
   [Kumar, Basant] MNNIT Allahabad, ECE Dept, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
C3 National Institute of Technology (NIT System); Motilal Nehru National
   Institute of Technology; National Institute of Technology (NIT System);
   National Institute of Technology Patna; National Institute of Technology
   (NIT System); Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology
RP Mohan, A (corresponding author), MNNIT Allahabad, GIS Cell, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
EM er.amritacs@gmail.com
TC 223
Z9 252
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2161-3915
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 32
IS 7
SI SI
AR e3998
DI 10.1002/ett.3998
EA JUN 2020
SC Telecommunications
UT WOS:000542033600001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
AF Xu Chong
   Xu Xi-Wei
TI The 2010 Yushu earthquake triggered landslides spatial prediction models
   based on several kernel function types
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE Landslides triggered by the Yushu earthquake; Support vector machine;
   Kernel function; Spatial prediction
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS;
   RUPTURE; WEIGHT
AB Earthquake triggered landslides spatial prediction based on statistics learning theory and Geological Information Systems (GIS) technology is an important research direction, it can predict the area of earthquake triggered landslide occurrence during an earthquake of a similar magnitude in the future. On April 14, 2010 at 07 :49 (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake with M(w)6.9 struck Yushu County, Qinghai Province, China. 2036 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and satellite images, verified by selected field checking, these landslides were distributed in a rectangle area of 1455.3 km(2). The aim of this study was to carry out earthquake triggered landslides spatial prediction modelling in the rectangle area using several kernel function types, based on GIS and support vector machine (SVM) model. A spatial database, including landslides and associated controlling parameters which may have influence on the occurrence of landslides, was developed and analyzed using GIS technology. The twelve factors, including elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope position, drainages, lithology, faults, roads, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), co-seismic main surface fault-ruptures, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) were selected as earthquake triggered landslide spatial prediction factors. The landslide spatial prediction mapping was executed using several kernel function types including linear function, polynomial function, radial basis function, and sigmoid function based on SVM model, and Yushu earthquake triggered landslide hazard index maps, landslide hazard rank maps, and prediction result maps were created respectively. The success rate of the four kernel function types were 79.87%, 83.45%, 84.16%, 64.62% respectively. This showed that radial basis function was the best kernel function of the four in Yushu earthquake triggered landslides spatial prediction mapping. The training and discussions of the model were also carried out based on other three different training sample groups of random distribution and one training sample group of regular distribution. This paper provided an example for selecting appropriate kernel function types for earthquake triggered landslide prediction mapping using support vector machine modelling in the study area. Hazard rank maps and prediction result maps could be useful in landslides hazard mitigation by helping planners understand the probability of landslides in different regions.
C1 [Xu Chong; Xu Xi-Wei] Chinese Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Chinese Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 11
Z9 31
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD SEP
PY 2012
VL 55
IS 9
BP 2994
EP 3005
DI 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.018
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000309628400018
ER

PT J
AU Del Gaudio, V
   Luo, YH
   Wang, YS
   Wasowski, J
AF Del Gaudio, Vincenzo
   Luo, Yonghong
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Wasowski, Janusz
TI Using ambient noise to characterise seismic slope response: The case of
   Qiaozhuang peri-urban hillslopes (Sichuan, China)
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Seismic slope response; Ambient noise; Seismically induced landslides;
   2008 Wenchuan earthquake; China
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PACOIMA-CANYON; GROUND-MOTION; SITE RESPONSE;
   LANDSLIDE; AMPLIFICATION
AB The Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12th, 2008 shattered and induced failures on hillslopes surrounding the centre of the town of Qiaozhuang, located 250 Km NE of the mainshock epicentre. This motivated investigations on the possible occurrence of site amplification phenomena. The initial efforts involved a temporary accelerometer monitoring carried out between April and October 2009 on Weigan hill and Mount Dong, located SW and NE of the Qiaozhuang centre, respectively. The monitoring results revealed that the local geological setting, characterised by Silurian phyllites with sub-vertical schistosity (at Weigan) and by fractured Precambrian limestones (at Dong), exert major influence on the slopes resonance phenomena, with a secondary contribution due to the topographic setting. To extend the investigation on local slope response, a series of ambient noise recordings were conducted at several sites of the two hills, as well as at Mount Shizi (located NW of the town centre), which is topographically and geologically similar to Mount Dong. The focus was on the sites monitored by accelerometer stations, whose seismic records provided the opportunity to validate the outcomes of ambient noise analysis. Noise data were analysed using two approaches: the standard Nakamura's method and a new technique based on analysis of instantaneous polarization properties, aimed at estimating ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. Data interpretation was hampered by a contingent factor, i.e. environmental conditions characterised by a strong persistent E-W polarized noise at low frequencies (below 1 Hz), and by the complex of geologic and geomorphic conditions. The latter, particularly in the case of Weigan hill, appear responsible for a considerable amplification of vertical ground motions. The repeated recordings and the comparison of the outcomes of the two techniques of noise analysis with the accelerometer data showed that the new technique provides more stable and consistent results. Furthermore, the new technique was able to reveal site resonance properties that Nalcamura's method fails to recognise because of transient overlapping of different type waves. Overall, the ambient noise analysis provided evidence of i) low frequency resonance (similar to 1 Hz) acting at the scale of the entire relief (on Weigan Hill), ii) directional amplifications at intermediate frequencies (similar to 4 Hz) affecting ridge crests Hz), which vary at a very local scale. This information is relevant for inferring the susceptibility of local slopes to earthquake-induced failures, and hence for the collateral seismic hazard assessment in the Qiaozhuan peri-urban areas.
C1 [Del Gaudio, Vincenzo] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
   [Del Gaudio, Vincenzo; Luo, Yonghong; Wang, Yunsheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geo Environm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
C3 Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Chengdu University of
   Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di
   Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR)
RP Del Gaudio, V (corresponding author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
EM vincenzo.delgaudio@uniba.it
TC 43
Z9 44
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 28
PY 2018
VL 246
BP 374
EP 390
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.008
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000453338300033
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YF
   Xu, Q
   Cheng, QG
   Li, Y
   Luo, ZX
AF Wang, Yu-Feng
   Xu, Qiang
   Cheng, Qian-Gong
   Li, Yan
   Luo, Zhong-Xu
TI Spreading and Deposit Characteristics of a Rapid Dry Granular Avalanche
   Across 3D Topography: Experimental Study
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Granular flow; 3D physical modelling; Complex
   topography; Mechanical energy dissipation; Momentum transfer
ID ROCK-AVALANCHE; DEBRIS-FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GRAIN-SIZE; RUN-UP;
   LANDSLIDE; ROCKSLIDE; MOBILITY; DYNAMICS; MOTION
AB Aiming to understand the propagation and deposit behaviours of a granular avalanche along a 3D complex basal terrain, a new 3D experimental platform in 1/400 scale was developed according to the natural terrain of the Xiejiadianzi rock avalanche, with a series of laboratory experiments being conducted. Through the conduction of these tests, parameters, including the morphological evolution of sliding mass, run-outs and velocities of surficial particles, thickness contour and centre of final deposit, equivalent frictional coefficient, and energy dissipation, are documented and analysed, with the geomorphic control effect, material grain size effect, drop angle effect, and drop distance effect on rock avalanche mobility being discussed primarily. From the study, some interesting conclusions for a better understanding of rock avalanche along a 3D complex basal topography are reached. (1) For the granular avalanche tested in this study, great differences between the evolutions of the debris along the right and left branch valleys were observed, with an obvious geomorphic control effect on avalanche mobility presented. In addition, some other interesting features, including groove-like trough and superelevation, were also observed under the control of the topographic interferences. (2) The equivalent frictional coefficients of the granular avalanches tested here range from 0.48 to 0.57, which is lower than that reached with a set-up composed of an inclined chute and horizontal plate and higher than that reached using a set-up composed of only an inclined chute. And the higher the drop angle and fine particle content, the higher the equivalent frictional coefficient. The effect of drop distance on avalanche mobility is minor. (3) For a granular avalanche, momentum transfer plays an important role in the motion of mass, which can accelerate the mobility of the front part greatly through delivering the kinetic energy of the rear part to the front.
C1 [Wang, Yu-Feng; Cheng, Qian-Gong; Li, Yan; Luo, Zhong-Xu] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yu-Feng; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Qian-Gong] Minist Educ, Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Qian-Gong] State Prov Joint Engn Lab Spatial Informat Techno, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Cheng, QG (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Cheng, QG (corresponding author), Minist Educ, Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Cheng, QG (corresponding author), State Prov Joint Engn Lab Spatial Informat Techno, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wangyufeng1987118@126.com; chengqiangong@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 23
Z9 34
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD NOV
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 11
SI SI
BP 4349
EP 4370
DI 10.1007/s00603-016-1052-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000387849400010
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Dai, FC
   Saraf, AK
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Dai, Fuchu
   Saraf, Arun K.
TI Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake
   triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Earthquake triggered landslides; Landslide susceptibility mapping;
   Bivariate statistics; Logistic regression; Artificial neural networks;
   Support vector machine
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; BIVARIATE STATISTICS; SAMPLING STRATEGIES;
   PREDICTION MODELS; GIS; ZONATION; TURKEY; KOYULHISAR
AB The main purpose of this study is to compare the following six GIS-based models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides: bivariate statistics (BS), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and three types of support vector machine (SVM) models that use the three different kernel functions linear, polynomial, and radial basis. The models are applied in a tributary watershed of the Fu River, a tributary of the Jialing River, which is part of the area of China affected by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For this purpose, eleven thematic data layers are used: landslide inventory, slope angle, aspect, elevation, curvature, distance from drainages, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from main roads, distance from surface rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and lithology. The data layers were specifically constructed for analysis in this study. In the subsequent stage of the study, susceptibility maps were produced using the six models and the same input for each one. The validations of the resulting susceptibility maps were performed and compared by means of two values of area under curve (AUC) that represent the respective success rates and prediction rates. The AUC values obtained from all six results showed that the LR model provides the highest success rate (AUC = 80.34) and the highest prediction rate (AUC = 80.27). The SVM (radial basis function) model generates the second-highest success rate (AUC = 80.302) and the second-highest prediction rate (AUC = 80.151), which are close to the value from the LR model. The results using the SVM (linear) model show the lowest AUC values. The AUC values from the SVM (linear) model are only 72.52 (success rates) and 72.533 (prediction rates). Furthermore, the results also show that the radial basis function is the most appropriate kernel function of the three kernel functions applied using the SVM model for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides in the study area. The paper also provides a counter-example for the widely held notion that validation performances of the results from application of the models obtained from soft computing techniques (such as ANN and SVM) are higher than those from applications of LR and BA models. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Saraf, Arun K.] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Earth Sci, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Indian
   Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
   Technology (IIT) - Roorkee
RP Xu, XW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 189
Z9 244
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
EI 1873-7803
PD SEP
PY 2012
VL 46
BP 317
EP 329
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.01.002
SC Computer Science; Geology
UT WOS:000307924200036
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, M
   Yin, YP
   McSaveney, M
AF Zhang, Ming
   Yin, Yueping
   McSaveney, Mauri
TI Dynamics of the 2008 earthquake-triggered Wenjiagou Creek rock
   avalanche, Qingping, Sichuan, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenjiagou Creek rock avalanche; Dynamics; Transport mechanism;
   Ring-shear test; Pervasive fragmentation
ID SLIDE-DEBRIS FLOW; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRENCH ALPS; MODEL; RUNOUT;
   FRAGMENTATION; LANDSLIDE; MOTION; INITIATION; CANADA
AB The Wenjiagou Creek rock avalanche was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. It traveled 4.6 km and left a granular deposit of 1.5 x 10(8) m(3) in Wenjiagou Creek valley. The dynamics of the rock avalanche were studied through field and laboratory investigations and remote sensing. The dynamic course was divided into three segments: (1) Failing - the original slope failed due to the huge earthquake ground accelerations acting on a rock mass weakened by severe karstification; (2) Falling - the rock mass experienced several drops due to abrupt changes in slope, and broke into granular debris during collisions with the ground and mountain flanks; and (3) Flow - the broken granular mass flowed approximately 3 km down the valley of Wenjiagou Creek The transport mechanism of the granular mass of debris was studied by analyzing the structure of the deposit and through ring-shear tests. A gully incised into the deposit by rainfall runoff and debris flows enabled the internal structure of the deposit to be examined and sampled. In cross-section, the exposed deposit was finest near the base, and gradually became coarser towards the surface (inverse grading); in longitudinal section, deposits near the base and on the surface both became finer with increasing travel distance. Near the base, the granular debris experienced the maximum normal and shear stresses, and fragmented into the finest grains. Both normal and shear stresses between the grains gradually decreased from near the base to the surface. Samples were sheared in a ring-shear apparatus to simulate the shearing within the granular debris. Shear resistance between grains was found to decrease as grains became finer due to pervasive fragmentation, which is one of the possible mechanisms by which the granular debris was able to travel a long distance at a high speed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Ming] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [McSaveney, Mauri] GNS Sci, POB 30368, Lower Hutt 9040, New Zealand.
C3 China University of Geosciences; GNS Science - New Zealand
RP Zhang, M (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
EM zhangming8157@126.com
TC 80
Z9 89
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 18
PY 2016
VL 200
BP 75
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.008
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000369197800007
ER

PT J
AU Gratchev, I
AF Gratchev, Ivan
TI Insights into the mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides in
   plastic fine-grained soils
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide mechanism; Liquefaction; Soil
   microfabrics; Fine-grained soils
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES;
   LIQUEFACTION; CLAY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE
AB This article seeks to investigate the cyclic behaviour of fine-grained soils and clarify the mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides in this material. Six soils with different plasticity and mineralogy were tested in a series of undrained ring-shear experiments using different stress histories. The obtained results were analyzed in relation to the soil plasticity, clay mineralogy, and soil microfabrics to better understand the main factors leading to failure. It was found that the low-plasticity soil mixtures containing either kaolinite or illite were susceptible to liquefaction, while more plastic soil specimens that contained smectite were resistant to liquefaction. The mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides and the factors affecting them were discussed, and it was experimentally shown that the failure in plastic fine-grained soils was not driven by the excess pore water pressure. Instead, it occurred mostly due to the large permanent shear displacements developed during cyclic loading.
C1 [Gratchev, Ivan] Griffith Univ, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
C3 Griffith University
RP Gratchev, I (corresponding author), Griffith Univ, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
EM i.gratchev@griffith.edu.au
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD OCT
PY 2023
VL 173
AR 108134
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108134
EA JUL 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001046925400001
ER

PT J
AU Li, GK
   Moon, S
   Higa, JT
AF Li, Gen K.
   Moon, Seulgi
   Higa, Justin T.
TI Residence Time of Over-Steepened Rock Masses in an Active Mountain Range
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; LANDSLIDES; EROSION;
   CLIMATE; RATES; TOPOGRAPHY; SLOPE; BELT
AB In uplifting mountains, hillslopes steepen toward a threshold angle set by substrate material strength. Hillslopes beyond the threshold angle, referred to as excess topography, are mechanically unstable. The residence time scale of rock masses in excess topography (T-ex) is critical for understanding time scales of surface processes and landscape evolution in steep mountains. However, T-ex remains loosely constrained for varying slopes and lithologies. Here, we calculate T-ex in the eastern Tibetan mountains by quantifying excess topography across lithologies, long-term landslide erosion rates caused by seismicity and climate, and exhumation rates. T-ex increases with local slope angles and is of the same order of magnitude across different lithologies but slightly longer for metamorphic rocks. Range-scale T-ex is estimated as similar to 61-157 kyr, similar to 3-9% of the relief-rejuvenation timespan of threshold topography. Similar T-ex regardless of lithologies and methods suggest steady-state construction and erosion of excess topography over thousand to million years time scales in this orogen.
C1 [Li, Gen K.; Moon, Seulgi; Higa, Justin T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Li, Gen K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Los Angeles;
   University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
RP Li, GK; Moon, S (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Li, GK (corresponding author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM ligen@ucsb.edu; sgmoon@epss.ucla.edu
TC 5
Z9 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD APR 16
PY 2022
VL 49
IS 7
AR e2021GL097319
DI 10.1029/2021GL097319
SC Geology
UT WOS:000780802700001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
AF Xu, Chong
TI Do buried-rupture earthquakes trigger less landslides than
   surface-rupture earthquakes for reverse faults?
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Buried-rupture earthquake; Surface-rupture earthquake; Landslide;
   Reverse fault
ID NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; COMPLEX
   RUPTURE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; KASHMIR; CALIFORNIA; PAKISTAN
AB Gorum et al. (2013, Geomorphology 184, 127-138) carried out a study on inventory compilation and statistical analyses of landslides triggered by the 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti earthquake. They revealed that spatial distribution patterns of these landslides were mainly controlled by complex rupture mechanism and topography. They also suggested that blind-rupture earthquakes trigger fewer landslides than surface-rupture earthquakes on thrust reverse faults. Although a few lines of evidence indicate that buried-rupture earthquakes might trigger fewer landslides than surface-rupture earthquakes on reverse faults, more careful comparisons and analyses indicate that it is not always true. Instead, some cases show that a buried-rupture earthquake can trigger a larger quantity of landslides that are distributed in a larger area, whereas surface-rupture earthquakes can trigger larger but a fewer landslides distributed in a smaller area. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 22
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUL 1
PY 2014
VL 216
BP 53
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.029
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000337776700005
ER

PT J
AU Beyabanaki, SAR
   Bagtzoglou, AC
   Anagnostou, EN
AF Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza
   Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.
   Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.
TI Effects of groundwater table position, soil strength properties and
   rainfall on instability of earthquake-triggered landslides
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslides; Slope stability; Earthquake; Rainfall intensity; Water
   table; Factor of safety
ID INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   UNSATURATED SOILS; DEBRIS FLOWS; STABILITY; MODEL; AREA; PATTERNS;
   IMPACTS
AB Although earthquake-triggered deep landslides are widely studied, less attention has been focused on the combined effects of groundwater table position, soil strength properties and rainfall on the instability of landslides triggered by earthquakes during rainfall events. In this study, to provide a better understanding of the conditions leading to catastrophic landslides, the effects of these factors on the instability of a homogeneous soil slope under different earthquake conditions are investigated through a series of sensitivity analyses. These analyses are based on a newly developed combined hydrology and slope stability model. The results show that groundwater table position, soil friction, soil cohesion, rainfall intensity and rainfall accumulation have significant effects on the instability of landslides. Groundwater table position and soil strength properties are found to be the primary factors controlling the instability of landslides, while rainfall accumulation plays a secondary role. On the other hand it is shown that increasing soil saturation, which is a direct effect of rainfall accumulation, decreases the factor of safety. The results also show the combined effect of rainfall duration and earthquake acceleration on the landslide instability. Specifically, for a given rainfall accumulation, there exists a threshold earthquake acceleration coefficient that would trigger a landslide; for higher rainfall accumulations, landslides can be triggered by earthquakes with smaller acceleration coefficients.
C1 [Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza] Gall Zeidler Consultants, Ashburn, VA USA.
   [Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.; Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA.
C3 University of Connecticut
RP Beyabanaki, SAR (corresponding author), Gall Zeidler Consultants, Ashburn, VA USA.
EM a.beyabanaki@gmail.com
TC 18
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 4
AR 358
DI 10.1007/s12665-016-5277-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000371393400080
ER

PT J
AU Yang, B
   Gao, FP
   Jeng, DS
AF Yang, Bing
   Gao, Fu-ping
   Jeng, Dong-sheng
TI Failure mode and dynamic response of a double-sided slope with high
   water content of soil
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Slope displacement; Slope failure mode; Soil water content; Shaking
   table test; Landslides
ID SHAKING TABLE TEST; 5.12 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK SLOPE; SEISMIC
   RESPONSE; STRENGTH; CHINA; TESTS
AB A double-sided slope with high water content in sandy clay was considered under the action of seismic load. Its failure mode and dynamic response were investigated using a hydraulic servo shaking table test. The typical characteristic of failure mode and dynamic responses of the double-sided slope were analyzed. Experimental results show that slope failure undergoes a process of progressive deformation. The slope failure mode can be explained as creep sliding landslide. AFA (Amplification Factor of Acceleration) at the surface and inner parts of the slope shows an increasing trend with the increase of relative elevation. The relationship between AFA and EAA (Excitation Amplitude of Acceleration) is nonlinear. An empirical formula is proposed to describe preferably the relationship between AFA, relative elevation and dimensionless EAA. The AFA at the middle and upper parts of the slope increases apparently with increasing EFA (Excitation Frequency of Acceleration).
C1 [Yang, Bing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Fu-ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Jeng, Dong-sheng] Griffith Univ, Sch Engn & Built Environm, Gold Coast Campus, Nathan, Qld 4222, Australia.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mechanics, CAS; Griffith University
RP Yang, B (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yangb@home.swjtu.edu.cn; fpgao@imech.ac.cn; d.jeng@griffith.edu.au
TC 21
Z9 22
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 4
BP 859
EP 870
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4616-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000429949900014
ER

PT J
AU Fu, GC
   Xu, YR
   Li, WQ
   Cheng, J
   Su, P
   Huang, ST
AF Fu, Guochao
   Xu, Yueren
   Li, Wenqiao
   Cheng, Jiang
   Su, Peng
   Huang, Shuaitang
TI Probability Assessment of Potential Landslides Under the Coupling of
   Earthquake and Rainfall-A Case Study of Zhouqu Area, Gansu Province,
   China
SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS
DT Article
DE earthquake-induced landslides; monte carlo; newmark displacement model;
   rainfall and earthquakes
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; MODEL; THRESHOLDS; BASIN; STATE;
   GIS
AB Earthquakes and rainfall are considered two of the major causes of landslides worldwide. These landslides cause billions of dollars in property damage and revenue losses, as well as the deaths of thousands of people each year. While researchers have been examining the effect of either rainfall or earthquakes on the deformation and stability of slopes, the combined effect of earthquakes and rainfall on deformation and slope stability has not been evaluated systematically. In this paper, we present an approach to generating probabilistic hazard maps for potential landslides using the Newmark displacement model (NDM), which considers earthquakes and rainfall. Also, we have conducted an in-depth analysis of uncertainties and fluctuations in the input parameters of NDM through Monte Carlo techniques. Taking Gansu Province of China as an example, probability distribution maps were generated separately under different conditions of rainfall combined with a 10% failure probability of ground motion in 50 years. The results show that rainfall has a significant influence on landslide risk under the same horizontal ground motion input condition. With the increase in daily rainfall, the proportion of landslide area in high-risk areas also increased sharply, while that in low-risk areas also decreased significantly, which can serve as a basis for providing a reference for the prediction of earthquake-induced landslides during rainy seasons.
C1 [Fu, Guochao; Xu, Yueren; Li, Wenqiao; Su, Peng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Jiang] Sichuan Inst Geol Engn Invest Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Shuaitang] Earthquake Agcy Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Reg, Xinjiang, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,
   CEA
RP Huang, ST (corresponding author), Earthquake Agcy Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Reg, Xinjiang, Peoples R China.
EM shuaith@126.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1361-1682
EI 1467-9671
PD AUG 27
PY 2025
VL 29
IS 5
AR e70106
DI 10.1111/tgis.70106
SC Geography
UT WOS:001558134900001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, XP
   Qian, QH
   Cheng, H
   Zhang, HP
AF Zhou, Xiaoping
   Qian, Qihu
   Cheng, Hao
   Zhang, Haipeng
TI STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LANDSLIDES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC
   LOADS
SO ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
DT Article
DE pseudo-dynamic factor of safety; slices method; inertia force; damping
   force; sliding displacement; displacement-pseudo-dynamic model;
   two-dimensional landslides; seismic loads
ID SLOPE; EARTHQUAKE; BEHAVIOR; DAMS
AB In the past, the pseudo-static method used to be the most common for evaluating the stability of landslides under seismic loads, in which static forces acting on the center of gravity of a sliding body are used to consider the effects of earthquake. However, seismic loads of rock and soil differ from time and location to time and location. Obviously, it is irrational for the pseudo-static approach to be applied to solving dynamic problems. In this paper, a displacement-pseudo-dynamic model is proposed to assess seismic stability of landslides, in which the sinusoidalcosinusoidal wave is applied to simulating earthquake displacement, and an "amplification factor" of peak seismic displacement is referred to as the amplification of seismic wave when it propagates from the bottom to the top of the landslide. The effects of physico-mechanical behaviors of a sliding body on seismic stability of soil slopes are taken into account as well as inertia forces and damping forces. The sensitivity analyses on the permanent displacement and the dynamic factor of safety of landslides are studied in detail. Moreover, a large-scale Tangjiashan landslide that occurred in Wenchuan earthquake is investigated to verify the robustness and precision of the present method. It is found that the results from the present method is in good agreement with those from the previous method.
C1 [Zhou, Xiaoping; Cheng, Hao; Zhang, Haipeng] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xiaoping; Cheng, Hao; Zhang, Haipeng] Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Areas, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Qian, Qihu] PLA Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Inst Natl Def Engn, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Qian, Qihu] PLA Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat Explos &, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Army Engineering University of PLA; Army
   Engineering University of PLA
RP Zhou, XP (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM cqxpzhou@hotmail.com
TC 14
Z9 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0894-9166
EI 1860-2134
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 28
IS 3
BP 262
EP 276
DI 10.1016/S0894-9166(15)30013-6
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
UT WOS:000358899200004
ER

PT J
AU Li, WP
   Wu, YM
   Gao, X
   Wang, WM
   Yang, ZH
   Liu, HJ
AF Li, W. P.
   Wu, Y. M.
   Gao, X.
   Wang, W. M.
   Yang, Z. H.
   Liu, H. J.
TI The Distribution Pattern of Ground Movement and Co-Seismic Landslides: A
   Case Study of the 5 September 2022 Luding Earthquake, China
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE earthquake; co-seismic landslides; distribution pattern; surface
   displacement; ground movement; Moxi fault
ID PROBABILISTIC APPROACH; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SOURCE INVERSION; RUPTURE PROCESS; STRONG-MOTION; FAULT ZONE; EQUATIONS;
   NORTHRIDGE; PREDICTION
AB Major earthquakes can cause extensive landsliding that poses a major threat to both property and human lives. In addition to co-seismically triggered ground failure, the earthquake-affected region remains vulnerable to landslides due to loosened and unstable materials and structures. Many researchers have studied landslide distributions and their controlling factors after earthquakes, but the function of ground motion is unclear. To investigate the connection in a strike-slip earthquake, we analyzed the 5 September 2022 Luding earthquake (Mw 6.6) in Sichuan Province, China. We interpreted remote-sensing images to obtain the landslide distribution before and after the earthquake, calculated surface deformation from D-InSAR data (pre- and post-earthquake), utilized a point-source model for the focal mechanism inversion, and then constructed a finite fault model for the rupture slip. There are clear differences in the landslide distributions on the two sides of the fault before and after the earthquake. The density of co-seismic landslides on the west side of the fault exceeded that on the east side. The patterns of surface deformation and ground motion indicated that the areas with larger deformation and motion were associated with more landslides. Furthermore, the landslide size decreased with distance from the fault. A new finding is that co-seismic landslides induced by strike-slip earthquakes result in high landslide concentration on both sides of the fault, while previous studies find that co-seismic landslides triggered by thrust earthquakes present a hanging wall concentrated distribution pattern. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between ground movement patterns and landslide distributions.
   Our research focused on the 5 September 2022 Luding earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. The study identified distinct disparities in the distribution of landslides on either side of the fault, both landslides that happen before, during, and shortly after an earthquake. The western side of the fault exhibited a higher density of landslides following seismic activity compared with the eastern side during the Luding earthquake. The areas experiencing more significant deformation and motion during the earthquake were more prone to landslides. Moreover, landslides induced by strike-slip earthquakes displayed high landslide concentrations on both sides of the fault. In contrast, landslides triggered by thrust earthquakes predominantly exhibited a concentrated hanging wall distribution pattern.
   The type of fault is a primary controller of the landslide distribution pattern More landslides occurred in areas with more deformation and greater ground motion
C1 [Li, W. P.; Wu, Y. M.; Gao, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, W. P.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, W. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Z. H.] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, H. J.] Leshan Normal Univ, Sichuan Tourism Dev Res Ctr, Leshan, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; China Geological Survey; Institute of
   Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Leshan Normal University
RP Wu, YM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM wuym@lreis.ac.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 129
IS 5
AR e2023JF007534
DI 10.1029/2023JF007534
SC Geology
UT WOS:001231881300001
ER

PT J
AU Xi, CJ
   Lombardo, L
   Hu, XW
   Tanyas, H
AF Xi, Chuanjie
   Lombardo, Luigi
   Hu, Xiewen
   Tanyas, Hakan
TI Co-seismic hillslope weakening
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Landslide; Shear strength reduction; Hillslope weakening;
   Precipitation
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; INDUCED SLIDING DISPLACEMENTS; W 7.8
   GORKHA; MODELS; EVOLUTION; SULAWESI; HAZARD
AB Reduction in shear strength (RSS) of hillslope materials due to earthquakes have been rarely discussed numerically in regional scale analyses. Despite the limited literature, an empirical relationship between peak ground acceleration (PGA) and RSS was proposed based on Newmark's permanent-deformation analysis coupled with static limit equilibrium approach. However, the empirical relationship is solely based on co- and post-seismic landslide inventories associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and transferability of the approach is yet to be tested. To address this issue, we apply the same method to areas affected by the 2015 Gorkha and 2018 Palu earthquakes. Our results showed a good agreement in variation of the RSS with respect to PGA. This suggests that the approach is transferable for the estimation of co-seismic hillslope weakening in other geographies. We also analyzed the RSS in sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. Our results showed that igneous rocks feature the highest RSS in response to given ground shaking and it is followed by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Ultimately, we also discussed the RSS likely caused by precipitation events. Our findings imply that the RSS caused by 0.1 g of ground shaking may be 14 times larger than RSS due to precipitation. This argument needs further analyses but overall, our findings provide new insights into hillslope weakening in relation to both earthquake and precipitation.
C1 [Xi, Chuanjie; Hu, Xiewen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xi, Chuanjie; Lombardo, Luigi; Tanyas, Hakan] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; University of Twente
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 338
AR 107607
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107607
EA JUN 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001261830700001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, XN
   Zhao, LH
   Mao, J
   Li, TC
AF Liu, Xunnan
   Zhao, Lanhao
   Mao, Jia
   Li, Tongchun
TI Tangential Force Model for the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
DT Article
DE Discrete element method; the combined finite-discrete element method;
   tangential contact force; the force-displacement law; the Mohr-Coulomb
   type friction algorithm; the rotation transformation algorithm
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; MASONRY
   STRUCTURES; LANDSLIDE; BLOCK; DDA; DISPLACEMENT; FORMULATION;
   SIMULATION; DYNAMICS
AB In the past., contact. model in the combined finite-discrete element. method (FDEM) does not include the influence of the tangential contact interaction, and the deficient model associated with the contact force can seriously degrade the computing accuracy. In order to overcome this defect, an improved FDEM is developed in this work. The potential contact mechanism is implemented to calculate the normal contact force; meanwhile, the force-displacement law by coupling the classical Mohr-Coulomb type frictional algorithm and the rotation transformation algorithm is applied for the accurate computation of the tangential contact force. Consequently, a holonomic system of the calculation algorithm for the contact interaction is proposed, accounting for the influence of the tangential contact force. The performance of the approach is validated with well-known benchmarks including a frictional numerical test, the dynamic response of the block under the seismic excitation, a sliding/toppling test of a joint rock slope, a numerical simulation for joints structure affecting a sliding rock mass and the 2008 Donghekou Landslide trigged by the Wenchuan Earthquake. The results are compared against the experimental data and analytical solutions. Excellent agreements between the computational result and existing measurements show that the proposed approach has an outstanding ability to describe the complex mechanical properties among the separate entities.
C1 [Liu, Xunnan; Zhao, Lanhao; Mao, Jia; Li, Tongchun] Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tongchun] Hohai Univ, Coll Agr Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University; Hohai University
RP Zhao, LH (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
EM zhaolanhao@hhu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0219-8762
EI 1793-6969
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 9
AR 1950068
DI 10.1142/S0219876219500683
SC Engineering; Mathematics
UT WOS:000562980600009
ER

PT J
AU Yang, CW
   Liu, XM
   Zhang, JJ
   Chen, ZW
   Shi, C
   Gao, HB
AF Yang Changwei
   Liu Xinmin
   Zhang Jianjing
   Chen Zhiwei
   Shi Cong
   Gao Hongbo
TI Analysis on mechanism of landslides under ground shaking: a typical
   landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE CDEM; Hilbert-Huang transform; Earthquake; Landslide
ID FAULT ZONE; WAVES; HAZARD; LANDERS
AB A high steep rock hill with two-side slopes near National Road 213 is used as a prototype in this paper. The full process from initial deformation to sliding of the slope during ground shaking is simulated by a new discrete element method-continuum-based discrete element method. Then, the seismic responses of a high steep rock hill with two-side slopes are researched from the base of time, frequency and joint time-frequency domain using Hilbert-Huang transform and Fourier Transform. The findings are: first, the stress concentration phenomenon occurs at the top of the sliding mass, and then some tension and shear failure points appear, which expand from the top toward the toe of the sliding mass along the structural plane. At the same time, the number of tension failure points gradually increases. Then the toe of the sliding mass fails, and shears out from its toe which results in the landslide. If the material parameters are under the same conditions, the landslide in the middle of the slope occurs before that at the foot of slope, and the starting time of landslide and the arrival time of the peak ground acceleration are synchronous or the former slightly lags behind the latter. The difference of distribution and dissipation of earthquake energy in the sliding body and sliding bed is the major influence factor to induce the landslide. When the accelerations are small, the instantaneous frequency of accelerations between sliding bed and sliding body is generally consistent, the energy transmittance coefficients of the sliding structural plane and the controlled frequency band of the energy all range in a limitation; with the increase of the seismic intensity, the instantaneous frequency and the energy transmittance coefficients gradually decrease, and then they are steady within the lower limitation. At the same time, the controlled frequency band also shifts gradually from high frequency band to the lower one. Based on the input seismic wave, the peak acceleration amplifies as the increase of elevation, regardless of the monitoring points on the steep slope, gentle slope side or inside of the slope. Generally speaking, amplification of the vertical peak acceleration is stronger than that of the horizontal peak acceleration, and amplification of the peak acceleration on a steep slope is stronger than that on a gentle slope, and that of inside of the slope is the weakest amplification.
C1 [Yang Changwei; Zhang Jianjing; Shi Cong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Xinmin] Henan Univ Urban Construct, Pingdingshan 467036, Henan Province, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Zhiwei] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Gao Hongbo] Xinyang Normal Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Xinyang 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Henan University of Urban Construction;
   Southwest Jiaotong University; Xinyang Normal University
RP Zhang, JJ (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yangchangwei56@163.com; 2212932636@qq.com; 1209732335@qq.com
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 72
IS 9
BP 3457
EP 3466
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3251-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000343899900018
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Hicher, PY
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Wang, G
AF Hu, W.
   Hicher, P. -Y.
   Scaringi, G.
   Xu, Q.
   Van Asch, T. W. J.
   Wang, G.
TI Seismic precursor to instability induced by internal erosion in loose
   granular slopes
SO GEOTECHNIQUE
DT Article
DE erosion; failure; laboratory tests; landslides; pore pressures;
   seismicity
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSLIDE; LIQUEFACTION; CLASSIFICATION; MECHANISMS;
   EARTHQUAKE; INITIATION; AREA
AB Fluidised landslides are one of the most dangerous types of mass movements as they can run over long distances at high velocity. A flow-like landslide can occur in both artificially designed and natural slopes, resulting in extensive property damage and significant loss of life. Although various studies have examined the initiation mechanism of this type of landslide, the understanding of the phenomenon of instability which can occur in loose granular slopes deserves further attention. Specific influential factors, such as the changes in the soil microstructure due to water infiltration and seepage forces, still need to be further examined. In this study, the initiation of a fluidised landslide is investigated through flume tests. The tested material was collected from a coseismic landslide deposit in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake area. These loose, granular deposits can fail due to intense rainfall and exhibit flow-like movement, potentially evolving into destructive debris flows. Two flume apparatuses have been used, which were equipped with multiple sensors to evaluate the pore pressures and the internal displacements. A high-sensitivity seismic accelerometer was installed at the bottom of the flume to record the vibrations produced by the movement of the soil particles during the tests. The soil mass was progressively wetted either by a uniform inflow from the ground surface at the top of the slope, to simulate the infiltration of run-off water arriving from upslope, or by a gradual rise of the water level at the upper boundary of the slope, to simulate a gradual rise of the groundwater table. Internal erosion of the finer soil fraction driven by the seepage forces is thought to have played a significant role in the slope collapse. Possible changes in the particle arrangement were recorded by the accelerometers in the form of an increasing high-frequency vibration signal before any significant rise of pore pressure and any significant displacement of the slope could be observed. Although further parametric investigation is still necessary, and tests at real scale should be devised, the observed behaviour suggests that seismic monitoring of loose, granular deposits could be a promising method for detecting an incipient slope collapse.
C1 [Hu, W.; Scaringi, G.; Xu, Q.; Van Asch, T. W. J.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hicher, P. -Y.] Ecole Cent Nantes, Nantes, France.
   [Van Asch, T. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Wang, G.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Nantes Universite; Ecole Centrale de
   Nantes; Utrecht University; Kyoto University
RP Hu, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
TC 35
Z9 36
PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD
PI Leeds
PA Floor 5, Northspring 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds, W YORKSHIRE,
   ENGLAND
SN 0016-8505
EI 1751-7656
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 68
IS 11
BP 989
EP 1001
DI 10.1680/jgeot.17.P.079
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000446875900004
ER

PT J
AU Qi, TJ
   Meng, XM
   Zhao, Y
   Su, XJ
   Chen, G
   Zeng, RQ
   Zhang, Y
   Li, YJ
   Yue, DX
AF Qi, Tianjun
   Meng, Xingmin
   Zhao, Yan
   Su, Xiaojun
   Chen, Guan
   Zeng, Runqiang
   Zhang, Yi
   Li, Yajun
   Yue, Dongxia
TI Formation and distribution of landslides controlled by
   thrust-strike-slip fault zones and fluvial erosion in the Western
   Qinling Mountains, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide inventory; Thrust-strike-slip fault zone; Fluvial erosion;
   Frequency-area relationships; Western Qinling Mountains
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SLOPE-FAILURE; RIVER-BASIN; RANGE;
   AREA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONSTRAINTS; INVENTORIES; TOPOGRAPHY
AB In active orogenic belts, fault zones and fluvial erosion are the two principal factors that control the development of landslides. The Langma-Baiya fault zone (LBFZ) and the Bailongjiang fault zone (BFZ) in the Western Qinling Mountains (WQM) in China are part of an intracontinental orogenic zone, where landslides are the principal geomorphological process. It is also one of the regions with the most severe landslide disasters in China. We established a historical landslide database for the LBFZ and BFZ, based on high-precision remote sensing image interpretation and field investigation. The results indicated a total of 2764 landslides, including 1190 large landslides and 79 giant landslides. The quality of the landslide database was evaluated using the frequency-area curve distribution characteristics, and the results showed that the small-medium size landslides are underrepresented in the database, likely due to the influence of factors such as surface erosion, vegetation coverage, and human activities. Therefore, we focused on the spatial distribution and formation mechanism of large and giant landslides. Landslides are unevenly distributed in space; specifically, our field investigation and statistical analysis of swath profiles revealed that landslides are aggregated within tectonic zones, in areas of weak rock masses, and on the banks of rivers. Finally, based on the combination of the various factors controlling landslides, we divided the study area into three subregions, for which conceptual models were established. These models highlight the importance of the distance of the fault zone to a river, together with the degree of fluvial erosion, in controlling the development of landslides. The combined effects of fluvial erosion, geological structures, and the low-grade metamorphic rocks exposed along fault zones are major controls on the development of large landslides, and the local structural characteristics of thrust-strike-slip fault zones control the type of landslides.
C1 [Qi, Tianjun; Meng, Xingmin; Zhao, Yan; Su, Xiaojun; Chen, Guan; Zeng, Runqiang; Zhang, Yi; Li, Yajun] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Tianjun; Meng, Xingmin; Zhao, Yan; Su, Xiaojun; Chen, Guan; Zeng, Runqiang; Zhang, Yi; Li, Yajun; Yue, Dongxia] Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards P, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Xingmin; Yue, Dongxia] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Xingmin] Rm 914 Guanyun Bldg, 222 Tianshui South Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Rm 914 Guanyun Bldg, 222 Tianshui South Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 22
Z9 24
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 20
PY 2023
VL 323
AR 107209
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107209
EA JUN 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001034816100001
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   Hill, K
   Mahoney, L
   Fadel, I
   Lombardo, L
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   Hill, Kevin
   Mahoney, Luke
   Fadel, Islam
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI The world's second-largest, recorded landslide event: Lessons learnt
   from the landslides triggered during and after the 2018 Mw
   7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslides; Post-seismic landslides; Antecedent
   precipitation; Discontinuity surfaces; Aftershocks
ID REAL-TIME PREDICTION; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; THRUST BELT;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; SLOPES; MODEL; THERMOCHRONOLOGY; DEFORMATION; COLLISION
AB Events characterized by widespread landslides provide rare but valuable opportunities to investigate the spatial and size distributions of landslides in relation to seismic, climatic, geological and morphological factors. This study presents a unique event inventory for the co-seismic landslides induced by the February 25, 2018 M-w 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake. The mainshock rupture was dominated by reverse fault motion, and this was also the case for the aftershocks. The latter also triggered widespread landslides in combination with rainfall during the period between February 26 and March 19. We mapped approximately 11,600 landslides of which, more than 10,000 were triggered by the mainshock, with a total failed planimetric area of about 145 km(2). Such a large area makes this inventory the world's second-largest recorded landslide event after the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, where the motion changed from predominantly thrust to strike-slip. Large landslides are abundant throughout the study area located within the remote Papua New Guinea Highlands. Specifically, more than half of the landslide population is larger than 50,000 m(2) and overall, post-seismic landslides are even larger than their co-seismic counterparts. To understand the factors controlling the distribution of landslides' occurrence and size, we combine descriptive statistics as well as more rigorous bivariate and multivariate analyses. We statistically show that the 15-day antecedent precipitation plays a role in explaining the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides. Also, we examine four strong aftershocks (M-w >= 6.0) within 9 days after the mainshock and statistically demonstrate that the cumulative effect of aftershocks is the main factor disturbing steep hillslopes and causing the initiation of very large landslides, up to ~5 km(2). Overall, the dataset and the findings presented in this paper represent a step towards a holistic understanding of the seismic landslide hazard assessment of the entire Papua New Guinea mainland.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; Fadel, Islam; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Hill, Kevin; Mahoney, Luke] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Mahoney, Luke] Papuan Oil Search Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
C3 University of Twente; University of Melbourne
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 42
Z9 45
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2022
VL 297
AR 106504
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106504
EA JAN 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000787987700002
ER

PT J
AU Aghdam, IN
   Pradhan, B
   Panahi, M
AF Aghdam, Iman Nasiri
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Panahi, Mahdi
TI Landslide susceptibility assessment using a novel hybrid model of
   statistical bivariate methods (FR and WOE) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy
   inference system (ANFIS) at southern Zagros Mountains in Iran
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Remote sensing; GIS; Statistical bivariate;
   ANFIS; Iran
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GIS; HAZARD; WEIGHTS; INDEX; ENTROPY; BASIN
AB The aim of landslide susceptibility mapping ( LSM) is to produce the most important and basic information required for overall landslide disaster planning and mitigation. Different statistical bivariate methods such as frequency ratio ( FR) and weights-of-evidence ( WOE) have been widely used for LSM. Although results of these aforementioned statistical methods are generally acceptable, however, they can be improved further by fine tuning the conditioning factor's classes. The purpose of this paper is to overcome some drawbacks of the bivariate models by developing a novel hybrid method using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ( ANFIS) and statistical bivariate methods ( FR and WOE) in geographical information system. The provinces of southern Zagros Mountains ( Iran) are chosen as a case study to implement the proposed method. First, landslide inventory map was produced using various data source such as historical landslides locations, remote sensing images and land surveying techniques. Second, the inventory data were divided into a ratio 70: 30 for training and testing the models. Third, twelve landslide conditioning and triggering factors ( such as altitude, slope, aspect, plan and profile curvatures, distance to roads, distance to streams, distance to faults, rainfall, seismicity, land use and lithology) were selected and categorized in two groups consisting of numerical and nominal values. Then, each conditioning factor was classified and the weight of each class was determined by using FR and WOE models. The outputs of individual statistical and hybrid methods were applied to determine nominal and continuous numerical data, respectively. In the hybrid approach, the calculated weights of each class were allocated to the center of each class, and the rest of the weights were determined by ANFIS. Landslide locations which were not used in training the models were used for validation. The produced susceptibility maps were validated and compared using area under the curve ( AUC). Results indicated that predictive performances of hybrid models ( FR-ANFIS and WOE-ANFIS) have better performance than the statistical models ( FR and WOE). The AUCs of success rates are 85, 86, 87 and 87% and the AUCs of predicted rates are 82, 82, 85 and 84% for FR, WOE, FR-ANFIS, and WOE-ANFIS, respectively. Additionally, frequency ratio plots ( FRP) and seed cells area index SCAI methods were also employed for a second round of validation. The FRP and SCAI graphs illustrated higher performance for the hybrid LSM models. The proposed approach can be applied in other types of natural hazard modeling such as flood, land subsidence, and gully erosion.
C1 [Aghdam, Iman Nasiri] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Fac Environm & Energy, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran.
   [Aghdam, Iman Nasiri; Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, GISRC, Fac Engn, Serdang, Malaysia.
   [Aghdam, Iman Nasiri; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Panahi, Mahdi] Sejong Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Resources Engn, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
   [Panahi, Mahdi] Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researcher & Elits Club, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
C3 Islamic Azad University; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Sejong University;
   Islamic Azad University
RP Aghdam, IN (corresponding author), Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Fac Environm & Energy, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran.; Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, GISRC, Fac Engn, Serdang, Malaysia.; Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Sejong Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Resources Engn, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
EM Nasiriaghdam.iman@gmail.com; biswajeet24@gmail.com
TC 72
Z9 77
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 6
AR 237
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-6558-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000398451000005
ER

PT J
AU Yin, JH
   Chen, J
   Xu, XW
   Wang, XL
   Zheng, YG
AF Yin Jinhui
   Chen Jie
   Xu XiWei
   Wang Xulong
   Zheng Yonggang
TI The characteristics of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan
   Ms 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; DEM; GIS; Wenchuan earthquake
ID PREDICTIVE MODELING TECHNIQUES; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ZONATION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ZONATION; GIS;
   STATISTICS; VALLEY; BASIN; RIVER
AB This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the number and area of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan. In this study the controlling factors of landslides are obtained from geological maps, relief amplitude, slope, and topographic roughness calculated from DEM data in ArcGis 9.2. A total of 4134 landslides are identified from digital aero-image of 1 m resolution, covering 19.7 km(2) that accounts for 6.4% of the study area. The number of landslides with areas less than 5000 m(2) is up to 85.22%. The smallest landslide is 6 m(2) and the largest 1515,000 m(2). The number of landslides which have occurred is 1.6 times more prevalent at hanging walls as opposed to foot walls. Also the relationship between the numbers of landslides and the distances to an earthquake rupture at a hanging wall is linear but exponential at a footwall. These results prove that landslide activity is more severe at hanging walls than at foot walls. The outcrop area of geologic unit is proportional to the number of landslides except the Jurassic, Triassic and Quaternary units (R-2 = 0.952) in the study area, and landslide density is 19. Meanwhile the area of a landslide is linearly proportional to outcrop area of geologic unit except Jurassic. Lower Cambrian and Quaternary unit (R-2 = 0.8279) in the study area and appear to indicate that the lithology does not play an important role in landslides in the study area.
   Earthquake-triggered landslides tend to be concentrated in specific zones associated with the event-controlling parameters such as reliefs, slopes and topographic roughness. The landslides occurred particularly in the range of 600-1293 m relief amplitudes, and the number in this range amounts to 90% of total slides in the studied region. Moreover, landslides easily occurred in the curvature 1-15 with slope between 5 degrees and 55 degrees. In addition, landslides also usually occurred in the range of 1-1.5 topographic roughness. Therefore these correlations provide a way to assess regional landslide hazards and are of great significance to regional geohazard planning and prediction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yin Jinhui; Chen Jie; Zheng Yonggang] China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Xulong] Chinese Acad Sci, SKLLQG, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS
RP Yin, JH (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM z680i@163.com
TC 53
Z9 65
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD MAR 25
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 5-6
BP 452
EP 459
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.12.002
SC Geology
UT WOS:000275289700005
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, XH
   Fu, XD
   Wu, K
   Zhang, ZP
   Xi, T
   Kang, JY
   Sheng, Q
AF Zhao, Xuehan
   Fu, Xiaodong
   Wu, Kai
   Zhang, Zhenping
   Xi, Tian
   Kang, Jingyu
   Sheng, Qian
TI Multi-stage instability mechanisms and risk analysis of accumulation
   landslides under sequential earthquake-rainfall actions: a case study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Slope stability; Strong earthquake; Post-seismic rainfall; Finite volume
   method; Limit equilibrium method
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE
AB Strong seismic events can induce co-seismic slope instability, and the subsequent rainfall can further aggravate the damage within accumulation landslides, posing compounded hazards. Understanding the multi-stage failure mechanisms and assessing the associated risks under sequential earthquake-rainfall conditions are vital for disaster prevention in seismic regions. This study focuses on the K3-H05 landslide along the Hailuogou Scenic Road, triggered by the 2022 Luding Earthquake. A simplified pre- and post-event landslide model was constructed based on UAV imagery, and the dynamic damage to the slope induced by seismic shaking was analyzed through the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and the Newmark permanent displacement analysis. Coupled stress-seepage simulations, incorporating regional rainfall data, were employed to evaluate slope stability under post-seismic precipitation conditions. Moreover, the secondary instability process was simulated using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) incorporating \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mu \left( I \right)$$\end{document} rheological constitutive model. The results indicate that seismic acceleration is amplified significantly at slope crests and the interface between loose accumulation layer and bedrock, with permanent displacement corresponding to "super high" risk level, consistent with field observations. The post-earthquake degradation of the soil structure, combined with sustained rainfall, reduced the slope safety factor below unity, substantially elevating the likelihood of secondary failure. The landslide subsequently destroyed portions of the scenic road and deposited substantial material at the slope toe. Based on the findings, post-disaster reconstruction strategies such as elevated bridges and piled slab walls are proposed to mitigate future risks. This research provides technical references for slope risk prevention and control in high-intensity seismic zones.
C1 [Zhao, Xuehan; Fu, Xiaodong; Xi, Tian; Kang, Jingyu; Sheng, Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn Safety, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Xuehan; Fu, Xiaodong; Xi, Tian; Kang, Jingyu; Sheng, Qian] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Kai] Sichuan Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhenping] Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; Shenyang University of Technology
RP Fu, XD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn Safety, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.; Fu, XD (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM xdfu@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD NOV
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 23
AR 699
DI 10.1007/s12665-025-12688-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001626730700002
ER

PT J
AU Barlow, J
   Barisin, I
   Rosser, N
   Petley, D
   Densmore, A
   Wright, T
AF Barlow, John
   Barisin, Ivana
   Rosser, Nick
   Petley, David
   Densmore, Alexander
   Wright, Tim
TI Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from
   the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah,
   Mexico
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquakes; Landslides; Volumetric flux; Orogenesis
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN BELT; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; INDUCED
   LANDSLIDES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NORMAL-FAULT; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA;
   FREQUENCY; SEDIMENT
AB The observation that sediment flux from mountain ranges struck by high magnitude earthquakes can be strongly influenced by coseismic mass movements brings into question the nature of coseismic deformation as a net contributor to mountain building. To better constrain the role of high-magnitude earthquakes in orogenesis, high-resolution data of earthquake induced mass wasting is required for areas of differing tectonic, morphological, and climatic settings. Here we compare the erosional flux to the tectonic flux associated with the 2010 M-W = 72 Sierra El Mayor earthquake in Mexico and examine the landslide patterning of coseismic mass movements associated with this event. The ruptured fault system has a significant strike-slip component with subsidence along the eastern flank and uplift on the western flank of the range. Peak ground acceleration was highest along the steepest sections of the range such that the frequency of landslide occurrence was strongly correlated to slope gradient Both vertical and horizontal coseismic displacement demonstrated a strong control over land-slide initiation. This result suggests that strike-slip systems experience very different landslide patterning to thrust faults during earthquakes. Based on interferometric analysis of synthetic aperture radar images, the earthquake resulted in a total uplifted volume of 41.6 x 10(6) m(3) and a loss of 952 x 10(6) m(3) due to subsidence. This suggests a net tectonic volumetric flux of -53.6 x 10(6) m(3). Sediment mobilisation by coseismic landslides is estimated at -2.7 x 10(6) m(3) derived from a manually mapped inventory using SPOT 5 multispectral imagery. Thus, the net volume loss through coseismic subsidence of the mountain range generated a strongly negative mass flux, which was only marginally enhanced by mass wasting. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Barlow, John] Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England.
   [Barisin, Ivana] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
   [Rosser, Nick; Densmore, Alexander] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3HP, England.
   [Petley, David] Univ E Anglia, PVC Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
   [Wright, Tim] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
C3 University of Sussex; University of Oxford; Durham University;
   University of East Anglia; University of Leeds
RP Barlow, J (corresponding author), Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England.
EM john.barlow@sussex.ac.uk
TC 35
Z9 37
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 1
PY 2015
VL 230
BP 138
EP 145
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.11.012
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000348963700011
ER

PT J
AU Bernard, TG
   Lague, D
   Steer, P
AF Bernard, Thomas G.
   Lague, Dimitri
   Steer, Philippe
TI Beyond 2D landslide inventories and their rollover: synoptic 3D
   inventories and volume from repeat lidar data
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIME-SERIES;
   MONTAGUTO LANDSLIDE; AIRBORNE; UNCERTAINTY; EROSION; AREAS;
   PHOTOGRAMMETRY; CLASSIFICATION
AB Efficient and robust landslide mapping and volume estimation is essential to rapidly infer landslide spatial distribution, to quantify the role of triggering events on landscape changes, and to assess direct and secondary landslide-related geomorphic hazards. Many efforts have been made to develop landslide mapping methods, based on 2D satellite or aerial images, and to constrain the empirical volume-area (V-A) relationship which, in turn, would allow for the provision of indirect estimates of landslide volume. Despite these efforts, major issues remain, including the uncertainty in the V-A scaling, landslide amalgamation and the underdetection of landslides. To address these issues, we propose a new semiautomatic 3D point cloud differencing method to detect geomorphic changes, filter out false landslide detections due to lidar elevation errors, obtain robust landslide inventories with an uncertainty metric, and directly measure the volume and geometric properties of landslides. This method is based on the multiscale model-to-model cloud comparison (M3C2) algorithm and was applied to a multitemporal airborne lidar dataset of the Kaikoura region, New Zealand, following the M-w 7.8 earthquake of 14 November 2016.
   In a 5 km(2) area, the 3D point cloud differencing method detects 1118 potential sources. Manual labeling of 739 potential sources shows the prevalence of false detections in forest-free areas (24.4 %), due to spatially correlated elevation errors, and in forested areas (80 %), related to ground classification errors in the pre-earthquake (pre-EQ) dataset. Combining the distance to the closest deposit and signal-to-noise ratio metrics, the filtering step of our workflow reduces the prevalence of false source detections to below 1% in terms of total area and volume of the labeled inventory. The final predicted inventory contains 433 landslide sources and 399 deposits with a lower limit of detection size of 20m(2) and a total volume of 724 297 +/- 141 087m(3) for sources and 954 029 +/- 159 188m(3) for deposits. Geometric properties of the 3D source inventory, including the V - A relationship, are consistent with previous results, except for the lack of the classically observed rollover of the distribution of source area. A manually mapped 2D inventory from aerial image comparison has a better lower limit of detection (6m(2)) but only identifies 258 landslide scars, exhibits a rollover in the distribution of source area of around 20m(2), and underestimates the total area and volume of 3D-detected sources by 72% and 58 %, respectively. Detection and delimitation errors in the 2D inventory occur in areas with limited texture change (bare-rock surfaces, forests) and at the transition between sources and deposits that the 3D method accurately captures. Large rotational/translational landslides and retrogressive scars can be detected using the 3D method irrespective of area's vegetation cover, but they are missed in the 2D inventory owing to the dominant vertical topographic change. The 3D inventory misses shallow (< 0.4m depth) landslides detected using the 2D method, corresponding to 10% of the total area and 2% of the total volume of the 3D inventory. Our data show a systematic size-dependent underdetection in the 2D inventory below 200m(2) that may explain all or part of the rollover observed in the 2D landslide source area distribution. While the 3D segmentation of complex clustered landslide sources remains challenging, we demonstrate that 3D point cloud differencing offers a greater detection sensitivity to small changes than a classical difference of digital elevation models (DEMs). Our results underline the vast potential of 3D-derived inventories to exhaustively and objectively quantify the impact of extreme events on topographic change in regions prone to landsliding, to detect a variety of hillslope mass movements that cannot be captured by 2D landslide mapping, and to explore the scaling properties of landslides in new ways.
C1 [Bernard, Thomas G.; Lague, Dimitri; Steer, Philippe] Univ Rennes, Geosci Rennes UMR 6118, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France.
C3 Universite de Rennes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU)
RP Bernard, TG (corresponding author), Univ Rennes, Geosci Rennes UMR 6118, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France.
EM thomas.bernard@univ-rennes1.fr
TC 39
Z9 43
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PD AUG 26
PY 2021
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1013
EP 1044
DI 10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000691778000001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   Pei, Z
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Hicher, PY
AF Hu, Wei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Xu, Qiang
   Pei, Zhuan
   Van Asch, Theo W. J.
   Hicher, Pierre-Yves
TI Sensitivity of the initiation and runout of flowslides in loose granular
   deposits to the content of small particles: An insight from flume tests
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Flowslide; Landslide; Small particle content; Flume test; Fluidization;
   Instability
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; MOBILIZATION; LIQUEFACTION; MOVEMENTS; FAILURE;
   MODEL
AB Landslides of the flow type are among the most destructive mass movements due to their potential high mobility, long runout distance and capacity of entraining further material during movement. Generation of positive pore pressure excess is considered to be a fundamental triggering mechanism which, in some cases, can produce stress state instability and fluidization of both fine-grained and granular deposits, resulting in extremely fast and catastrophic events. Several experimental works and theoretical studies have been carried out so far to investigate the initiation mechanism and runout of flowslides. However, efforts are still needed to improve the understanding, for instance, of the role of the soil grading on the initiation and evolution of the movement. To this aim, a series of flume tests has been carried out using granular mixtures of coarse and small particles. High temporal resolution data acquisition has been used to investigate the onset of failure in terms of pore pressures, surface and internal displacements and vibration signals. By means of shear-controlled triaxial tests and permeability tests, the hydraulic conductivity has been found to be a controlling factor in the landslide initiation, whereas the uniqueness of the instability line the lower bound of potentially unstable stress states regardless of the soil grading, suggests that pore pressure measurement in the field can serve as a reliable indicator in early warning systems.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Xu, Qiang; Pei, Zhuan; Van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Hicher, Pierre-Yves] Ecole Cent Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6183, GeM, Nantes, France.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University; Nantes Universite;
   Ecole Centrale de Nantes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Engineering & Systems Sciences (INSIS)
RP Hu, W (corresponding author), Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huwei1999@126.com
TC 58
Z9 60
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 14
PY 2017
VL 231
BP 34
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.10.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000418975600005
ER

PT J
AU Li, TY
   He, BH
   Chen, ZP
   Zhang, Y
   Liang, C
AF Li, Tianyang
   He, Binghui
   Chen, Zhanpeng
   Zhang, Yi
   Liang, Chuan
TI Effects of gravel on concentrated flow hydraulics and erosion in
   simulated landslide deposits
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Hydraulic parameters; Gravel content; Soil and water loss; Scouring
   experiment; Landslide
ID ROCK FRAGMENT COVER; SEDIMENT YIELD; SOIL INFILTRATION; OVERLAND-FLOW;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CULTIVATED SOILS; RUNOFF; ROUGHNESS; WATER; AREA
AB Gravel has an important influence on concentrated flow hydraulics and soil and water loss. We conducted a field investigation and a subsequent simulated scouring experiment with four gravel contents (0, 25, 33.3, 50%) and three inflow rates (4, 8, 12 L/min) under two steep slopes (67.5, 72.7%). We assessed the characteristics of concentrated flow hydraulics, including flow velocity, flow depth, Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient (f), and the rate of soil and water loss (SW). We observed significant effects of gravel and inflow rate on hydraulics and erosion, as well as interactions between gravel and inflow rate. The mean flow velocity reduced as the gravel content increased. The changes in flow depth fluctuated with gravel content in the order 25 > 0 > 50 > 33.3%. Re was larger in 0% gravel than in 25, 33.3 and 50% gravel. Fr was > 1 in 0% gravel but was approximately equal to 1 in gravel-containing soils. Values off were lowest in 0% gravel. The f values for gravel-containing soils not only decreased as the gravel content increased, but also had a significant relationship with the corresponding Re values. SW was maximal in 25% gravel content and gradually declined for gravel content beyond 25%. SW had a significant logarithmic relationship with Re. The results have significant implications for predictions of soil and water loss steeply sloping, gravel-rich, soils.
C1 [Li, Tianyang; He, Binghui; Chen, Zhanpeng] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianyang; Liang, Chuan] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianyang; Liang, Chuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yi] Changjiang River Sci Res Inst, Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 400026, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University - China; Sichuan University; Sichuan University;
   Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Bureau
RP He, BH (corresponding author), Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
EM hebinghui@swu.edu.cn
TC 22
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 156
BP 197
EP 204
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2017.04.015
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000404305700020
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Ran, HL
   Yang, WT
AF Chen, X. L.
   Ran, H. L.
   Yang, W. T.
TI Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by
   the Wenchuan earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FAULT; CALIFORNIA; CHUETSU
AB During the 12 May 2008, Wenchuan earthquake in China, more than 15 000 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. Among these landslides, there were 112 large landslides generated with a plane area greater than 50 000 m(2). These large landslides were markedly distributed closely along the surface rupture zone in a narrow belt and were mainly located on the hanging wall side. More than 85% of the large landslides are presented within the range of 10 km from the rupture. Statistical analysis shows that more than 50% of large landslides occurred in the hard rock and second-hard rock, like migmatized metamorphic rock and carbonate rock, which crop out in the south part of the damaged area with higher elevation and steeper landform in comparison with the northeast part of the damaged area. All large landslides occurred in the region with seismic intensity >= X except a few of landslides in the Qingchuan region with seismic intensity IX. Spatially, the large landslides can be centred into four segments, namely the Yingxiu, the Gaochuan, the Beichuan and the Qingchuan segments, from southwest to northeast along the surface rupture. This is in good accordance with coseismic displacements. With the change of fault type from reverse-dominated slip to dextral slip from southwest to northeast, the largest distance between the triggered large landslides and the rupture decreases from 15 km to 5 km. The critical acceleration a(c) for four typical large landslides in these four different segments were estimated by the Newmark model in this paper. Our results demonstrate that, given the same strength values and slope angles, the characteristics of slope mass are important for slope stability and deeper landslides are less stable than shallower landslides. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the large catastrophic landslides could be specifically tied to a particular geological setting where fault type and geometry change abruptly. This feature may dominate the occurrence of large landslides. The results will be useful for improving reliable assessments of earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, especially for large landslides which may result in serious damages.
C1 [Chen, X. L.; Ran, H. L.] China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, W. T.] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Beijing
   Normal University
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, State Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM 04chxl@sina.com
TC 30
Z9 35
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 12
BP 3645
EP 3657
DI 10.5194/nhess-12-3645-2012
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000312697400005
ER

PT J
AU Mazumder, D
   Das, R
   Das, S
   Singh, TN
AF Mazumder, Debasish
   Das, Ratan
   Das, Sourav
   Singh, T. N.
TI Understanding the landslide trigger mechanism in gently dipping shale
   beds: A case study from Aizawl, Mizoram, India
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide; rainfall analysis; numerical modelling; UDEC;
   physico-mechanical properties
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BEHAVIOR; WATER; STABILITY; MOISTURE; STRENGTH
AB This research shows the failure mechanism of the rainfall-induced Durtlang landslide in dipping shale beds, causing catastrophic damage to the BSUP housing complex in Aizawl, Mizoram, on 2nd July 2019. The attitude of the shale bed was similar to 28 degrees towards N55 degrees E. Intact shale samples were collected from the failed zone, and their physico-mechanical properties were tested under dry and wet conditions. The petrographic study revealed the presence of Quartz, Biotite, clay minerals, etc. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and point load index (PLI) indicated a 29.00%, 56.79%, and 33.61% decrease, respectively, in wet conditions when compared to dry. A thorough 10-year sum average rainfall and soil moisture analysis reveals a strong detrimental effect of rainfall and soil moisture on Durtlang's slope failure. The slope was numerically simulated in a distinct element code under dry and wet conditions to understand the failure mechanism. The results showed that there was a 42.98%, 21.25% and 41.25% increase in total displacement, maximum velocity and maximum shear displacement, respectively, and 7.35% decrease of maximum unbalanced force in wet conditions, when compared to dry. A factor-of-safety (FoS) of 1.20 and 0.89 was obtained for the slope when simulated under dry and wet conditions, respectively. The kinematic analysis indicated a probability of a planar mode of failure. The study evaluated the critical parameters of the slope failure in the BSUP housing complex, which posed a significant threat to life and property while emphasizing the need for appropriate characterization of the slope prior to anthropogenic activities in hilly regions for human and infrastructural development.
C1 [Mazumder, Debasish; Das, Ratan; Das, Sourav] Cotton Univ, Dept Geol, Rock Mech & Rock Engn Lab, Gauhati, Assam, India.
   [Singh, T. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Patna, Bihar, India.
C3 Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
   Technology (IIT) - Patna
RP Das, R (corresponding author), Cotton Univ, Dept Geol, Rock Mech & Rock Engn Lab, Gauhati, Assam, India.
EM ratan.das@cottonuniversity.ac.in
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 2347-4327
EI 0973-774X
PD AUG 29
PY 2025
VL 134
IS 3
AR 184
DI 10.1007/s12040-025-02647-6
SC Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001561130300001
ER

PT J
AU Cai, JH
   Zhang, L
   Dong, J
   Dong, XJ
   Li, MH
   Xu, Q
   Liao, MS
AF Cai, Jiehua
   Zhang, Lu
   Dong, Jie
   Dong, Xiujun
   Li, Menghua
   Xu, Qiang
   Liao, Mingsheng
TI Detection and characterization of slow-moving landslides in the 2017
   Jiuzhaigou earthquake area by combining satellite SAR observations and
   airborne Lidar DSM
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Slow-moving landslides; InSAR; Surface
   displacements; Lidar DSM; Geomorphology
ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; CURRENT ISSUES; SPACE-BORNE;
   AUGUST 8; DEFORMATION; CHINA
AB On 8th August 2017, a catastrophic Ms. 7.0 earthquake with a focal depth of 20 km struck the Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan Province, China. It exerted a strong influence on the slope stability within the surrounding areas and triggered numerous secondary geohazards including rockfalls and other co-seismic landslides, which incurred drastic surface changes, and thus can be easily identified from cloud-free high-resolution optical imagery. Most of such landslides became stabilized shortly after the earthquake while others moving very slowly for years. In contrast, some slopes were destabilized without significant surface change into slow-moving landslides, which may pose long-term potential threats to people's life and property. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately identify these slow-moving landslides and regularly monitor their post-seismic activity. In this study, we employed the synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) techniques to detect and monitor slow-moving landslides after the earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area, and analyzed the impacts of the earthquake on these landslides through integration of multi-source data (InSAR, Lidar, optical image, and field survey). As a result, 16 slow-moving landslides were detected by InSAR in the Jiuzhaigou area, including several historical landslides. The results of time-series InSAR analyses enabled identification of three kinds of landslide evolution modes affected by the earthquake, i.e. acceleration of deformation of pre-existing landslides, reactivation of dormant landslide, and remobilization of earthquake-triggered landslide. Each mode is supported by detailed analyses of multi-source data. The results demonstrated that satellite InSAR combined with high-resolution Lidar and optical data can provide a cost-effective approach of post-earthquake geohazards detection and monitoring.
C1 [Cai, Jiehua; Zhang, Lu; Liao, Mingsheng] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & Re, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Jie] Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Xiujun; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Menghua] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resource Engn, Wenchang Rd,121 St, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University; Wuhan University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Kunming University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, L (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & Re, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
EM luzhang@whu.edu.cn
TC 40
Z9 41
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 305
AR 106730
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106730
EA JUN 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000863098400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, HF
   Ye, F
   Fu, WX
   Liu, B
   Fang, T
   Li, R
AF Zhou, Hongfu
   Ye, Fei
   Fu, Wenxi
   Liu, Bin
   Fang, Tian
   Li, Rui
TI Dynamic Effect of Landslides Triggered by Earthquake: A Case Study in
   Moxi Town of Luding County, China
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE dynamic effect; coupling of endogenic and exogenic processes;
   landslides; earthquakes; disaster prevention
ID EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAULT-ZONE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SLOPE; HAZARDS; FRACTURE; REGION;
   DAMAGE
AB The dynamic effect is a very important issue widely debated by scholars when studying the genetic and disaster-causing mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides. First, the dynamic effect mechanism and phenomena of earthquake-triggered landslides were summarized in this paper. Then, the primary types of dynamic effects were further used to interpret the Mogangling landslide in Moxi Town of Luding County, China. A field investigation, remote sensing, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis were carried out to illustrate the failure mechanism of slope rock masses affected by earthquakes. The interaction between seismic waves and slope rock masses and the induced dynamic effect of slope rock masses were primarily accounted for in the analysis. The slope topography, rock mass weathering and unloading characteristics, river erosion, regional seismogenic structure, and rock mass structure characteristics were also discussed. The results showed that the formation of the Mogangling landslide was mainly related to the high amplification effect of seismic acceleration and back slope effects, interface dynamic stress effects, and double-sided slope effects of seismic waves caused by the catastrophic Ms 7.75 Moxi Earthquake in 1786. The principles for the site and route selection of large-scale infrastructure in the planning stage and the scientific prevention of seismic geological disasters were proposed on the basis of the dynamic effect of earthquake-induced landslides.
C1 [Zhou, Hongfu; Fang, Tian; Li, Rui] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Ye, Fei; Fu, Wenxi] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt Rivers Protect, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin] Sichuan Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Fang, Tian; Li, Rui] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey;
   Sichuan University; Shandong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhou, HF (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
EM zhf800726@163.com
TC 19
Z9 19
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 35
IS 1
BP 221
EP 234
DI 10.1007/s12583-022-1806-y
SC Geology
UT WOS:001162401600027
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Pourghasemi, HR
   Pradhan, B
   Iqbal, J
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Iqbal, Javed
TI Volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and regional centroid
   position change in the wake of landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010
   Yushu earthquake of China
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslides; The Yushu earthquake; Gravitational potential energy
   reduction; Landscape change; Regional centroid position
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; CENTRAL SOUTHERN ALPS;
   PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS;
   GOLESTAN PROVINCE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS
AB In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and their severe effect on landscape change. This paper presents a quantitative study on the volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and change in landscape related to landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake. At least 2,036 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A total landslide scar area of 1.194 km(2) was delineated from the visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images and was supported by selected field checking. In this paper, we focus on possible answers to the following five questions: (1) What is the total volume of the 2,036 landslides triggered by the earthquake, and what is the average landslide erosion thickness in the earthquake-stricken area? (2) What are the elevations of all landslide materials in relation to pre- and post-landsliding? (3) How much was the gravitational potential energy reduced due to the sliding of these landslide materials? (4) What is the average elevation change caused by these landslides in the study area? (5) What is the vertical change of the regional centroid position above sea level, as induced by these landslides? It is concluded that the total volume of the 2,036 landslides is 2.9399 x 10(6) m(3). The landslide erosion thickness throughout the study area is 2.02 mm. The materials of these landslides moved from an elevation of 4,145.243 to 4,104.697 m, resulting in a decreased distance of 40.546 m. The gravitational potential energy reduction related to the landslides triggered by the earthquake was 2.9213 x 10(12) J. The average regional elevation of the study area is 4,427.160 m, a value consistent with the assumption that the accumulated materials were remained in situ. This value changes from 4,427.160 to 4,427.158 m with all landslide materials moved out of the study area, resulting in a reduction in elevation of 2 mm. Based on the assumption that all landslide materials moved out of the study area, the elevations of the centroid of the study area's crust changed from 2,222.45967 to 2,222.45867 m, which means the centroid value decreased by 1 mm. This value is 0.001 mm when assuming that the materials were remained in situ, which is almost negligible, compared with the situation of "all landslide materials moved out of the study area.".
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza] TMU, Coll Nat Resources & Marine Sci, Nur, Iran.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, Fac Engn, Spatial & Numer Modeling Res Grp, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul, Malaysia.
   [Iqbal, Javed] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Universiti
   Putra Malaysia; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology &
   Geophysics, CAS; COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 7
IS 6
BP 2129
EP 2138
DI 10.1007/s12517-013-1020-4
SC Geology
UT WOS:000336440600003
ER

PT J
AU Ma, JK
   Zhang, JY
   Song, YJ
   Feng, ZY
   Tian, J
   Gu, J
   Li, XB
AF Ma, Jianke
   Zhang, Jianyi
   Song, Yijie
   Feng, Ziyi
   Tian, Jing
   Gu, Jun
   Li, Xiaobo
TI Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal
   Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE bedrock fault dislocation; soil slope; main rupture zone; failure
   mechanism; physical model test
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; SICHUAN PROVINCE; 1994
   NORTHRIDGE; WEIHE GRABEN; LANDSLIDES; AREA; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAIN; CHINA
AB Bedrock fault dislocation is a crucial structural factor influencing landslide movement. Accurately predicting the location and scale of rupture zones within a slope body is essential for effective slope construction design and risk mitigation. Based on an analysis of seismic damage in slope cross-bedrock faults, this article creatively realizes the physical model test of the slope and its covering layer site with soil rupture zones at the top and toe of the slope caused by the dislocation of the bedrock normal fault. Through the model test, macroscopic phenomena were observed, and microscopic analysis was obtained by deploying sensors. The main results were as follows: (i) The evolutionary process of the instability mechanism could be divided into three stages: crack damage stage (Stage I), crack expansion and penetration stage (Stage II), and slope instability stage (Stage III). (ii) Two rupture modes of the soil body in the slope under bedrock dislocation were identified, with the rupture mode at the slope crest having a greater impact on the soil slope. (iii) Inferring the position of bedrock faults through the location of the main rupture zones on the slope surface represents a feasible supplementary method for identifying seismogenic structures during field surveys. These research results provide a scientific basis for the stability assessment of cross-fault slopes and the reinforcement design of landslide disasters.
C1 [Ma, Jianke; Zhang, Jianyi; Song, Yijie; Gu, Jun; Li, Xiaobo] Inst Disaster Prevent, Sch Geol Engn, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Jianke; Zhang, Jianyi; Song, Yijie; Gu, Jun; Li, Xiaobo] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Bldg Collapse Mech & Disaster Prevent, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Jianke; Zhang, Jianyi; Song, Yijie; Gu, Jun; Li, Xiaobo] Hebei Key Lab Earthquake Disaster Prevent & Risk A, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Ziyi; Tian, Jing] Inst Disaster Prevent, Sch Civil Engn, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Disaster Prevention, CEA;
   China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Disaster Prevention, CEA
RP Zhang, JY (corresponding author), Inst Disaster Prevent, Sch Geol Engn, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.; Zhang, JY (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Bldg Collapse Mech & Disaster Prevent, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.; Zhang, JY (corresponding author), Hebei Key Lab Earthquake Disaster Prevent & Risk A, Langfang 065201, Peoples R China.
EM 22661221@st.cidp.edu.cn; zhangjianyi@cidp.edu.cn;
   22661222@st.cidp.edu.cn; 23661423@st.cidp.edu.cn; tianjingle27@163.com;
   17856011372@163.com; lixiaobo@cidp.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 4
AR 1950
DI 10.3390/app15041950
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:001429927300001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, YD
   Xu, C
   He, XL
   Cheng, J
   Huang, Y
   Wu, LZ
   Xu, XW
AF Huang, Yuandong
   Xu, Chong
   He, Xiangli
   Cheng, Jia
   Huang, Yu
   Wu, Lizhou
   Xu, Xiwei
TI Distribution characteristics and cumulative effects of landslides
   triggered by multiple moderate-magnitude earthquakes: a case study of
   the comprehensive seismic impact area in Yibin, Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Xingwen and Changning earthquakes; Seismogenic
   fault; Landslide spatial distribution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE;
   2013 MINXIAN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INVENTORY; YUNNAN; MODEL; MECHANISM;
   EXAMPLE
AB Sichuan Province, as one of the active seismic regions in China, has historically suffered from strong earthquakes. The Xingwen Ms5.7 earthquake in 2018 and the Changning Ms6.0 earthquake in 2019, two moderate-magnitude earthquakes that occurred in Sichuan Province in recent years, happened in quick succession and triggered numerous landslides under similar geological structural conditions. These events provide a rare case study for researching the distribution characteristics and cumulative effects of landslides triggered by multiple earthquakes. This study aims to explore the distribution characteristics and superposition effects of landslides from these two earthquakes and to reveal the complexity and regularity of landslides triggered by multiple moderate magnitude earthquakes by comparing and analyzing the spatial distribution, scale size, and influence factors of landslides from the two earthquakes. The results show that 455 landslides were triggered by the Xingwen earthquake event and 511 landslides were triggered by the Changning earthquake event. The landslides are all mainly small and medium-sized, covering a total area of about 2.33 km2, with similar area frequency distribution trends. There is a certain correlation between the number and area of landslides and each factor. In addition, the landslides are mainly distributed in the middle and lower slopes of slower slopes, and the landslide H/L values are positively correlated with the slope gradient. This study reveals the spatial distribution characteristics and morphological parameter features of landslides triggered by the two earthquakes and their aftershocks, which provides a reference basis for landslide hazard assessment and risk management, as well as a case study and inspiration for the study of landslides under the action of multiple earthquakes.
C1 [Huang, Yuandong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Emergency Management Sci & Engn, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yuandong; Xu, Chong; He, Xiangli] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yuandong; Xu, Chong; He, Xiangli] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Jia; Xu, Xiwei] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn,Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Lizhou] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Mt Bridge & Tunnel Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS; China University of Geosciences; Tongji University; Chongqing
   Jiaotong University
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 12
Z9 16
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 12
BP 2927
EP 2943
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02351-4
EA AUG 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001297011800003
ER

PT J
AU Rao, G
   Cheng, YL
   Lin, AM
   Yan, B
AF Rao, Gang
   Cheng, Yali
   Lin, Aiming
   Yan, Bing
TI Relationship between Landslides and Active Normal Faulting in the
   Epicentral Area of the AD 1556 M∼8.5 Huaxian Earthquake, SE Weihe
   Graben (Central China)
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslides; active normal faults; Huaxian Earthquake; Weihe Graben;
   Ordos Block
ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; TECTONICS; BASIN; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA;
   EXTENSION; EVOLUTION
AB In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of the landslides developed in the epicentral area of AD 1556 M similar to 8.5 Huaxian Earthquake, and discuss their relations to the active normal faults in the SE Weihe Graben, Central China. The results from analyzing high-resolution remote-sensing imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs), in combination with field survey, demonstrate that: (i) the landslides observed in the study area range from small-scale debris/rock falls to large-scale rock avalanches; (ii) the landslides are mostly developed upon steep slopes of >= 30*; and (iii) the step-like normal fault scarps along the range-fronts of the Huashan Mountains as well as the thick loess sediments in the Weinan area may facilitate the occurrence of large landslides. The results presented in this study would be helpful to assess the potential landslide hazards in densely-populated areas affected by active normal faulting.
C1 [Rao, Gang; Cheng, Yali] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Rao, Gang; Lin, Aiming; Yan, Bing] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
   [Yan, Bing] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Kyoto University; Nanjing University
RP Rao, G (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Rao, G (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
EM raogang@zju.edu.cn
TC 24
Z9 34
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, BEIJING
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LUMO RD, WUHAN, 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 28
IS 3
BP 545
EP 554
DI 10.1007/s12583-017-0900-z
SC Geology
UT WOS:000402694100014
ER

PT J
AU Del Gaudio, V
   Muscillo, S
   Wasowski, J
AF Del Gaudio, Vincenzo
   Muscillo, Sandro
   Wasowski, Janusz
TI What we can learn about slope response to earthquakes from ambient noise
   analysis: An overview
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Earthquakes; Site amplification; Ambient noise; Nakamura's
   method; Cross-correlation analysis
ID FREQUENCY SURFACE-WAVES; SEISMIC RESPONSE; SITE RESPONSE; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; PACOIMA-CANYON; LANDSLIDE; INVERSION; VELOCITY; HAZARD;
   FIELD
AB Earthquake induced slope failures are responsible for a significant amount of life loss and damage, and their effective mitigation requires further advancements in our comprehension of slope behaviour under seismic shaking. One source of uncertainty in seismic landslide susceptibility assessment is the phenomenon of enhanced amplification of ground motion along down slope directions. This implies a strength demand beyond that estimated by standard slope stability analysis. An extensive accelerometer monitoring of slope dynamic response in areas exposed to seismic landslide hazard is unfeasible. An alternative approach can take advantage of recent development of reconnaissance techniques based on the analysis of ambient noise recorded by portable instruments. The most popular technique, known as Nakamura or HVNR method, consists in analysing H/V spectral ratios between Horizontal and Vertical components of Noise Recording, and allows the recognition of site resonance frequencies. The application of HVNR to complex site conditions typical of marginally stable slopes is often difficult and requires the development of "ad hoc" procedures both for acquisition and analysis of noise recording. Tests in different geologic and geomorphic settings show that an analysis of azimuthal variation of spectral ratios can reveal the presence and orientation of directional resonance, whereas the recognition of main resonance frequencies requires a proper selection of signals to be analysed. Efforts to evaluate amplification factors currently rely on numerical simulations, which in turn require S-wave velocity of slope materials. Ambient noise analysis in terms of velocity models can contribute through the inversion of H/V spectral ratios and surface wave velocity dispersion curves derived from the processing of multiple simultaneous noise recordings. However these applications require a correct identification of the nature of surface waves present in the noise recording. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Del Gaudio, Vincenzo; Muscillo, Sandro] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
   [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
C3 Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Consiglio Nazionale delle
   Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica
   (IRPI-CNR)
RP Del Gaudio, V (corresponding author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
EM vincenzo.delgaudio@uniba.it
TC 102
Z9 105
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 182
EP 200
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.05.010
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600008
ER

PT J
AU Shi, W
   Jiang, HC
   Alsop, GI
AF Shi, Wei
   Jiang, Hanchao
   Alsop, G. Ian
TI Tectonic signals documented in gravel and silt beds: A comprehensive
   review of the eastern Tibetan plateau
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Gravel accumulation; Silt deposition; Tectonic signals; Eastern Tibetan
   plateau; Tectonically active areas
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT DEFORMATION STRUCTURES; LACUSTRINE
   SEDIMENTS; XINMO LANDSLIDE; POLLEN RECORD; TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS; SEISMIC
   ACTIVITIES; SICHUAN BASIN; CRUSTAL FLOW; DAMMED LAKE
AB Extracting tectonic signals from sediments in tectonically active areas is important for revealing the history of regional tectonic activity. However, in previous studies, tectonic and climatic signals have often been confused. In this study, we discuss the tectonic signals recorded in Quaternary sediments on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, combined with the geological, geomorphic, regional climate and geographical settings, and summarize six aspects of the sedimentary characteristics of tectonically generated gravels related to seismic landslides, providing an effective reference for other tectonically active areas. In addition, earthquakes commonly cause intermittent changes in the availability of fine particles in provenance areas, which is the rationale for revealing seismic events through a high-resolution sedimentary sequence from which hydrological fluctuations can not be easily identified. The tectonic control of Quaternary sedimentation on the eastern Tibetan Plateau has improved the previous crude understanding of water flow genesis and is of considerable significance for extending research on tectonic activity and assessing seismic hazards.
C1 [Shi, Wei; Jiang, Hanchao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Hanchao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Lhasa Geophys Natl Observat & Res Stn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Hanchao] Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduct Natl Field, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Alsop, G. Ian] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Geol & Geophys, Aberdeen, Scotland.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; University of
   Aberdeen
RP Jiang, HC (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Jiang, HC (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Lhasa Geophys Natl Observat & Res Stn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Jiang, HC (corresponding author), Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduct Natl Field, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM hcjiang@ies.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0191-8141
EI 1873-1201
PD MAR
PY 2024
VL 180
AR 105067
DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105067
EA JAN 2024
SC Geology
UT WOS:001186474300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, LH
   Liu, XN
   Mao, J
   Shao, LY
   Li, TC
AF Zhao, Lanhao
   Liu, Xunnan
   Mao, Jia
   Shao, Linyu
   Li, Tongchun
TI Three-dimensional distance potential discrete element method for the
   numerical simulation of landslides
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslides; Travel trajectory; Endangered area; Discrete element method;
   Distance potential function
ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; DEBRIS FLOWS; MODEL; PREDICTION; ROCK; DDA;
   FORMULATION; RUNOUT; BLOCK; FIELD
AB The study focuses on the kinetic process of landslides, including associated travel trajectory and endangered area. A three-dimensional distance potential discrete element method for the movement process of landslides is developed in this work. Benefited from a new definition of the distance potential function with a clear physical meaning, a holonomic system of the calculation algorithm for the contact interaction is established, accounting for the influence of the tangential contact force. Performance of the new approach is validated with well-known benchmarks, which consist of a block impact simulation, a sliding/toppling test of a joint rock slope, and block response to induced acceleration in the foundation. The results are in good agreement with the analytical solutions, showing an ability of the newly method in capturing the microscopic mechanical behaviors and macro-motion characteristics of individual blocks. After the verification of the overall performance by three cases, the proposed method is applied to simulate the Tangjiashan Landslide trigged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
C1 [Zhao, Lanhao; Liu, Xunnan; Mao, Jia; Shao, Linyu; Li, Tongchun] Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tongchun] Hohai Univ, Coll Agr Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University; Hohai University
RP Zhao, LH (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM zhaolanhao@hhu.edu.cn
TC 43
Z9 44
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 2
BP 361
EP 377
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01282-9
EA OCT 2019
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000494201500001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, ZY
   Ma, LQ
   Yu, S
   Chen, SJ
   Zhou, XB
   Sun, P
   Li, X
AF Chen, Zuyu
   Ma, Liqiu
   Yu, Shu
   Chen, Shujing
   Zhou, Xingbo
   Sun, Ping
   Li, Xu
TI Back Analysis of the Draining Process of the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Dam breach; Back analysis; Soil erosion rate; Barrier lake
ID DAM; EROSION; SOIL
AB This study attempts to use a dam breach model to reproduce the well-monitored outflow hydrograph obtained during the dam breaching process of the Tangjiashan barrier lake, which was formed by a landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The key parameters that affect the model results, such as soil erosion and breach lateral enlargement, are reviewed by using field measurements followed by extensive sensitivity studies. The present paper advocates a hyperbolic model for soil erosion rate and a circular slip surface approach for breach lateral enlargement, which contribute to more reliable model results. The governing equations are solved using a numerical method that allows straightforward calculations coded in an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. This provides an easy, transparent, and robust tool that could enable practicing engineers to perform dam breach analyses with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties involved. This back analysis confirms that the peak outflow can be predicted with reasonable accuracy if the input values of the key model parameters are within well-understood ranges. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Chen, Zuyu; Yu, Shu; Sun, Ping] State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zuyu; Ma, Liqiu; Yu, Shu; Sun, Ping] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Liqiu] Guizhou Power Engn Construct Supervis Co, Guiyang 550005, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shujing] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Architecture & Civil Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xingbo] Xian Univ Technol, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower Engn, Xian 710048, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xu] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Beijing
   University of Technology; Xi'an University of Technology; Beijing
   Jiaotong University
RP Chen, ZY (corresponding author), State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM chenzuyu@cashq.ac.cn; lqmo_912@163.com; yushu@iwhr.com;
   1023751816@qq.com; zhou_xingbo@126.com; sunping@iwhr.com;
   ceXuLi2012@gmail.com
TC 113
Z9 142
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9429
EI 1943-7900
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 141
IS 4
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000965
SC Engineering; Water Resources
UT WOS:000351458700003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Li, Y
   Hong, QY
   Zhao, YH
AF Chen XiaoLi
   Li Yang
   Hong QiYu
   Zhao YongHong
TI Numerical simulation of earthquake effects on rock slope
SO ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA
DT Article
DE Earthquake effect; Landslides; Stress distribution; Displacement
   distribution
ID STABILITY; DAMS
AB During 5. 12 Wenchuan Earthquake, there were lots of huge landslides and collapses occurred in hard rock areas. This uncommon phenomenon is beyond our knowledge. This paper discussed the different patterns of stress and displacement distributions within a perfect slope when it is subject to horizontal and vertical vibrational loads with various loading time. The analyses were performed using FEPG software. It is found that, both the stress and the displacement appear to reach their peak values when the amplitude of vibration load is 0. 1m. The maximum tensile stress at the top of a slope is bigger than around 100MPa which exceeds the anti-tensile limit of typical hard rocks such as granite, and so on. As a result, the hard rock mass breaks and landslide occurs. The study results also show that vertical vibrational loads would cause bigger stress and displacement peaks than horizontal vibrational loads. Under vertical vibrational load, maximum vertical displacement reached 0. 43m which is much bigger than the amplitude of the original load. Consequently vertical vibration might become the main factor that causes slope failures. Moreover, longer loading time will cause more serious deformation and damage.
C1 [Chen XiaoLi] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Li Yang; Hong QiYu; Zhao YongHong] Peking Univ, Key Lab Orogen Belts & Crustal Evolut, Sch Earth & Space Sci, MOE, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Peking
   University
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM 04chxl@sina.com
TC 3
Z9 13
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1000-0569
EI 2095-8927
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 6
BP 1899
EP 1908
SC Geology
UT WOS:000292995600027
ER

PT J
AU Yang, BL
   Wang, SX
   Zhou, Y
   Wang, FT
   Hu, Q
   Chang, Y
   Zhao, Q
AF Yang, Baolin
   Wang, Shixin
   Zhou, Yi
   Wang, Futao
   Hu, Qiao
   Chang, Ying
   Zhao, Qing
TI Extraction of road blockage information for the Jiuzhaigou earthquake
   based on a convolution neural network and very-high-resolution satellite
   images
SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
DT Article
DE Convolution neural network; Very-high-resolution satellite images; Road
   blockage information; Jiuzhaigou earthquake
ID DAMAGE DETECTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSLIDE
AB Road blockage information extraction from a single-phase postdisaster image is difficult because roads are narrow and easily covered by vegetation. The traditional object-oriented image analysis method is restrictive, and its detection is slow. A deep learning algorithm, i.e., the convolution neural network (CNN), is applied to rapidly extract road blockage information. An algorithm for sample generation is designed to construct a typical sample library for CNN training, and an appropriate CNN structure and a complete detection process are designed to extract road blockage information. Finally, by taking the Jiuzhaigou earthquake on August 8, 2017, as an example, experimental verification is carried out. The kappa coefficient and the F1 score of the results are 77.60% and 87.95%, respectively. The extraction of road blockages can be completed with an efficiency of 14.59 km(2) per hour. The requirements for disaster emergency monitoring can be met by the accuracy and efficiency of this method, which are better than those of the traditional object-oriented method.
C1 [Yang, Baolin; Wang, Shixin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Futao; Hu, Qiao; Chang, Ying; Zhao, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Baolin; Hu, Qiao; Chang, Ying] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, SX; Wang, FT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM wangsx@radi.ac.cn; wangft@radi.ac.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1865-0473
EI 1865-0481
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 13
IS 1
BP 115
EP 127
DI 10.1007/s12145-019-00413-z
SC Computer Science; Geology
UT WOS:000514814700008
ER

PT J
AU Croissant, T
   Steer, P
   Lague, D
   Davy, P
   Jeandet, L
   Hilton, RG
AF Croissant, Thomas
   Steer, Philippe
   Lague, Dimitri
   Davy, Philippe
   Jeandet, Louise
   Hilton, Robert G.
TI Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking
   tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Earthquake; River morphodynamics; Landscape evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ALPINE FAULT EARTHQUAKE; RIVER INCISION MODEL;
   PLATE BOUNDARY; MOUNTAIN BELT; SOUTH ISLAND; NEW-ZEALAND; TRIGGERED
   INCREASE; CARBON EXPORT; EVOLUTION
AB In tectonically active mountain ranges, landslides triggered by earthquakes mobilise large volumes of sediment that affect river dynamics. This sediment delivery can cause downstream changes in river geometry and transport capacity that affect the river efficiency to export this sediment out of the epicentre area. The subsequent propagation of landslide deposits in the fluvial network has implications for the management of hazards downstream and for the long-term evolution of topography over multiple seismic cycles. A full understanding of the processes and time scales associated with the removal of landslide sediment by rivers following earthquakes however, is still lacking. Here, we propose a nested numerical approach to investigate the processes controlling the post-seismic sediment evacuation at the mountain range scale, informed by results from a reach scale model. First, we explore the river morphodynamic response to a landslide cascade at the reach-scale using a 2D modelling approach. The results are then used to describe empirically the evacuation of a landslide volume which avoids using a computationally extensive model in catchments which may have thousands of co-seismic landslides. Second, we propose a reduced-complexity model to quantify evacuation times of earthquake-triggered landslide clusters at the scale of a mountain range, examining the hypothetical case of a M-w 7.9 earthquake and its aftershocks occurring on the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Our approach combines an empirical description of co-seismic landslide clusters with the sediment export processes involved during the post-seismic phase. Our results show that the inter-seismic capacity of the mountain range to evacuate co-seismic sediment is critical to assess the sediment budget of large earthquakes, over one to several seismic cycles. We show that sediment evacuation is controlled by two timescales, 1. the transfer time of material from hillslopes to channels and 2. the evacuation time of the landslide deposits once it has reached the fluvial network In turn, post-seismic sediment evacuation can either be connectivity-limited, when sediment delivery along hillslopes is the main limiting process, or transport-limited, when the transport by rivers is the limiting process. Despite high values of runoff, we suggest that the Southern Alps of New Zealand are likely to be in connectivity-limited conditions, for connection velocities <10 m.yr(-1). Connection velocities >2 m.yr(-1) are sufficient to allow most of co-seismic sediments to be mobilised and potentially exported out of the range within less than one seismic cycle. Because of the poorly-constrained rate of sediment transfer along hillslopes, our results potentially raise the issue of co-seismic sediment accumulation within mountain ranges over several seismic cycles and of the imbalance between tectonic inputs and sediment export. We, therefore, call for renewed observational efforts to better describe and quantify the physical processes responsible for the redistribution and mobilization of sediment from landslide scars and deposits. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Croissant, Thomas; Steer, Philippe; Lague, Dimitri; Davy, Philippe; Jeandet, Louise] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, OSUR, Geosci Rennes, Campus Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
   [Croissant, Thomas; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
C3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Rennes
   2; Universite de Rennes; Durham University
RP Croissant, T (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
EM thomas.croissant@durham.ac.uk
TC 56
Z9 60
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 15
PY 2019
VL 339
BP 87
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.04.017
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000471732000007
ER

PT J
AU Zuo, H
   Shen, H
   Dong, SK
   Wu, SN
   He, FC
   Zhang, R
   Wang, ZY
   Shi, H
   Hao, XH
   Tan, YQ
   Ma, CH
   Li, SM
   Liu, YQ
   Zhang, F
AF Zuo, Hui
   Shen, Hao
   Dong, Shikui
   Wu, Shengnan
   He, Fengcai
   Zhang, Ran
   Wang, Ziying
   Shi, Hang
   Hao, Xinghai
   Tan, Youquan
   Ma, Chunhui
   Li, Shengmei
   Liu, Yongqi
   Zhang, Feng
TI Effects of Strong Earthquake on Plant Species Composition, Diversity,
   and Productivity of Alpine Grassland on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
DT Article
DE seismo-fault; alpine grasslands; vegetation composition; species
   diversity; plant productivity
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; SEED BANKS; SOIL;
   REGENERATION; NITROGEN; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; MAGNITUDE; LANDSLIDE
AB Earthquakes occur frequently in fragile alpine grassland areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), but few studies have evaluated the impacts of seismo-fault of earthquake on alpine grassland vegetation diversity. In this study, we conducted a field survey of plant communities of alpine grassland along the fault zone in the 7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021. Surrounding grassland habitat far from the seismo-fault of earthquake was selected as the control. Plant community metrics around and far from seismic rupture were studied. The results showed that plant community metrics were negatively affected by seismo-fault of earthquake. Species composition around seismo-fault was being shifted from sedges-dominant into forbs-dominant. In addition, the diversity and aboveground biomass were significantly decreased around seismo-fault compared with the control. Our findings highlighted that earthquakes can cause species loss and plant community shift and finally lead to productivity reduction of alpine grassland. Additionally, forbs may be more competitive than other functional groups after the earthquake.
C1 [Zuo, Hui; Shen, Hao; Dong, Shikui; Wu, Shengnan; He, Fengcai; Zhang, Ran; Wang, Ziying; Shi, Hang; Hao, Xinghai; Tan, Youquan; Ma, Chunhui; Li, Shengmei; Liu, Yongqi; Zhang, Feng] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Grassland Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University
RP Shen, H; Dong, SK (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Grassland Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM shenhao@bjfu.edu.cn; dongshikui@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 1664-462X
PD APR 12
PY 2022
VL 13
AR 870613
DI 10.3389/fpls.2022.870613
SC Plant Sciences
UT WOS:000790571800001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, BL
   Yao, LK
   Zhao, HX
   Zhang, C
AF Wang, Baoliang
   Yao, Lingkan
   Zhao, Haixin
   Zhang, Cong
TI The Maximum Height and Attenuation of Impulse Waves Generated by
   Subaerial Landslides
SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION
DT Article
ID TSUNAMIS; MOMENTUM; INSIGHT; MODEL
AB High-speed landslides that flow into reservoirs can cause impulsive water waves. To study the characteristics of the maximum impulse wave's height and its attenuation, 25 sets of flume experiments were conducted using orthogonal theory and 6 main influencing factors were considered. Taking the impulse wave heights as the evaluation criteria and analyzing the 6 influencing factors at 5 different levels, the characteristics of the maximum impulse wave's height and its attenuations were obtained. Then, statistical relationships between the maximum wave height and the controlling factors were proposed. Then, by combining the continuity equation and the hydrodynamic open channel transient flow movement equation, the process of landslide wave height attenuation was studied, and it was found that the attenuation of the wave is consistent with exponential attenuation. Then, combined with the data obtained from the orthogonal experiments, an attenuation equation for the surge was derived. Finally, the proposed equation was validated by applying it to the landslides that took place along the shore of the Zipingpu reservoir, which were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, and the results indicate that the calculated results are very close to the observed results.
C1 [Wang, Baoliang; Yao, Lingkan; Zhao, Haixin; Zhang, Cong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Lingkan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Lingkan] Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yao, LK (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yaolk@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU HINDAWI LTD
PI LONDON
PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, W1T 5HF, ENGLAND
SN 1070-9622
EI 1875-9203
PY 2018
VL 2018
AR 1456579
DI 10.1155/2018/1456579
SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics
UT WOS:000424359300001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Jin, ZD
   Hilton, RG
   Zhang, F
   Li, G
   Densmore, AL
   Gröcke, DR
   Xu, XM
   West, AJ
AF Wang, Jin
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Hilton, Robert G.
   Zhang, Fei
   Li, Gen
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Grocke, Darren R.
   Xu, Xiaomei
   West, A. Joshua
TI Earthquake-triggered increase in biospheric carbon export from a
   mountain belt
SO GEOLOGY
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL ORGANIC-CARBON; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION; LANDSLIDES;
   BURIAL; SEDIMENT; RESPIRATION; CONSTRAINTS; DYNAMICS; MATTER
AB On geological time scales, the erosion of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere and its burial in sediments can counter CO2 emissions from the solid Earth. Earthquakes may increase the erosion of this biospheric carbon and supply it to mountain rivers by triggering landslides, which rapidly strip hillslopes of vegetation and soil. Over the long term, elevated river sediment loads may promote more efficient carbon burial. However, riverine export of earthquake-mobilized carbon has remained poorly constrained. Here we quantify biospheric carbon discharge by the Zagunao River following a large earthquake with a unique set of samples collected before and after the A.D. 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan (China) earthquake. Radioactive and stable carbon isotopes are used to isolate the biospheric carbon, accounting for rock-derived organic carbon inputs. River discharge of biospheric carbon doubled in the downstream reaches, characterized by moderate landslide impact, following the earthquake. The rapid export of carbon from earthquake-triggered landslides appears to outpace its degradation on hillslopes while sediment loads are elevated. This means that enhanced river discharge of biospheric carbon following large earthquakes can link active tectonics to CO2 drawdown.
C1 [Wang, Jin; Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710061, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jin; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Wang, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Zhangdong] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Grocke, Darren R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Xu, Xiaomei] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Durham
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; Xi'an
   Jiaotong University; University of Southern California; Durham
   University; Durham University; University of California System;
   University of California Irvine
RP Jin, ZD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710061, Peoples R China.
EM zhdjin@ieecas.cn; r.g.hilton@durham.ac.uk
TC 30
Z9 39
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 44
IS 6
BP 471
EP 474
DI 10.1130/G37533.1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000378203600020
ER

PT J
AU Aghdam, IN
   Varzandeh, MHM
   Pradhan, B
AF Aghdam, Iman Nasiri
   Varzandeh, Mohammad Hossein Morshed
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
TI Landslide susceptibility mapping using an ensemble statistical index
   (Wi) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model at Alborz
   Mountains (Iran)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; ANFIS; Ensemble; GIS; Alborz Mountain; Iran
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; HOA BINH PROVINCE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL
   PREDICTION; GOLESTAN PROVINCE; GIS; HAZARD
AB The main aim of this paper is to develop a new hybrid method to assess landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) in neighboring provinces of Alborz Mountains in Iran. In the last centuries, this region has experienced a large number of landslides due to its location on earthquake belt, with high precipitation in some parts and having varied topography. Besides, the largest city of Iran (Tehran), a lot of important infrastructures, congested roads and a large population are located in this region. Therefore, determining the spatial outlines of the regions which are prone to future landslides is a critical issue. To reach this goal, the LSM is provided by applying a hybrid model of statistical index (Wi) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in a Geographic Information System. In the first step, landslide inventory map was divided into two groups randomly. These groups are training dataset including 70 % recorded landslides and the remaining 30 % was used to test the model output. The first and second groups are used to determine the weights in model and validation of results, respectively. Then, 12 landslide conditioning factors are selected and categorized into two groups which are continuous numerical and nominal. After that, each factor is classified and the weight of each class is determined using Wi. The outputs of Wi and Wi-ANFIS were employed to determine nominal and continuous numerical data, respectively. In the Wi-ANFIS approach, the calculated weights of each class is allocated to the center of each class, and the rest weights of values are determined by ANFIS which is an artificial algorithm using training data (in this paper, the weights were calculated by Wi) in terms of predicting and interpolating. The results are evaluated using receiver operation curves including success rate curve and predicted rate curve. The validation results of the proposed hybrid method shows that the area under the curve of success rate curve and predicted rate curve are 0.90 and 0.89, respectively, which have been improved in comparison with Wi. The results proved that the suggested model applied in this study generated reliable LSM which can be applicable for primary land use planning and infrastructure site selection.
C1 [Aghdam, Iman Nasiri] Islamic Azad Univ, Fac Environm & Energy, Sci & Res Branch, Dept Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Tehran, Iran.
   [Varzandeh, Mohammad Hossein Morshed] Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Geospatial Informat Sci Res Ctr, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Sejong Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
C3 Islamic Azad University; Islamic Azad University; Universiti Putra
   Malaysia; Sejong University
RP Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Geospatial Informat Sci Res Ctr, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.; Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Sejong Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
EM biswajeet@mailcity.com
TC 173
Z9 182
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 7
AR 553
DI 10.1007/s12665-015-5233-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000373635400012
ER

PT J
AU Martino, S
   Battaglia, S
   D'Alessandro, F
   Della Seta, M
   Esposito, C
   Martini, G
   Pallone, F
   Troiani, F
AF Martino, S.
   Battaglia, S.
   D'Alessandro, F.
   Della Seta, M.
   Esposito, C.
   Martini, G.
   Pallone, F.
   Troiani, F.
TI Earthquake-induced landslide scenarios for seismic microzonation:
   application to the Accumoli area (Rieti, Italy)
SO BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Scenario mapping; Seismic microzonation;
   Italy
ID INDUCED GROUND FAILURES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODELS;
   BASIN
AB Scenarios of earthquake-induced landslides are necessary for seismic microzonation (SM) studies since they must be integrated with the mapping of instability areas. The PARSIFAL (Probabilistic Approach to pRovide Scenarios of earthquake-Induced slope FAiLures) approach provides extensive analyses, over tens to thousands of square kilometers, and is designed as a fully comprehensive methodology to output expected scenarios which depend on seismic input and saturation conditions. This allows to attribute a rating, in terms of severity level, to the landslide-prone slope areas in view of future engineering studies and designs. PARSIFAL takes into account first-time rock- and earth-slides as well as re-activations of existing landslides performing slope stability analyses of different failure mechanisms. The results consist of mapping earthquake-induced landslide scenarios in terms of exceedance probability of critical threshold values of co-seismic displacements (P[D >= Dc|a(t),a(y)]). PARSIFAL was applied in the framework of level 3 SM studies over the municipality area of Accumoli (Rieti, Italy), strongly struck by the 2016 seismic sequence of Central Apennines. The use of the PARSIFAL was tested for the first time to screen the Susceptibility Zones (ZS(FR)) from the Attention Zones (ZA(FR)) in the category of the unstable areas, according to the guidelines by Italian Civil Protection. The results obtained were in a GIS-based mapping representing the possibility for a landslide to be induced by an earthquake (with a return period of 475 years) in three different saturation scenarios (i.e. dry, average, full). Only 41% of the landslide-prone areas in the Municipality of Accumoli are existing events, while the remaining 59% is characterized by first-time earth- or rock-slides. In dry conditions, unstable conditions or P[D >= Dc|a(t),a(y)] > 0 were for 54% of existing landslides, 17% of first-time rock-slides and 1% of first-time earth-slides. In full saturation conditions, the findings are much more severe since unstable conditions or P[D >= Dc|a(t),a(y)] > 0 were found for 58% of the existing landslides and for more than 80% of first-time rock- and earth-slides. Moreover, comparison of the total area of the ZA(FR)versus ZS(FR), resulted in PARSIFAL screening reducing of 22% of the mapped ZA(FR).
C1 [Martino, S.; Battaglia, S.; D'Alessandro, F.; Della Seta, M.; Esposito, C.; Pallone, F.; Troiani, F.] Univ Roma Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Pza A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   [Martino, S.; Battaglia, S.; D'Alessandro, F.; Della Seta, M.; Esposito, C.; Pallone, F.; Troiani, F.] Univ Roma Sapienza, Ctr Ric & Rischi Geol CERI, Pza A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   [Martini, G.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00044 Rome, Italy.
C3 Sapienza University Rome; Sapienza University Rome; Italian National
   Agency New Technical Energy & Sustainable Economics Development; Italian
   National Agency New Technical Energy & Sustainable Economics Development
RP Martino, S (corresponding author), Univ Roma Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Pza A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.; Martino, S (corresponding author), Univ Roma Sapienza, Ctr Ric & Rischi Geol CERI, Pza A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
EM salvatore.martino@uniroma1.it
TC 24
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1570-761X
EI 1573-1456
PD SEP
PY 2020
VL 18
IS 12
SI SI
BP 5655
EP 5673
DI 10.1007/s10518-019-00589-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000565913400011
ER

PT J
AU Wei, ZL
   Fan, XM
   Yang, J
   Zhang, ZS
   Zou, CB
AF Wei, Zhen-lei
   Fan, Xuan-mei
   Yang, Jie
   Zhang, Zong-shuo
   Zou, Cheng-bin
TI Evaluating the thresholds for predicting post-earthquake debris flows:
   Comparison of meteorological, hydro-meteorological and critical
   discharge approaches
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Post-earthquake debris flows; Critical conditions; Meteorological model;
   Hydro-meteorological model; Critical discharge model
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; INITIATION;
   CATCHMENT; LANDSLIDES; TORRENT; RUNOFF; FLOOD
AB Post-earthquake debris flows pose significant hazards in mountainous regions following large seismic events. Evaluating the thresholds for predicting the occurrence of these flows is crucial. However, the absenting of comparison for different predicting methods hampers progress in improving and updating predictions for debris flows. In this study, based on on-site measurements of post-earthquake debris flows in an active catchment during the first year following the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 earthquake, 30 debris-flow events were identified and observed. We established and compared three distinct methods-namely, the meteorological approach, the hydro-meteorological approach, and the critical discharge approach for predicting the occurrence of post- earthquake debris flows. Additionally, we introduced a factor called absolute energy to improve the accuracy of the traditional meteorological approach. Absolute energy is defined as the sum of squared values within a time series. Our findings indicate that the hydro-meteorological model outperforms others in predicting post- earthquake debris flows, whereas the meteorological approaches especially the intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds exhibit suboptimal performance. Furthermore, the updated meteorological model incorporating absolute energy demonstrates improved predictive capability compared to traditional meteorological approaches like intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds. We argue that this comparative analysis will aid in selecting the suitable method for predicting post-earthquake debris flows.
C1 [Wei, Zhen-lei; Fan, Xuan-mei; Yang, Jie; Zhang, Zong-shuo; Zou, Cheng-bin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 343
AR 107773
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107773
EA OCT 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001348877500001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Yu, L
   Wang, MM
   Lin, CX
   Liu, CG
   Li, JY
AF Chen, X. L.
   Yu, L.
   Wang, M. M.
   Lin, C. X.
   Liu, C. G.
   Li, J. Y.
TI Brief Communication: Landslides triggered by the
   Ms=7.0 Lushan earthquake, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FAULT; INVENTORIES; GIS
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides have drawn much attention around the world because of the severe hazards they pose. The 20 April 2013 M-s = 7.0 Lushan Earthquake, which occurred in the Longmen Shan region in Sichuan province, China, triggered more than 1000 landslides throughout an area of about 2200 km(2), and completely blocked many roads and exacerbated overall transportation problems in the mountainous terrain. Preliminary landslide inventory is complied immediately following the earthquake, mainly based on the high-resolution remote sensing images. At the same time, the distribution of these landslides is statistically investigated to determine how the occurrence of landslides correlates with distance from the earthquake epicenter, slope steepness, seismic intensity and rock type. Statistic analysis is conducted using landslide point density (LPD), which is defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer. It is found that LPD has a strong positive correlation with slope gradients and a negative-exponential decline with the distance from the epicenter. The higher LPD values occur in younger strata systems like Quaternary and Tertiary sediments in the study area. Spatially, the triggered landslides are controlled by the causative faults and mainly concentrated around the epicenter. All the landslides are located within the area with seismic intensity >= VII and in line with seismic intensity. Generally, LPD value decreases with increasing distance from the epicenter, and sometimes landslides are densely distributed along the roads in the mountainous region. Also, this study reveals that the empirical relationship between distance and seismic magnitude is more suitable for estimating the land-slide concentration area during the Lushan earthquake compared to other methods.
C1 [Chen, X. L.; Yu, L.; Li, J. Y.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, M. M.] Earthquake Adm Sichuan Prov, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, C. X.] Beijing Inst Geol, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, C. G.] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM 04chxl@sina.com
TC 23
Z9 30
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2014
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1257
EP 1267
DI 10.5194/nhess-14-1257-2014
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000337948700016
ER

PT J
AU Liao, LP
   Yang, YC
   Yang, ZQ
   Zhu, YY
   Hu, J
   Zou, DHS
AF Liao, Liping
   Yang, Yunchuan
   Yang, Zhiquan
   Zhu, Yingyan
   Hu, Jin
   Zou, D. H. Steve
TI Mechanical state of gravel soil in mobilization of rainfall-induced
   landslides in the Wenchuan seismic area, Sichuan province, China
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; SLOPE; MODEL
AB Gravel soils generated by the Wenchuan earthquake have undergone natural consolidation for the past decade. However, geological hazards, such as slope failures with ensuing landslides, have continued to pose great threats to the region. In this paper, artificial model tests were used to observe the changes of soil moisture content and pore water pressure, as well as macroscopic and microscopic phenomena of gravel soil. In addition, a mathematical formula of the critical state was derived from the triaxial test data. Finally, the mechanical states of gravel soil were determined. The results had five aspects. (1) The time and mode of the occurrence of landslides were closely related to the initial dry density. The process of initiation was accompanied by changes in density and void ratio. (2) The migration of fine particles and the rearrangement of coarse-fine particles contributed to the reorganization of the microscopic structure, which might be the main reason for the variation of dry density and void ratio. (3) If the confining pressure were the same, the void ratios of soils with constant particle composition would approach approximately critical values. (4) Mechanical state of gravel soil can be determined by the relative position between state parameter (e, P') and e(c)-p' planar critical state line, where e is the void ratio, e(c) is the critical void ratio and p' is the mean effective stress. (5) In the process of landslide initiation, dilatation and contraction were two types of gravel soil state, but dilatation was dominant. This paper provided insight into interpreting landslide initiation from the perspective of critical state soil mechanics.
C1 [Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan] Guangxi Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan] Guangxi Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Struct Safety, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan] Guangxi Univ, Guangxi Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Engn Safety, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resource Engn, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Yingyan; Hu, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Yingyan; Hu, Jin] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, D. H. Steve] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS B3H 4K5, Canada.
C3 Guangxi University; Guangxi University; Guangxi University; Kunming
   University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Dalhousie University
RP Zhu, YY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhu, YY (corresponding author), Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zh_y_y_imde@163.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PD AUG 3
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 3
BP 637
EP 649
DI 10.5194/esurf-6-637-2018
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000440725100001
ER

PT J
AU Capart, H
AF Capart, Herve
TI Analytical solutions for gradual dam breaching and downstream river
   flooding
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
DT Article
DE dam breach; dam-break; kinematic wave
ID TANGJIASHAN BARRIER LAKE; LIVED LANDSLIDE DAM; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; KINEMATIC WAVES; NATURAL DAMS; HA
   HA; FAILURE; TAIWAN
AB An analytical model is proposed to describe lake drainage and downstream flooding due to the gradual breaching of natural and manmade earthen dams. Erodible triangular dams are considered, undergoing gradual incision by a breaching channel of constant effective width. Adopting a simple stream power law for dam material transport, the long profile evolution of the breaching channel is governed by a diffusion equation with variable diffusion rate, proportional to the water discharge. The resulting flood is routed downstream using the kinematic wave equation. Moving boundary problems are obtained due to retrogression of the breach crest, and to the downstream propagation of the flood wavefront. For both the dam breaching and flood routing problems, explicit analytical solutions are derived. They depict a breaching process that is at first self-accelerating, then becomes self-limiting. Results include boundary paths, long profiles, and stage and discharge hydrographs. In particular, the breaching solution yields a discharge hydrograph of simple analytical shape that turns out to be ideally suited for kinematic wave routing. The model is applied to the well-documented breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam, Sichuan, in June 2008. Calculated results for this and other cases are in reasonably good agreement with the measured data. As the model is simple to apply, with minimal computational and data requirements, it could prove useful as a tool for rapid risk assessment. The proposed analytical approach also complements numerical models by providing more transparent links between solution outcomes and the problem data.
C1 [Capart, Herve] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Capart, Herve] Natl Taiwan Univ, Hydrotech Res Inst, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
C3 National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University
RP Capart, H (corresponding author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
EM hcapart@yahoo.com
TC 30
Z9 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 4
BP 1968
EP 1987
DI 10.1002/wrcr.20167
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000319282100016
ER

PT J
AU Sun, P
   Li, RJ
   Jiang, H
   Igwe, O
   Shi, JS
AF Sun, Ping
   Li, Rongjian
   Jiang, Hao
   Igwe, Ogbonnaya
   Shi, Jusong
TI Earthquake-triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu
   Province, northwest China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Tongwei earthquake; Landslides; Field investigation; Mechanism
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOW
AB The 1718 great Tongwei earthquake in northwest China caused more than 300 large-scale landslides near the epicenter resulting in more than 70,000 deaths. Although previous studies agree that the earthquake-induced landslides in the area are loess-landslides, which slid along ancient terrain surfaces, there is a dearth of evidence to unravel the actual failure mechanisms of these widely-documented events. To clarify their characteristics and mechanisms, the landslides in Pan'an Town, located in Gansu Province, China were rigorously investigated. The field surveys revealed that the landslides occurred in an area comprising loess deposits of several tens of meters underlain by a basal mudstone layer. It was also revealed that instability in the area is strongly influenced by a river valley with large erosion bank slopes, as well as steep mudstone slopes, which are well developed. The majority of the landslides triggered by the Tongwei earthquake were loess-mudstone composite landslides, with the sliding surface in the deep mudstone. Three huge landslides on the northern mountain located at the river bend of Pan'an Town with a total volume of about 6.06 x 10(8) m(3) are the main mass movements during the 1718 catastrophe. In addition, by taking the typical landslide named the Weijiawan landslide as a case study, the internal structure of the earthquake-triggered landslides and their stability were studied. The new findings not only aided the unraveling of the failure mechanisms but also provided insights and knowledge on early recognition of earthquake-triggered landslides in northwest China towns, especially in the surrounding valley, which shares similar geological conditions with landslides studied in this paper.
C1 [Sun, Ping] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Ping] Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Rongjian; Jiang, Hao] Xian Univ Technol, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Igwe, Ogbonnaya] Univ Nigeria, Dept Geol, Nsukka, Nigeria.
   [Shi, Jusong] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Xi'an University of
   Technology; University of Nigeria; China Geological Survey
RP Sun, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Sun, P (corresponding author), Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM sunpingcgs@163.com
TC 22
Z9 33
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 4
BP 1281
EP 1295
DI 10.1007/s10064-016-0949-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000413673700005
ER

PT J
AU Lacroix, P
   Zavala, B
   Berthier, E
   Audin, L
AF Lacroix, Pascal
   Zavala, Bilberto
   Berthier, Etienne
   Audin, Laurence
TI Supervised Method of Landslide Inventory Using Panchromatic SPOT5 Images
   and Application to the Earthquake-Triggered Landslides of Pisco (Peru,
   2007, Mw8.0)
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslides; triggering; earthquake; inventories; detection; optical
   imagery; SPOT5; Peru; power-law; topography
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTIONS; SIZE
AB Earthquake is one of the dominant triggering factors of landslides. Given the wide areas covered by mega earthquake-triggered landslides, their inventory requires development of automatic or semi-automatic methods applied to satellite imagery. A detection method is here proposed for this purpose, to fit with simple datasets; SPOT5 panchromatic images of 5 m resolution coupled with a freely and globally available DEM. The method takes advantage of multi-temporal images to detect changes based on radiometric variations after precise coregistration/orthorectification. Removal of false alarms is then undertaken using shape, orientation and radiometric properties of connected pixels defining objects. 80% of the landslides and 93% of the landslide area are detected indicating small omission errors but 50% of false alarms remain. They are removed using expert based analysis of the inventory. The method is applied to realize the first comprehensive inventory of landslides triggered by the Pisco earthquake (Peru, 15/08/2007, Mw 8.0) over an area of 27,000 km(2). 866 landslides larger than 100 m(2) are detected covering a total area of 1.29 km(2). The area/number distribution follows a power-law with an exponent of 1.63, showing a very particular regime of triggering in this arid environment compared to other areas in the world. This specific triggering can be explained by the little soil cover in the coastal and forearc regions of Peru. Analysis of this database finally shows a major control of the topography (both orientation and inclination) on the repartition of the Pisco-triggered landslides.
C1 [Lacroix, Pascal; Audin, Laurence] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, IRD, ISTerre, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
   [Zavala, Bilberto] INGEMMET, Lima 41, Peru.
   [Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
C3 Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA);
   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de
   Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Gustave-Eiffel;
   Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; Instituto Geologico Minero Metalurgico;
   Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre
   National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour
   le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et
   oceanographie spatiales
RP Lacroix, P (corresponding author), Univ Grenoble, CNRS, IRD, ISTerre, 1381 Rue Piscine, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
EM lacroixp@ujf-grenoble.fr; bzavala@ingemmet.gob.pe;
   etienne.berthier@legos.obs-mip.fr
TC 42
Z9 48
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 6
BP 2590
EP 2616
DI 10.3390/rs5062590
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000320771100002
ER

PT J
AU Jia, WJ
   Wang, MF
   Zhou, CH
   Yang, QH
AF Jia, Wei-Jie
   Wang, Meng-Fei
   Zhou, Cheng-Hu
   Yang, Qing-Hua
TI Analysis of the spatial association of geographical detector-based
   landslides and environmental factors in the southeastern Tibetan
   Plateau, China
SO PLOS ONE
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DECISION TREE; RANDOM FOREST;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; REGION
AB Steep canyons surrounded by high mountains resulting from large-scale landslides characterize the study area located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 1766 large landslides were identified based on integrated remote sensing interpretations utilizing multisource satellite images and topographic data that were dominated by 3 major regional categories, namely, rockslides, rock falls, and flow-like landslides. The geographical detector method was applied to quantitatively unveil the spatial association between the landslides and 12 environmental factors through computation of the q values based on spatially stratified heterogeneity. Meanwhile, a certainty factor (CF) model was used for comparison. The results indicate that the q values of the 12 influencing factors vary obviously, and the dominant factors are also different for the 3 types of landslides, with annual mean precipitation (AMP) being the dominant factor for rockslide distribution, elevation being the dominant factor for rock fall distribution and lithology being the dominant factor for flow-like distribution. Integrating the results of the factor detector and ecological detector, the AMP, annual mean temperature (AMT), elevation, river density, fault distance and lithology have a stronger influence on the spatial distribution of landslides than other factors. Furthermore, the factor interactions can significantly enhance their interpretability of landslides, and the top 3 dominant interactions were revealed. Based on statistics of landslide discrepancies with respect to diverse stratification of each factor, the high-risk zones were identified for 3 types of landslides, and the results were contrasted with the CF model. In conclusion, our method provides an objective framework for landslide prevention and mitigation through quantitative, spatial and statistical analyses in regions with complex terrain.
C1 [Jia, Wei-Jie; Zhou, Cheng-Hu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resource & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Jia, Wei-Jie] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Jia, Wei-Jie; Wang, Meng-Fei; Yang, Qing-Hua] China Aero Geophys Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Na, Dept Geol Remote Sensing, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Jia, WJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resource & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Jia, WJ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Jia, WJ (corresponding author), China Aero Geophys Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Na, Dept Geol Remote Sensing, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM sunleaver@gmail.com
TC 21
Z9 25
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
PD MAY 20
PY 2021
VL 16
IS 5
AR e0251776
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0251776
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000664631600061
ER

PT J
AU An, JW
   Bai, XF
   Xu, JH
   Nie, GZ
   Wang, XY
AF An, Jiwen
   Bai, Xianfu
   Xu, Jinghai
   Nie, Gaozhong
   Wang, Xiuying
TI Prediction of highway blockage caused by earthquake-induced landslides
   for improving earthquake emergency response
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Prediction; Highway blockage; Earthquake-induced landslide
   susceptibility; Earthquake emergency response; Correlation analysis;
   Decision tree
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HIGH-INTENSITY AREAS; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   ASSESSMENT; REGRESSION-MODELS; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; BUILDING DAMAGE;
   HAZARD; GIS; SCALE; RAINFALL
AB Earthquake emergency response (EER) supported by the prompt assessment of seismic impact is an effective way to reduce seismic casualties and losses after an earthquake. However, in mountainous areas, highway blockages due to earthquake-induced landslides can delay EER, which, to date, EER planning has not included in assessments to identify. This paper proposes a set of rules to predict the location of highway blockages caused by these landslides. Such predictions would promote rapid implementation of traffic control plans and the prompt clearing of the blocked highways to help keep emergency efforts efficient. We propose a procedure based on the decision tree method to correlate the potential highway blockages with the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility (ELS), which integrates the classification and quantification aspects of the ELS. Using correlation analysis, a set of rules that judge whether a highway section is likely to be blocked is proposed. These rules are based on the preexisting ELS database for China. This set of rules has been applied in a case study of the 2014 Ludian earthquake to predict the highway blockages caused by the earthquake-induced landslides. The results from this case study showed good agreement with the actual highway blockages as determined by the interpretation of unmanned aerial vehicle images. The predicted results were used to make suggestions about traffic control and blocked highway clearing for EER. The proposed set of rules appears to be effective.
C1 [An, Jiwen; Nie, Gaozhong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Xianfu] Yunnan Earthquake Adm, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Jinghai] Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Geomat Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xiuying] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Nanjing Tech
   University; China Earthquake Administration
RP An, JW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM coramap@gmail.com
TC 12
Z9 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD OCT
PY 2015
VL 79
IS 1
BP 511
EP 536
DI 10.1007/s11069-015-1859-7
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000361060500028
ER

PT J
AU Chen, SC
   Lin, TW
   Chen, CY
AF Chen, Su-Chin
   Lin, Tsung-Wen
   Chen, Chien-Yuan
TI Modeling of natural dam failure modes and downstream riverbed
   morphological changes with different dam materials in a flume test
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Failure mode; River morphology; Flume test
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOOD; SLOPE
AB Landslide dam failure modes are influenced by dam geometry, material characteristics, and riverbed conditions. The different characteristics of earthquake- and rainfall-induced natural dams and the effects of riverbed conditions on dam failure have not attracted much attention from researchers in the past. This study used flume tests to simulate earthquake- and rainfall-induced landslide dam failures for various combinations of dam geometry, materials, and riverbed conditions. The 64 flume test combinations thus included two discharge rates, two dam shapes (triangular and trapezoidal) with two heights, two types of riverbed conditions, and two types of dam material with two different water contents. The experimental results show that dam geometry, the amount of inflow, hydraulic conductivity of the dam material, and riverbed conditions have considerable effect on dams' lifespan and their corresponding failure mode. The hydraulic conductivity of the dam material affected the dam lifespan and its corresponding failure mode. The four observed failure modes of dam breaks in rigid and mobile riverbeds constitute progressive erosion, overtopping erosion, slope slide, and complex failure. The complex failure mode, which involves headward erosion, slope slide, and overtopping, can occur in highly hydraulically conductive dams with high discharge. Progressive erosion occurs in highly hydraulically conductive dams with low discharge. Dam material with low hydraulic conductivity tends to fail by pure overtopping. Regardless of the dam shape and material, dams in a mobile riverbed had a longer lifespan than those in a rigid riverbed. The composition of the dam material affected the peak outflow discharge after dam break. Compared with rigid riverbeds, dams in mobile riverbeds delay the arrival time of peak sediment discharge. Failure modes triggering flash floods and sediment transport after a dam break involved a series of sandbars and an armoring layer in the downstream riverbed. Earthquake-induced dry material forming highly hydraulically conductive dams generally fail through complex when failure was subjected to a high discharge. Dams composed of wet materials tend to fail by overtopping. In flume tests, dam failure mode and inflow changed downstream mobile riverbed morphology in ways similar to those seen in full-scale model tests conducted in the field. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Su-Chin; Lin, Tsung-Wen] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Soil & Water Conservat, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
   [Chen, Chien-Yuan] Natl Chiayi Univ, Dept Civil & Water Resources Engn, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
C3 National Chung Hsing University; National Chiayi University
RP Chen, CY (corresponding author), Natl Chiayi Univ, Dept Civil & Water Resources Engn, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
EM chienyuc@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
TC 69
Z9 84
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR 7
PY 2015
VL 188
BP 148
EP 158
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.016
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000351791500014
ER

PT J
AU Ke, ZH
   Dai, FC
   Zhao, SY
AF Ke, Zunhong
   Dai, Fuchu
   Zhao, Siyuan
TI Development and kinematics of the river-damming Cuoduoqin rockslide in
   the high Three River Region, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE River-damming landslide; Discrete element simulation; Kinematic process;
   High Three River Region
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHES; LANDSLIDE; FAILURE; PEAK
AB Landslides resulting in complete river blockage have frequently occurred in the Three River Region (TRR) during the geomorphological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. River-damming landslides occurring in low-relief regions of the TRR have received less attention compared to those in deeply-incised valleys. The 2.5 Mm3 Cuoduoqin rockslide originated from the south-facing hillslope of a southeast-east-trending ridge, leading to complete blockage of the Quzhaqu River. The original failure mainly involves blocky metamorphic limestone and phyllite. The Quzha Lake Fault providing rear rupture and two other groups of joints facilitating sidewise and toe releases are considered predisposing factors contributing to slope instability. Ongoing tectonic uplift and cyclic glaciations are considered preparatory factors, shifting the slope from stable to marginally unstable. A prehistoric earthquake, likely corresponding to an ancient rupture event on the active Nujiang Fault Zone (NJFZ), is deemed as the most probable trigger for this large rock slope failure. The 2D discrete element method (DEM) software UDEC is utilized to analyze the static slope stability and to reproduce the kinematic process of the rockslide. The static analysis indicates that the original rock slope was in equilibrium under natural conditions. The kinematic process can be divided into three phases: initial detachment within seconds after applying seismic load, downslope acceleration after crossing the slope knickpoint, and accumulation after traveling into the valley bottom. This case study, focusing on the development and kinematics of the Cuoduoqin rockslide, can help enhance the understanding of effective risk assessments of landslides in high-altitude and low-relief regions.
C1 [Ke, Zunhong; Dai, Fuchu] Beijing Univ Technol, Fac Architecture Civil & Transportat Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Siyuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing University of Technology; Sichuan University
RP Dai, FC (corresponding author), Beijing Univ Technol, Fac Architecture Civil & Transportat Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
EM fc_dai@126.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 11
AR 427
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03925-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001328634800002
ER

PT J
AU Song, DQ
   Liu, XL
   Huang, J
   Zhang, JM
AF Song, Danqing
   Liu, Xiaoli
   Huang, Jin
   Zhang, Jianmin
TI Energy-based analysis of seismic failure mechanism of a rock slope with
   discontinuities using Hilbert-Huang transform and marginal spectrum in
   the time-frequency domain
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Seismic failure mechanism; Seismic Hilbert energy; HHT; Marginal
   spectrum; Rock slope; Discontinuities
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; DAMAGE;
   IDENTIFICATION; WAVES; INTENSITY; STABILITY; MODEL; AREA
AB An energy-based identification method is proposed to investigate the seismic failure mechanism of landslides with discontinuities. The proposed method was verified by using shaking table tests on a rock slope with discontinuous structural planes. The results show that it is feasible to analyze the seismic failure mechanism of the slope by using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum based on seismic Hilbert energy. Earthquake energy mainly concentrating in the low-frequency components (15-17 Hz) and high-frequency components (20-40 Hz), in Hilbert energy spectrum and the marginal spectrum, respectively, suggests that they can identify the overall and local dynamic response of the slope, respectively, in combination with the Fourier spectrum analysis. In addition, the analyses of marginal spectrum can better clarify the slope dynamic damage process from the energy-based perspective, including no seismic damage stage, local damage stage, and sliding failure stage. The difference of seismic Hilbert energy between slip mass and sliding body causes their different seismic responses. The seismic failure mechanism of the landslide is identified from the energy-based perspective: the seismic Hilbert energy in 20-40 Hz mainly induces the local damage of the slope above the topmost bedding structural plane, and local failure develops first at the platform, under 0.297 g; the surface slope gradually forms a sliding body with the accumulation of local damage, and the seismic Hilbert energy in 15-17 Hz further promotes the landslide subject to 0.446 g.
C1 [Song, Danqing; Liu, Xiaoli; Huang, Jin; Zhang, Jianmin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Liu, XL (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM xiaoli.liu@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 78
Z9 87
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 1
BP 105
EP 123
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01491-7
EA AUG 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000554848800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, AX
   Miao, YM
   Wang, RX
   Zhu, TX
   Deng, YC
   Liu, JZ
   Yang, L
   Qin, CZ
   Hong, HY
AF Zhu, A-Xing
   Miao, Yamin
   Wang, Rongxun
   Zhu, Tongxin
   Deng, Yongcui
   Liu, Junzhi
   Yang, Lin
   Qin, Cheng-Zhi
   Hong, Haoyuan
TI A comparative study of an expert knowledge-based model and two
   data-driven models for landslide susceptibility mapping
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Data-driven models; Expert knowledge-based model; Landslide
   susceptibility; GIS; Logistic regression; Artificial neural network
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 3 GORGES AREA; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FUZZY-LOGIC; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SAMPLING
   STRATEGIES; GIS TECHNOLOGY; YANGTZE-RIVER; HAZARD
AB In this study, an expert knowledge-based model, a logistic regression model, and an artificial neural network model were compared for their accuracy and portability in landslide susceptibility mapping. Two study areas (the Kaixian and the Three Gorges areas in China) were selected for this comparison based on their well-known, high landslide hazard. To evaluate the performance of these models and to minimize the impact of the particularity of a study area on model performance, cross-applications of three models between the two study areas were conducted. When the Kaixian area was used as a model development area, prediction accuracy for the expert knowledge-based model, the logistic regression model, and the artificial neural network model were 71.5%, 81.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The high prediction accuracy of the two data-driven models were expected because the observed landslide occurrence used in training the models were also used to validate their respective performance, while the expert knowledge-based model did not use these observations for training. The perfect accuracy for the neural network model can also be attributed to its over-prediction of the susceptibility. When breaking the susceptibility into four classes: very low susceptibility (0-0.25), low susceptibility (0.25-0.5), high susceptibility (0.5-0.75), and very high susceptibility (0.75-1), the observed landslide density at the very high susceptibility level is 0.303/km(2), 0.212/km(2), and 0.195/km(2) for the expert knowledge-based model, the logistic regression model, and the artificial neural network model, respectively. This suggests that the expert knowledge-based model was much better than the other two data-driven models at evaluating landslide occurrence in very high susceptibility areas. When the three models developed in the Kaixian area were applied in the Three Gorges area without any changes, their prediction accuracy dropped to 44.8% for the logistic regression model and 81.6% for the artificial neural network model, while the expert knowledge-based model maintained its initial accuracy level of 82.8%. The landslide density for the very high susceptibility areas in the Three Georges area was 0.275/km(2), 0.082/km(2), and 0.060/Km(2) for the expert knowledge-based model, the logistic model, and the artificial neural network model, respectively. These results indicate that the expert knowledge-based model is more effective at predicting areas with very high susceptibility. When the Three Gorges area was used as a model development area and the Kaixian area was used as the model application area, similar results were obtained Results from the two experiments show that the performance of the logistic regression model and artificial neural network model is not as stable as the expert knowledge-based model when transferred to a new area. This suggests that the expert knowledge-based model is more suitable for landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas.
C1 [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Deng, Yongcui; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Wang, Rongxun; Zhu, Tongxin] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
   [Yang, Lin; Qin, Cheng-Zhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Normal University; University of
   Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of
   Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Duluth; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research,
   CAS
RP Liu, JZ (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Hong, HY (corresponding author), State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn; hong_haoyuan@outlook.com
TC 101
Z9 113
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 166
BP 317
EP 327
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2018.04.003
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000434238800031
ER

PT J
AU Luo, X
   Feng, Q
   Jia, YZ
   Chen, HY
   Song, YY
   Xu, WB
AF Luo, Xin
   Feng, Qian
   Jia, Yuzhen
   Chen, Hongyan
   Song, Yiyun
   Xu, Wenbo
TI The Large-Scale Investigation and Analysis of Lophodermium piceae
   in Subalpine Areas Based on Satellite Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing
SO DIVERSITY-BASEL
DT Article
DE Lophodermium piceae; subalpine area; satellite multi-spectral images;
   large-scale investigation; spatio-temporal analysis
AB Picea asperata, a common tree species in the subalpine areas of Li County, Sichuan Province, China, is susceptible to Lophodermium piceae. Remote sensing has the advantages of large-scale, fast information acquisition, and low cost, which can overcome the shortcomings of ground survey. Hence, we used Landsat 8 satellite multi-spectral images and forest resource distribution data to investigate and analyze this forest disease at a large scale. Firstly, we extracted the spatial distribution information of Picea asperata and chose a temporal sequence indicator to establish a regression model and obtained a significantly negative correlation between the damage degree of plants and the change rate of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Accordingly, the investigation results of the disease have good consistency with the ground survey data in spatial distribution and damage degree. On this basis, a temporal regression analysis was performed by combining the remote sensing investigation results with climate variables, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was utilized in the spatial comprehensive analysis of Lophodermium piceae with terrain, soil and forest stand factors. Conclusively, this study effectively coped with the difficulties in full investigation and analysis of Lophodermium piceae in ecologically fragile subalpine areas of Western Sichuan. It is of important reference value in the early warning and monitoring of this disease, and also provides objective and reliable information support for ecological restoration and management planning in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas.
C1 [Luo, Xin; Feng, Qian; Chen, Hongyan; Song, Yiyun; Xu, Wenbo] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Huzhou, Huzhou 313001, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Xin; Feng, Qian; Xu, Wenbo] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Resources & Environm, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China.
   [Jia, Yuzhen] Sichuan Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Pest Control, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; University of
   Electronic Science & Technology of China
RP Luo, X (corresponding author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Yangtze Delta Reg Inst Huzhou, Huzhou 313001, Peoples R China.; Luo, X (corresponding author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Resources & Environm, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China.
EM luoxin@uestc.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-2818
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 9
AR 727
DI 10.3390/d14090727
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000858165500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Su, LJ
   Wang, YS
   Ji, F
   Li, WL
   Tang, CX
AF Zhao, Bo
   Su, Lijun
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Ji, Feng
   Li, Weili
   Tang, Chenxiao
TI Insights into the mobility characteristics of seismic earthflows related
   to the Palu and Eastern Iburi earthquakes
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Seismic earthflows; Palu earthquake; Eastern Iburi earthquake; Mobility
   characteristics
ID 2018 SULAWESI EARTHQUAKE; DISTANCE FLOW-SLIDE; LONG-RUNOUT;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HOKKAIDO;
   FAILURE; CHINA; LIQUEFACTION
AB As an important indicator for landslide hazard and risk assessments, landslide mobility has attracted considerable attention in the literature, yet few studies have investigated seismic earthflows. Therefore, the earthflows induced by the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake (Indonesia) and the 2018 Mw 6.5 Eastern Iburi earthquake (Japan) and their mobility characteristics were analyzed. Long-term irrigation for cultivation of wet rice and heavy rainfall produced by Typhoon Jebi introduced substantial moisture into alluvial fans (Palu earthquake) and pyroclastic fall deposits (Eastern Iburi earthquake), respectively, and seismic shaking liquefied these moist deposits, which consequently traveled long distances. Four earthflows that were triggered on very gentle slopes of 1-3 degrees by the Palu event exhibited very high mobility levels (H/L) of 0.0129, 0.01125, 0.0209 and 0.0271 (average H/L = 0.018), whereas 7058 earthflows triggered by the Eastern Iburi event exhibited an average mobility of 0.33. Different liquefied layers were located below or above the low permeability layer, and movement restrictions and complex final flow disturbances could be responsible for obvious mobility differences triggered by the two seismic events. However, the earthflow mobility induced by the Eastern Iburi earthquake was obviously higher than that of coseismic rock landslides worldwide and is described by the following relationship: H/L = 1.46-0.24 x log(10) (earthflow_area). Furthermore, the earthflow area, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and slope angle all have increase influences on mobility. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun; Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Processes, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yunsheng; Ji, Feng; Li, Weili] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Processes, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 18
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 391
AR 107886
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107886
EA AUG 2021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000696636700004
ER

PT J
AU Sahin, KY
   Kavus, BY
   Taskin, A
AF Sahin, Kuebra Yazici
   Kavus, Bahar Yalcin
   Taskin, Alev
TI Perspective on secondary disasters: a literature review for future
   research
SO ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
DT Review; Early Access
DE Secondary disaster; Multi-hazard; Natural disasters; Climate changes
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; STOCHASTIC-PROGRAMMING MODEL;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; RISK;
   DISPLACEMENT; RAINFALL; 3-STAGE; NETWORK
AB Secondary disasters are catastrophic events that cause social and economic damage triggered by primary disasters. The need to reduce the increasingly destructive impact combined with primary disasters attracts researchers despite the difficulties of complex relationships between disasters and uncertain parameters. This study analyses 92 studies on applications in the field of secondary disaster, consisting of articles and books published in various journals and conference proceedings from 2010 to 2024. The existing literature is categorized according to the types of disasters and methodologies used to highlight trends and gaps in the secondary disaster field. In addition, the relationships between disasters and the diversity and limitations of the methodologies used are also included in this study. The findings of the study reveal the following: (i) post-earthquake landslide disaster applications dominate the secondary disaster field, while other disasters, such as geophysical, meteorological, biological, etc., have not been sufficiently analyzed, (ii) applications for secondary disasters are largely based on susceptibility modeling, (iii) artificial intelligence-based and probabilistic models dominate applications in the existing literature. Eventually, various possible future research paths are provided that may be valuable to decision-makers in decreasing catastrophe loss and damage.
C1 [Sahin, Kuebra Yazici] Turkish German Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-34820 Istanbul, Turkiye.
   [Kavus, Bahar Yalcin] Istanbul Topkapi Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-34087 Istanbul, Turkiye.
   [Sahin, Kuebra Yazici; Kavus, Bahar Yalcin; Taskin, Alev] Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-34349 Istanbul, Turkiye.
   [Taskin, Alev] Azerbaijan State Univ Econ UNEC, Ind Data Analyt & Decis Support Syst Ctr, Istiqlaliyyat Str 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan.
C3 Turkish German University; Istanbul Topkapi University; Yildiz Technical
   University; Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic; Azerbaijan
   State University of Economics (UNEC)
RP Sahin, KY (corresponding author), Turkish German Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-34820 Istanbul, Turkiye.; Sahin, KY (corresponding author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, TR-34349 Istanbul, Turkiye.
EM kubra.yazici@tau.edu.tr; baharyalcinkavus@topkapi.edu.tr;
   ataskin@yildiz.edu.tr
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-585X
EI 1573-2975
PD 2024 OCT 24
PY 2024
DI 10.1007/s10668-024-05577-3
EA OCT 2024
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001341345500004
ER

PT J
AU Su, YL
   Rong, GZ
   Ma, YN
   Chi, JW
   Liu, XP
   Zhang, JQ
   Li, TT
AF Su, Yulin
   Rong, Guangzhi
   Ma, Yining
   Chi, Junwen
   Liu, Xingpeng
   Zhang, Jiquan
   Li, Tiantao
TI Hazard Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Chains Based on Deep Learning-A
   Case Study of Mao County, Sichuan Province
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Review
DE hazard assessment; earthquake disaster chains; geological disasters;
   deep neural networks (DNN) model; machine learning
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LANDSLIDE; DECISION; ZONE; TREE;
   GIS
AB Chain disasters often cause greater casualties and economic losses than single disasters. It plays an important role in the prevention and control to draw the susceptibility map and hazard map of geological hazards. To the best of our knowledge, the existing models are not suitable for the study of earthquake-geological disaster chains. Therefore, this study aims to establish a DNN model suitable for the study of earthquake-geological disaster chains. Firstly, nine key factors affecting geological disasters were selected and multi-source data sets were established based on geological disaster points in the study area. Secondly, the DNN model is trained to calculate the susceptibility of landslides and is discussed with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, Logistic Regression (LR) model, and Random Forest (RF) model. Finally, verify with the ROC curve. The verification results show that the DNN model has the highest accuracy among the proposed models. It is suitable for drawing geological hazard susceptibility maps and hazard maps. Therefore, it is proved that the model can be applied for the prediction of chain disasters and is a promising tool for geological hazard assessment.
C1 [Su, Yulin; Rong, Guangzhi; Ma, Yining; Liu, Xingpeng; Zhang, Jiquan] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Changchun, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Yulin; Rong, Guangzhi; Ma, Yining; Liu, Xingpeng; Zhang, Jiquan] Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Nat Disaster Res, Changchun, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Yulin; Rong, Guangzhi; Ma, Yining; Liu, Xingpeng; Zhang, Jiquan] Minist Educ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Changchun, Peoples R China.
   [Chi, Junwen] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Changchun, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tiantao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tiantao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geo Environm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Northeast Normal University - China; Northeast Normal University -
   China; Northeast Normal University - China; Chengdu University of
   Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Liu, XP; Zhang, JQ (corresponding author), Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Changchun, Peoples R China.; Liu, XP; Zhang, JQ (corresponding author), Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Nat Disaster Res, Changchun, Peoples R China.; Liu, XP; Zhang, JQ (corresponding author), Minist Educ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Changchun, Peoples R China.
EM Liuxp912@nenu.edu.cn; Zhangjq022@nenu.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 17
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAY 17
PY 2022
VL 9
AR 683903
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.683903
SC Geology
UT WOS:000803979900001
ER

PT J
AU Fayou, A
   Kong, JM
   Ni, ZQ
AF Fayou, A.
   Kong Jiming
   Ni Zhenqiang
TI Model Test on Deformation and Failure of Excavated Anti-dip Slope under
   Seismic Loading
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Anti-dip slope; excavation; seismic loading; deformation and failure;
   model test
AB In the disaster areas of Wenchuan Earthquake, anti-dip slope is a kind of slope with less development of earthquake-induced mountain disasters, but the excavation often exacerbates the eakthquake-induced mountain disasters on slopes. According to the survey, deformation and failure of anti-dip slope is characterized by both collapse and slide. In order to reproduce the deformation and failure process of slope, the deformation and failure laws of slope under seismic loading were analyzed. The slope, where Wangjiaping landslide was located in Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou City was selected as a typical example of anti-dip slope with excavation failure in this study and indoor physical model tests were carried out on deformation and failure under seismic loading. The results showed that the deformation and failure of slope under seismic loading were exacerbated by excavation.
   As viewed from failure mode, the deformation and failure of anti-dip slope were characterized by both collapse and slide, consistent with the results of field surveys. The entire process of deformation and failure could be divided into the following phases: the initial stage of earthquake (a gradual connecting process between superficial overburden and bedrock interface), excavated excavation stage.
C1 [Fayou, A.] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resource Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Kong Jiming; Ni Zhenqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Fayou, A (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resource Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM afayou@163.com
TC 13
Z9 14
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
PD APR
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 2
BP 41
EP 47
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000303786600006
ER

PT J
AU Xu, ZG
   Chen, YM
   Yang, F
   Chu, TY
   Zhou, HY
AF Xu, Zhigiang
   Chen, Yumin
   Yang, Fan
   Chu, Tianyou
   Zhou, Hongyan
TI A Postearthquake Multiple Scene Recognition Model Based on Classical SSD
   Method and Transfer Learning
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE earthquake disasters; scene recognition; deep learning; classical SSD
   method; transfer learning
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB The recognition of postearthquake scenes plays an important role in postearthquake rescue and reconstruction. To overcome the over-reliance on expert visual interpretation and the poor recognition performance of traditional machine learning in postearthquake scene recognition, this paper proposes a postearthquake multiple scene recognition (PEMSR) model based on the classical deep learning Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) method. In this paper, a labeled postearthquake scenes dataset is constructed by segmenting acquired remote sensing images, which are classified into six categories: landslide, houses, ruins, trees, clogged and ponding. Due to the insufficiency and imbalance of the original dataset, transfer learning and a data augmentation and balancing strategy are utilized in the PEMSR model. To evaluate the PEMSR model, the evaluation metrics of precision, recall and F1 score are used in the experiment. Multiple experimental test results demonstrate that the PEMSR model shows a stronger performance in postearthquake scene recognition. The PEMSR model improves the detection accuracy of each scene compared with SSD by transfer learning and data augmentation strategy. In addition, the average detection time of the PEMSR model only needs 0.4565s, which is far less than the 8.3472s of the traditional Histogram of Oriented Gradient + Support Vector Machine (HOG+SVM) method.
C1 [Xu, Zhigiang; Chen, Yumin; Yang, Fan; Chu, Tianyou; Zhou, Hongyan] Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University
RP Chen, YM (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
EM xuzq97@whu.edu.cn; ymchen@whu.edu.cn; fan_yang@whu.edu.cn;
   chutianyou@whu.edu.cn; 2019282050143@whu.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 19
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 9
IS 4
AR 238
DI 10.3390/ijgi9040238
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000539535700053
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, HJ
   Cui, P
   Hu, S
   Regmi, AD
   Wang, XG
   Yang, DD
AF Qiu, Haijun
   Cui, Peng
   Hu, Sheng
   Regmi, Amar Deep
   Wang, Xingang
   Yang, Dongdong
TI Developing empirical relationships to predict loess slide travel
   distances: a case study on the Loess Plateau in China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Empirical relationships; Travel distance; Comparison; Loess
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA; RAPID LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; RUNOUT; MODEL;
   RAINFALL; MOBILITY; SIMULATION; AVALANCHES; SLOPES
AB To improve landslide hazard mapping quality, a functional relationship with travel distance prediction is essential. To obtain a more accurate empirical relationship for predicting loess slide travel distances, we developed a loess slide database for the central Loess Plateau using a combination of remote sensing image interpretations, existing datasets, and an intensive field survey. The loess slide travel distance was concentrated within less than 200m, according to a cumulative frequency analysis. Our results reveal that the loess slide volume, slope height, and slope inclination of the sliding area control the travel distance, and this relation is well-described by a power law function. Furthermore, statistical analysis suggested that the equivalent coefficient of friction decreases with an increase in loess slide volume but increases with an increase in slope inclination. We compared the prediction performances of four empirical relationships proposed in this study using the mean absolute percentage error and Theil inequality coefficient methods. We discovered that the empirical relationship with three independent variables can more accurately predict the loess slide travel distance than the relationships with one or two independent variables.
C1 [Qiu, Haijun] Northwest Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Car, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Haijun] Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Haijun; Hu, Sheng; Yang, Dongdong] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Regmi, Amar Deep] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xingang] Northwest Univ, State Key Lab Continental Dynam, Dept Geol, Xian 710069, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest University Xi'an; Northwest University Xi'an; Northwest
   University Xi'an; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Northwest University Xi'an
RP Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Car, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.; Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.; Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM 13991345616@163.com
TC 13
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 4
BP 1299
EP 1309
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1328-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000448255600002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, YQ
   Shen, H
   Li, HB
   Liu, B
   Zhang, W
AF Liu, Yaqun
   Shen, Hui
   Li, Haibo
   Liu, Bo
   Zhang, Wei
TI An Improved Method for Estimating Earthquake-Induced Permanent
   Displacement of Bedding Rock Slopes
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Bedding rock slope; Plane failure; Permanent displacement; Newmark
   analysis; Seismic stability
ID INDUCED SLIDING DISPLACEMENTS; TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION; NUMERICAL
   EVALUATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC STABILITY; 1994 NORTHRIDGE;
   PACOIMA-CANYON; LANDSLIDES; MODEL; CALIFORNIA
AB An improved method for fast and reasonable estimation of seismically induced permanent displacement of bedding rock slopes is proposed in this study. The proposed method introduces the pseudo-dynamic seismic force to account for the amplification effect induced by the slope topography. In addition, real-time updates of the tangential-normal coupling forces on the sliding surface during seismic excitations are implemented. The feasibility and adaptability of the proposed method are verified through a comparison with existing methods. Additionally, the differences between the earthquake-induced displacements calculated using the proposed method and the Newmark method are analyzed using 171 strong ground motion records as input excitations. A parametric sensitivity analysis shows that permanent displacement is significantly influenced by the friction angle of the joint phi\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi$$\end{document}, amplitude of the input acceleration P0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P_0$$\end{document}, dip angle of the slope failure plane beta\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}, and slope height H\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$H$$\end{document}. Finally, a set of landslide probability maps is obtained, and a landslide probability estimation procedure for slopes is recommended, which provides a convenient way to preliminarily evaluate the seismic stability of bedding rock slopes.
   The amplification effect on the seismic response of rock slopes is considered.Tangential-normal forces on the sliding surface were coupled.Automatic recognition of sliding status is based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.Landslide probability maps are provided.
C1 [Liu, Yaqun; Shen, Hui; Li, Haibo; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Yaqun; Shen, Hui; Li, Haibo; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Wei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS
RP Shen, H (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.; Shen, H (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM shenhui19@mails.ucas.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 57
IS 10
BP 8429
EP 8456
DI 10.1007/s00603-024-03971-x
EA MAY 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001234042100003
ER

PT J
AU Bai, XF
   Dai, YQ
   Zhou, QY
   Yang, ZQ
AF Bai, Xianfu
   Dai, Yuqian
   Zhou, Qingyun
   Yang, Zhiquan
TI An MDT-based rapid assessment method for the spatial distribution of
   trafficable sections of roads hit by earthquake-induced landslides
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE rapid assessment; road trafficability; earthquake-induced landslides;
   multivariate decision tree; model
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GIS; HAZARD;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCALE
AB In mountainous areas, roads are often damaged by earthquake-induced landslides (EL). The degree of road damage and the existing functional state will have a very important impact on the whole earthquake relief work. However, this question has long been plaguing scientists engaged in the risk assessment. Now, an MDT-based rapid assessment method for the spatial distribution of trafficable sections of roads (TSR) hit by EL is proposed. The method mainly consists of three procedures: 1) Demarcate the road sections in the evaluated region; 2) Create the data for earthquake-induced landslide sensitivity level for the evaluated region; 3) Use the sample data to devise the MDT model for the TSR hit by EL and calculate the trafficability of road sections. This method was applied in the study of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0, the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5, the 2012 Yiliang Ms 5.6 and Ms 5.7 earthquake-stricken regions. The case of Wenchuan earthquake was adopted to establish the method. The cares of Ludian and Yiliang were used to evaluate whether the method could be transplanted into similar regions. The p-value and the kappa coefficient were used to test and evaluate the significance and the consistence of the actual situation. Our results suggest: ⅰ) The Wenchuan evaluated region had the p-value 2.52 x 10-203 and the kappa coefficient 0.91. Less than 1% of the road sections that were inferred to be trafficable with the established method were actually interrupted by EL. The interruptions in the road sections that were inferred to be un-trafficable were 12 times of those in the other road sections. ⅱ) The Ludian and Yiliang earthquake-stricken regions had the p-value 9.7 x 10-107 and the kappa coefficient 0.81. Only 1.31% of the road sections that were trafficable according to the calculation results of the model had been actually interrupted by EL. The interruptions caused by EL in the un-trafficable road sections according to the calculation results were 5.2 times of those in the trafficable road sections. This method could be applied in other similar regions when a certain error was permitted.
C1 [Bai, Xianfu; Zhou, Qingyun] China Earthquake Adm, Kunming Inst Earthquake Predict, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Xianfu; Zhou, Qingyun] Yunnan Earthquake Agcy, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Yuqian] Earthquake & Disaster Reduct Bur Xishan Dist, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration; Yunnan
   Earthquake Agency, CEA; Kunming University of Science & Technology
RP Bai, XF (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Kunming Inst Earthquake Predict, Kunming, Peoples R China.; Bai, XF (corresponding author), Yunnan Earthquake Agcy, Kunming, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Peoples R China.
EM 282961394@qq.com; yzq1983816@kust.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD OCT 18
PY 2023
VL 11
AR 1287577
DI 10.3389/feart.2023.1287577
SC Geology
UT WOS:001090689500001
ER

PT J
AU Sze, EHY
   Leung, EHY
   Koo, RCH
   So, MML
   Pappin, JW
AF Sze, Eric H. Y.
   Leung, Erin H. Y.
   Koo, Raymond C. H.
   So, Minly M. L.
   Pappin, Jack W.
TI Geotechnical advances in development of a seismic code for Hong Kong
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-GEOTECHNICAL
   ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE codes of practice & standards; geotechnical engineering; seismic
   engineering
ID EARTHQUAKE GROUND-MOTION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD; DESIGN; DAMS
AB Hong Kong is located in a low-to moderate-seismicity region with earthquake damage to buildings having been recorded in the past. On average, there are about two earth tremors felt every year. Nowadays, the city is a unique place in the world with a high-density population living in high-rise buildings and surrounded by steeply sloping terrain. The potential risk of earthquake-induced damage thus calls for the development of a seismic design code for buildings in Hong Kong. In recent years, several critical geotechnical studies have been completed focusing on enhancing earthquake resilience in Hong Kong. They have included: (a) updating of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment based on a recent earthquake catalogue; (b) examination of local site effects and topographic amplification effects based on a pilot-area-specific seismic microzonation study; (c) reviewing the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility of the natural terrain; and (d) assessment of the seismic stability of man-made slopes and retaining walls. These seismic studies are pivotal to the development of the seismic design code which is being pursued in Hong Kong. This paper is an important milestone in providing a detailed account of these studies and their impact on the code development.
C1 [Sze, Eric H. Y.; Koo, Raymond C. H.] Hong Kong SAR Govt, Civil Engn & Dev Dept, Geotech Engn Off, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Leung, Erin H. Y.; So, Minly M. L.] Arup, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Pappin, Jack W.] Arup, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
RP Sze, EHY (corresponding author), Hong Kong SAR Govt, Civil Engn & Dev Dept, Geotech Engn Off, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM erichysze@cedd.gov.hk
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ICE PUBLISHING
PI WESTMINISTER
PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND
SN 1353-2618
PD FEB
PY 2019
VL 172
IS 1
BP 87
EP 108
AR UNSP 1700218
DI 10.1680/jgeen.17.00218
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000455673000009
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Shyu, JBH
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Shyu, J. Bruce H.
TI Database and spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Lushan,
   China Mw 6.6 earthquake of 20 April 2013
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2013 Lushan earthquake; Landslide inventory; Landslide database; Spatial
   analysis; Satellite images
ID 8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LONGMEN SHAN; M(S)7.0 EARTHQUAKE; SEISMOGENIC
   STRUCTURE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
AB On 20 April 2013, an earthquake with Mw 6.6 (Ms 7.0) hit Lushan County, Sichuan Province of China (30.3 degrees N, 103 degrees E), only 85 km southwest of the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 event. The Lushan shock triggered a large number of landslides with various types, including highly disrupted shallow slides and rock falls, deep-seated landslides and large-scale rock avalanches. Post-earthquake high resolution aerial photographs and satellite images, as well as a series of pre-earthquake high resolution satellite images were collected to construct a detailed, accurate, objective, and complete coseismic landslide database/inventory, which was validated by field investigation in selected areas. Based on the aerial photographs (0.2 or 0.6 m resolution) that partly cover the affected area and pre-earthquake satellite images, 14,580 coseismic landslides were recognized and mapped. In those areas without post-earthquake aerial photographs coverage, we mapped 7,948 more coseismic landslides based on post-earthquake satellite images (Rapideye images with 5 m resolution and ZY-3 images including panchromatic images with 2.1 m resolution and multi-spectral images with 5.8 in resolution) and pre-earthquake satellite images. The 22,528 coseismic landslides, with a horizontal projection area of 18.88 km(2) and an estimated total volume of 41.56 x 10(6) m(3), were distributed in a nearly elliptic area of about 5,400 km(2). Correlations between coseismic landslide abundances and topographic, geologic, and seismic factors were analyzed on 15,546 landslides of area >= 100 m(2). Scatter plots between regional slope angle and landslide abundances in generalized homogeneous lithology combinations show no obvious relationship is present between them, which challenges the conclusions of previous studies. Combining the Lushan earthquake-triggered landslides with other events on reverse and/or thrust faults such as the 1999 Chi-Chi and 2008 Wenchuan shocks, we found that coseismic landslides tend to occur in areas enveloped by two or more imbricated reverse and/or thrust faults, rather than only along the seismogenic fault. The Lushan event shows a higher ability of triggering landslides compared with other earthquakes of similar magnitudes, which is likely due to the steep and rugged topography and fractured and densely jointed lithology resulted from long-term tectonic activity. The blind reverse seismogenic fault is likely also another significant factor. Based on detailed coseismic landslide inventory maps and databases of several recent major earthquakes such as the 2008 Wenchuan, 2010 Haiti, 2010 Yushu, and 2013 Lushan temblors, we suggest that the empirical correlations between earthquake magnitude and coseismic landslides need to be updated. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Shyu, J. Bruce H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; National
   Taiwan University
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com; xiweixu@vip.sina.com; jbhs@ntu.edu.tw
TC 184
Z9 226
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 1
PY 2015
VL 248
BP 77
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.002
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000361867900007
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Ma, SY
   Xu, C
   Zhou, Q
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
   Zhou, Qing
TI Effects of sampling intensity and non-slide/slide sample ratio on the
   occurrence probability of coseismic landslides
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Logistic regression (LR) model;
   Sampling intensity; Non-slide/slide sample ratio
ID GEOSPATIAL LIQUEFACTION MODEL; REAL-TIME PREDICTION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   CHINA; GIS; ACCURACY; SICHUAN
AB Due to the influence of sampling strategy, the resulting probability of landslides using logistic regression (LR) can deviate considerably from the actual areal percentage of coseismic landslides. This study used the landslides data of the 2013 Lushan, China earthquake to further address this issue. Based on the Bayesian theory, we proposed a sampling method that selects the sliding samples and non-sliding samples based on the ratio of the stable area to the landslide area. Using this method, we tested 15 values of sampling intensities (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 grid cell km(-2)) and 12 values of non-sliding/sliding sample ratios (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, and 228) for the analysis of the LR model. Ten factors were considered in this analysis, including elevation, slope gradient, aspect, the topographic wetness index (TWI), peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance to the epicenter, distance to rivers, distance to roads, lithology, and annual precipitation. In terms of these 15 sampling intensities and 12 sample ratios, the samples were trained 200 and 150 times, respectively using the LR model, yielding 4800 predicted pictures of potential landslides in the study area. The results show that different sampling intensities have a certain effect on the total predicted landslide area - the higher the intensity of the samples, the more stable the prediction results. Especially when the sampling intensity reaches 1000 grid cell km(-2), the total area of the predictive model is about 17.1 km(2), which is close to the real area with 17.16 km(2), with a difference within 2%. Different ratios of non-slide/slide sample greatly affect the occurrence probability of coseismic landslides. When the ratio is 1:1, the predicted landslide area (A(p)) is between 1265 and 1290 km(2), with an average of 1280 km(2), which is 75 times the actual landslide area. The functional relationship between the ratio of predicted area to real area (R-pa) and the ratio of non-sliding samples to sliding samples (R-ns) is R-pa = 99.156R(ns)(-0.826). It implies that the non-slide/slide sample ratio determined by the ratio of stable area to the landslide area permits us to construct real probability models to predict the areal percentages of landslides, and based on such models, the predicted probability is largely consistent with the actual areal percentage of coseismic landslides. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Ma, Siyuan; Zhou, Qing] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 53
Z9 60
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 15
PY 2020
VL 363
AR 107222
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107222
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000538796700007
ER

PT J
AU Pang, JT
   He, L
   He, ZW
   Zeng, WT
   Yuan, Y
   Bai, WQ
   Zhao, JH
AF Pang, Jintai
   He, Li
   He, Zhengwei
   Zeng, Wanting
   Yuan, Yan
   Bai, Wenqian
   Zhao, Jiahua
TI Interactions and Driving Force of Land Cover and Ecosystem Service
   Before and After the Earthquake in Wenchuan County
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE earthquake; land cover; ecosystem services; interactions; driving forces
ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; IMPACTS; AREA
AB The Wenchuan earthquake, an unexpected magnitude 8.0 mega-earthquake that struck on 12 May 2008, significantly changed land cover (LC), particularly affecting vegetation and rock cover. However, the long-term effects of LC changes on ecosystem services (ESs) remain unclear in earthquake-affected regions, especially across different spatial scales. This study, focusing on Wenchuan County, employs a multi-model framework that integrates fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), rock exposure rate (FR), and ecosystem services (ESs), combining correlation analysis, geographically weighted regression (GWR), Self-organizing map (SOM) clustering, and XGBoost-SHAP model, to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics, interrelationships, and driving mechanisms of land cover (LC) and ESs before and after the earthquake. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, FVC and FR fluctuated markedly under earthquake influence, with slight declines in habitat quality (HQ) and carbon storage (CS) and notable improvements in soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY). (2) With increasing elevation, the FVC-CS-SC group exhibited a downward trend and synergy, while the FR-HQ-WY group increased and also showed synergy; trade-offs and synergies became more pronounced at larger scales, displaying strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity. (3) Elevation (explaining 10-60% of variance) was the main driver for LC and ESs, with land use, slope, human activities, climate, and geological conditions significantly impacting individual indicators. At the same time, the existing geological hazard points are mainly concentrated along both sides of the river valleys, which may be associated with intensified human-land conflicts. These findings offer valuable insights into ecological restoration and sustainable development in earthquake-affected regions.
C1 [Pang, Jintai; He, Li; He, Zhengwei; Zhao, Jiahua] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenyironment P, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Pang, Jintai; Zhao, Jiahua] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth & Planetary, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [He, Li; He, Zhengwei; Zeng, Wanting; Yuan, Yan; Bai, Wenqian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Geog & Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP He, L (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenyironment P, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; He, L (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Geog & Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM heli2020@cdut.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD MAR 31
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 7
AR 3094
DI 10.3390/su17073094
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001465778200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Wang, ZH
   Cheng, HB
   Kang, JM
   Liu, XL
AF Wang, Jun
   Wang, Zhihua
   Cheng, Hongbin
   Kang, Junmei
   Liu, Xiaoliang
TI Land Cover Changing Pattern in Pre- and Post-Earthquake Affected Area
   from Remote Sensing Data: A Case of Lushan County, Sichuan Province
SO LAND
DT Article
DE extremely hard hit by earthquakes; Lushan earthquake; land cover; time
   and space evolution
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GEO-HAZARDS;
   VEGETATION; RECONSTRUCTION; RECOVERY
AB Extremely hard-hit areas face frequent secondary geological hazards and difficulties in vegetation recovery, and subsequent effects have a significant impact on land cover changes. At present, there is a lack of research on the dynamic restoration of, and changes in, the ecological environment before and after an earthquake, and especially a lack of quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquakes on land cover at the microscopic scale of spatial distribution of landscape indices. Taking the Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province as an example, this paper obtained land cover data from the study area between 2012 and 2020, and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of land cover change frequency by using a comprehensive land cover degree index, land cover transfer matrix and landscape ecology index. The results show that the types of cropland, forest, built-up and bare land have changed significantly in the study area. During the earthquake recovery period, the comprehensive land cover index of the study area showed an increasing trend, and land cover has been continuously improved under the effect of artificial measures and natural restoration. After 2013, patch density (PD) and landscape shape index (LSI) values decreased and aggregation index (AI) values increased for the vast majority of landscape land classes, indicating a benign ecological development across the region in the post-earthquake period. The research results are not only helpful to establish scientific ecological environmental management in the earthquake-stricken areas, but also helpful to formulate medium- and long-term ecological environmental monitoring and ecological restoration plans based on land cover change patterns.
C1 [Wang, Jun; Cheng, Hongbin; Kang, Junmei] China Earthquake Adm, Monitoring & Applicat Ctr 2, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhihua; Liu, Xiaoliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhihua; Liu, Xiaoliang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; The Second Monitoring & Application
   Center, CEA; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic
   Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, ZH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Wang, ZH (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM 2017026007@chd.edu.cn; zhwang@lreis.ac.cn; chenghongbin@smac.ac.cn;
   2017026008@chd.edu.cn; liuxiaoliang@lreis.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-445X
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 11
IS 8
AR 1205
DI 10.3390/land11081205
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000846700400001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, G
   Zhang, LM
   Li, XY
   Fan, RL
   Zhang, JJ
AF Fan, G.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Li, X. Y.
   Fan, R. L.
   Zhang, J. J.
TI Dynamic response of rock slopes to oblique incident SV waves
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Rock slope; landslide; oblique incidence; peak ground acceleration;
   spectral response; earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTION; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   SEISMIC-WAVES; EPICENTER; SICHUAN; CANYON; CHINA; AREA; SOIL
AB Most dynamic response analyses of rock slopes only consider the vertical incidence of seismic waves. However, obliquely incident waves dominate in near-field seismic areas. This paper presents a new seismic input method that considers near-field oblique incidence based on mechanisms of artificial viscous boundaries and the influence of incident angle on the dynamic response of rock slopes. Three numerical model slopes with different slope angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees are excited with the El Centro earthquake record assuming varying incident angles from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. The results show that the incident angle significantly affects the dynamic response of the slopes. The most damaging incident directions are approximately perpendicular to the slope surface, rather than in the vertical direction. The dynamic response of the slopes will be underestimated if only the vertical incidence is considered. The incident angle affects the reflection wave field in the slope and the areas affected by the reflection waves decrease with increasing slope angle. However, the predominant period of the response spectrum of the rock slopes is not sensitive to the incident angle and location. This study unveils the dynamic mechanism of earthquake-induced rock slides, which is of significance for earthquake hazard prevention.
C1 [Fan, G.] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, G.; Zhang, L. M.; Li, X. Y.; Fan, R. L.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, J. J.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology;
   Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM fangang@scu.edu.cn; cezhangl@ust.hk; lixueyou@ust.hk;
   rfanaa@connect.ust.hk
TC 34
Z9 41
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 20
PY 2018
VL 247
BP 94
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000453495300009
ER

PT J
AU Tai, P
   Wang, XB
   Zhang, LL
   Chen, R
AF Tai, Pei
   Wang, Xiaobin
   Zhang, Lulu
   Chen, Rui
TI Thermal effects on the shear behaviour of saturated coarse-grained soils
   with reference to post-earthquake deposits
SO ACTA GEOPHYSICA
DT Article
DE Thermal effects; Coarse soil; Post-earthquake deposit; Shear behaviour;
   Volume change
ID MEMBRANE PENETRATION; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; LANDSLIDE
AB Recently, the dependency of post-earthquake landslides on temperature variation has been increasingly discovered, where the slope deposits at risk are often enriched with loose and nearly saturated coarse soils, i.e., landslides after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To reveal the thermal effects on the shear behaviour of such materials, a series of temperature-controlled triaxial tests were carried out on soils obtained from post-earthquake deposits. Various temperature conditions were investigated, including temperature level and heating-cooling cycles. It is found that shear strength is slightly increased with rising temperature. At low confining pressure, the gain in strength mainly comes from the enhanced interlock among particles due to thermal expansion, while the thermal densification at soil skeleton level also contributes to strength increase at high confining pressure. Moreover, the contractive strain accumulates as heating-cooling cycles progress, which results in an increasing shear strength. Under a low confining pressure, both expansion during heating and contraction during cooling were minor and reversible. With high confining pressure, the volumetric strain during thermal cycles is significantly increased (up to one order of magnitude) compared to results of other coarse soils in the literature, which indicates that the influence of grain size on thermal deformation cannot be neglected.
C1 [Tai, Pei; Wang, Xiaobin; Chen, Rui] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Tai, Pei; Chen, Rui] Guangdong Prov Key Lab Intelligent & Resilient Str, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Lulu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Ship & Deep Sea Explora, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
C3 Harbin Institute of Technology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Chen, R (corresponding author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.; Chen, R (corresponding author), Guangdong Prov Key Lab Intelligent & Resilient Str, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
EM cechenrui@hit.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER INT PUBL AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 1895-6572
EI 1895-7455
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 72
IS 4
BP 2223
EP 2230
DI 10.1007/s11600-023-01265-4
EA JAN 2024
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:001141923200001
ER

PT J
AU Fu, X
   Zhu, Q
   Liu, C
   Li, NW
   Zhuang, WH
   Yang, ZL
   Lu, H
   Tang, M
AF Fu, Xiao
   Zhu, Qing
   Liu, Chao
   Li, Naiwen
   Zhuang, Wenhua
   Yang, Zhengli
   Lu, Heng
   Tang, Min
TI Estimation of Landslides and Road Capacity after August 8, 2017, MS7.0
   Jiuzhaigou Earthquake Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
SO ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NDVI; EVI; PATTERN
AB On 8 August 2017, Jiuzhaigou earthquake, magnitude 7.0, hit northern Sichuan, China. As the earthquake-stricken area is located in the mountainous region with forest and low residential density, the main damage is to vegetation and roads by earthquake-triggered landslides. In this study, the core area of Jiuzhaigou natural reserve, one of the highest seismic intensity zones, is selected. The landslides are extracted by examining vegetation changes from the preearthquake and postearthquake images using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and are verified by slope. As most road damage in the mountainous region could be attributed to the landslides nearby, the impacts of landslide on road are studied based on spatial analysis and are used to infer occluded road damage. Then, a knowledge-based method for postearthquake road detection and road capacity assessment from preearthquake road data and postearthquake high-resolution remote sensing imagery is proposed, as well as the quantitative road capacity assessment indicators to classify the road grades. This method is evaluated using the Beijing-2 (BJ-2) satellite images over the study area acquired on 28 April and 9 August. Compared with visual interpretation results, the extraction accuracy reached 90% for landslides and 85% for postearthquake roads, indicating that the approaches are effective and promising for quick response to devastating earthquake in similar circumstances.
C1 [Fu, Xiao; Zhu, Qing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chao; Li, Naiwen; Yang, Zhengli; Lu, Heng] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chao; Li, Naiwen; Zhuang, Wenhua; Yang, Zhengli; Lu, Heng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Wenhua] Sichuan Acad Forestry, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Min] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Lu, H (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.; Lu, H (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM luheng@scu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1687-8086
EI 1687-8094
PD NOV 19
PY 2020
VL 2020
AR 8828385
DI 10.1155/2020/8828385
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
UT WOS:000595825600001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YL
   Zhang, G
   Wang, AX
AF Wang, Yaliang
   Zhang, Ga
   Wang, Aixia
TI Progressive Failure Behavior and Mechanism of Soil Slopes under Dynamic
   Loading Conditions
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS
DT Article
DE Slope; Dynamic loading; Failure; Deformation; Centrifuge model test
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LIMIT ANALYSIS; STABILITY; LANDSLIDE;
   EMBANKMENTS; PERFORMANCE; AFTERSHOCKS; FILLS
AB Dynamic loading is a major cause of landslides with significantly different behavior from static loading. A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted to investigate the progressive failure behavior of slopes under dynamic loading conditions, with a focus on the effect of cyclic loading. The cyclic effect induced significant deformation and final failure of the slope, which was influenced by the cyclic loading patterns. The slip surface developed from the top of the slope downward to the lower part with the application of vertical loading. The failure process of the slope exhibited a significant coupling with the deformation localization under dynamic loading conditions. The deformation localization developed in the slope during loading and resulted in the formation of the slip surface. Alternately, the local failure caused stronger deformation localization near the slip surface. The deformation was mainly concentrated in a limited zone. In the zone, a reversed triangular zone under the loading plate exhibited negligible deformation localization. The cyclic loading pattern had a significant effect on the slip surface and limit-bearing capacity of the slope, which was essentially dependent on the diversity of the deformation behavior of the slopes under different cyclic loading conditions. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Wang, Yaliang; Zhang, Ga; Wang, Aixia] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Zhang, G (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM zhangga@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 13
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1532-3641
EI 1943-5622
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 17
IS 4
AR 04016102
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000802
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000398462200026
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Chen, GQ
   Han, Z
   Zheng, L
   Zhang, FL
AF Li, Yange
   Chen, Guangqi
   Han, Zheng
   Zheng, Lu
   Zhang, Feilian
TI A hybrid automatic thresholding approach using panchromatic imagery for
   rapid mapping of landslides
SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE the Otsu method; automatic thresholding; rapid detection of landslides;
   directional recursive method; panchromatic image; multistage local
   thresholding strategy
ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; TESSINA LANDSLIDE; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   OPTIMIZATION; EARTHQUAKE; ECOSYSTEM; HAZARD; FOREST; LEVEL
AB In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for the rapid mapping of landslides, based on automatic thresholding using panchromatic (PAN) images as data sources. The new approach is a combination of image differencing, a multistage local thresholding strategy, and a newly developed directional recursive method. Firstly, the Otsu method has been selected to calculate the global threshold of the entire residual image and the image is repeatedly segmented into sub-images with a growing window size. Secondly, the resulting sub-images are categorized into three types (balanced, background-dominated, and object-dominated) according to the histogram of global and local image information. Thirdly, sub-images of different types are binarized respectively by using different schemes of the proposed directional recursive method. Finally, the individual results in each running step are integrated and the entire image is binarized. The proposed approach has been tested for rapid detection of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, China. Results show that almost all of the landslides are properly detected including the low-contrast ones, which cannot be identified neither by the original Otsu method nor the change detection algorithm within ERDAS software.
C1 [Li, Yange; Chen, Guangqi; Han, Zheng] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Li, Yange; Han, Zheng; Zhang, Feilian] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Lu] Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyushu University; Central South University; Sichuan University
RP Han, Z (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, West 2-1110,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM hankzzz@163.com
TC 15
Z9 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1548-1603
EI 1943-7226
PD NOV 2
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 6
BP 710
EP 730
DI 10.1080/15481603.2014.972867
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000346292400007
ER

PT J
AU Yang, GX
   Qi, SW
   Wu, FQ
   Zhan, ZF
AF Yang, Guoxiang
   Qi, Shengwen
   Wu, Faquan
   Zhan, Zhifa
TI Seismic amplification of the anti-dip rock slope and deformation
   characteristics: A large-scale shaking table test
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Anti-dip slope; Shaking table test; Acceleration; Dynamic response;
   Shallow sliding
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND SHAKING; LANDSLIDES; FAILURES;
   NORTHRIDGE; TOPOGRAPHY; MECHANISMS
AB This paper studied the dynamic response and failure characteristics of the anti-dip rock slope through a large-scale shaking table test. An anti-dip rock slope model with a length of 2.2 m, width of 0.8 m and height of 1.6 m has been constructed in a rigid model box. The similarity law and dimensional analysis have been applied to determine similarity relations and loading conditions. The results indicated that the acceleration was amplified with the increase of the model elevation and shaking intensity. The upper slope showed an exceedingly strong response to horizontal acceleration, meanwhile the lower part showed a stronger response to vertical acceleration. Both the horizontal and vertical accelerations sharply increased at shallow depths of the slope surface. Rock mass dislocations occurred at the slope crest during the initial deformation stage, and subsequently downward toppling took place at the slope crest. Tensile-shear cracks presented in upper slope and went through the model blocks, and intense acceleration responses were recorded where the rock mass was severely deformed. Finally a curved-linear sliding surface was formed. It is notable that shallow landslide was not accidental phenomenon in the lab experiment.
C1 [Yang, Guoxiang] China Univ Geosci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Zhan, Zhifa] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Zhan, Zhifa] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Faquan] Shaoxing Univ, Shaoxing, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Shaoxing University
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Qi, SW (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM 570966297@qq.com; qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn;
   wufaquan@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; 805364286@qq.com
TC 74
Z9 86
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 115
BP 907
EP 916
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.09.010
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000454974400074
ER

PT J
AU Liu, Y
   Zhang, JJ
   Zhu, CH
   Xiang, B
   Wang, D
AF Liu Yang
   Zhang Jian-jing
   Zhu Chong-hao
   Xiang Bo
   Wang Dong
TI Fuzzy-support vector machine geotechnical risk analysis method based on
   Bayesian network
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Geotechnical evaluation; Overfitting problem; Bayesian network; Prior
   knowledge; Fuzzy set theory; Support vector machine
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREDICTION; MODELS
AB Machine learning method has been widely used in various geotechnical engineering risk analysis in recent years. However, the overfitting problem often occurs due to the small number of samples obtained in history. This paper proposes the Fuzzy- SVM (support vector machine) geotechnical engineering risk analysis method based on the Bayesian network. The proposed method utilizes the fuzzy set theory to build a Bayesian network to reflect prior knowledge, and utilizes the SVM to build a Bayesian network to reflect historical samples. Then a Bayesian network for evaluation is built in Bayesian estimation method by combining prior knowledge with historical samples. Taking seismic damage evaluation of slopes as an example, the steps of the method are stated in detail. The proposed method is used to evaluate the seismic damage of 96 slopes along roads in the area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The evaluation results show that the method can solve the overfitting problem, which often occurs if the machine learning methods are used to evaluate risk of geotechnical engineering, and the performance of the method is much better than that of the previous machine learning methods. Moreover, the proposed method can also effectively evaluate various geotechnical engineering risks in the absence of some influencing factors.
C1 [Liu Yang; Zhang Jian-jing; Zhu Chong-hao] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang Bo; Wang Dong] Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Sichuan Prov Transport Dept, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, JJ (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM ly@my.swjtu.edu.cn; jianzhang1102@swjtu.edu.cn; 657896764@qq.com;
   776350448@qq.com; 286013582@qq.com
TC 17
Z9 17
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 8
BP 1975
EP 1985
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-5358-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000478892900017
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Jin, W
   Cui, YF
   Zhang, WF
   Wu, CH
   Pasuto, A
AF Wang Jiao
   Jin Wen
   Cui Yi-fei
   Zhang Wei-feng
   Wu Chun-hao
   Pasuto, Alessandro
TI Earthquake-triggered landslides affecting a UNESCO Natural Site: the
   2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in the World National Park, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslides; Spatial distribution; Landslide area
   ratio; Slope position
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TOPOGRAPHY CONTROL;
   GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; HERITAGE SITES; MASS MOVEMENTS; HAZARDS; FAULT;
   MECHANISM; SIZE
AB On August 8th, 2017, an Ms 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, northern Sichuan Province, China. The Jiuzhaigou Valley World National Park was the most affected area due to the epicentre being located in the scenic area of the park. Understanding the distribution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes to help protect the natural heritage sites in Jiuzhaigou Valley remains a scientific challenge. In this study, a relatively complete inventory of the coseismic landslides triggered by the earthquake was compiled through the interpretation of high-resolution images combined with a field investigation. The results indicate that coseismic landslides not only are concentrated in Rize Gulley, Danzu Gully and Zezhawa Gully in the study area but also occur in the front part of Shuzheng Gully along the road network (from the entrance of Jiuzhaigou Valley to Heye Village). The landslides predominantly occur on the east- and southeast-facing slopes in the study area, which is a result of the integrated action of the valley direction and fault movement direction. The back-slope effect and the slope structure caused the difference in coseismic landslide distribution within the three gullies (Danzu Gully, Rize Gully, and Zezhawa Gully) near the inferred fault. In addition, the topographic position index was used to analyse the impact of microlandforms on earthquake-triggered landslides by considering the effect of the slope angle. The study results reveal a higher concentration of landslides in the slope position class of the middle slope (30A degrees-50A degrees) in Jiuzhaigou Valley. These findings can provide scientific guidance for the protection of natural heritage sites and post-disaster reconstruction in Jiuzhaigou Valley.
C1 [Wang Jiao; Jin Wen; Zhang Wei-feng; Wu Chun-hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jiao; Jin Wen; Zhang Wei-feng; Wu Chun-hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jiao; Jin Wen; Wu Chun-hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Yi-fei] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Pasuto, Alessandro] Sinoitalian Lab Geol & Hydrol Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Pasuto, Alessandro] Natl Res Council Italy, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, Padua, Italy.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Hong Kong University of
   Science & Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
RP Cui, YF (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM jxwwj2015@163.com; jinwen1313@163.com; yifeicui@ust.hk; zwf@imde.ac.cn;
   92126wch@163.com; alessandro.pasuto@irpi.cnr.it
TC 39
Z9 47
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1412
EP 1428
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-4823-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000438468900003
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   Görüm, T
   Kirschbaum, D
   Lombardo, L
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   Gorum, Tolga
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI Could road constructions be more hazardous than an earthquake in terms
   of mass movement?
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Anthropocene; Human-induced mass movements; Road construction;
   Rainfall-induced landslides; Earthquake-induced landslides
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   ANTHROPOCENE; BASIN; EROSION; NEPAL; DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY
AB Roads can have a significant impact on the frequency of mass wasting events in mountainous areas. However, characterizing the extent and pervasiveness of mass movements over time has rarely been documented due to limitations in available data sources to consistently map such events. We monitored the evolution of a road network and assessed its effect on mass movements for a 11-year window in Arhavi, Turkey. The main road construction projects run in the area are associated with a hydroelectric power plant as well as other road extension works and are clearly associated with the vast majority (90.1%) of mass movements in the area. We also notice that the overall number and size of the mass movements are much larger than in the naturally occurring comparison area. This means that the sediment load originating from the anthropogenically induced mass movements is larger than its counterpart associated with naturally occurring landslides. Notably, this extra sediment load could cause river channel aggregation, reduce accommodation space and as a consequence, it could lead to an increase in the probability and severity of flooding along the river channel. This marks a strong and negative effect of human activities on the natural course of earth surface processes. We also compare frequency-area distributions of human-induced mass movements mapped in this study and co-seismic landslide inventories from the literature. By doing so, we aim to better understand the consequences of human effects on mass movements in a comparative manner. Our findings show that the damage generated by the road construction in terms of sediment loads to river channels is compatible with the possible effect of a theoretical earthquake with a magnitude greater than M-w = 6.0.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey.
C3 University of Twente; National Aeronautics & Space Administration
   (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Istanbul Technical University
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 43
Z9 44
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 112
IS 1
BP 639
EP 663
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-05199-2
EA JAN 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000739749700001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, CW
   Iida, T
   Yamada, R
AF Chen, Chi-Wen
   Iida, Tomoyuki
   Yamada, Ryuji
TI Effects of active fault types on earthquake-induced deep-seated
   landslides: A study of historical cases in Japan
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Deep-seated landslide; Earthquake; Active fault; Ground motion
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTION; PREFECTURE
   EARTHQUAKE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; HANGING-WALL; TAIWAN; NORTHRIDGE;
   TOPOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA
AB We investigated the relationship between the distribution of deep-seated landslides (DSLs; landslide volume > 10(5) m(3)) induced by inland earthquakes as well as the distribution of corresponding active faults by compiling preexisting documents on historical DSL occurrence records. The following, points are found: (1) The DSLS induced by reverse fault earthquakes tend to occur equally within a wide range of about 20 km from the faults, whilst >80% of DSLs induced by strike-slip fault earthquakes are concentrated within a small range of about 5 km from the faults. (2) Most of the DSLs are distributed on the hanging wall side of the active faults. (3) The distribution of some historical DSL5 may reflect the directivity of the seismic waves of the historical earthquakes. The minimum peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) during earthquakes that can induce DSLs are estimated to be 15-20 cm s(-1) and 300-400 cm S-2, although most of the DSLs examined were induced by strike-slip fault earthquakes with PGV > 60 cm s(-1) and PGA > 900 cm s(-2). This discrepancy may be attributed to a possible limitation of the proposed equation, which was established mainly for cases of reverse fault earthquakes. It is implied that the type of fault, the side of the epicenter location (hanging wall/footwall side), and the directivity of seismic waves should be considered for assessing the distribution of ground motion in terms of DSL and that these factors may reflect the level of risk for earthquake-induced landslides around active faults. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Chi-Wen; Iida, Tomoyuki; Yamada, Ryuji] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan.
   [Chen, Chi-Wen; Iida, Tomoyuki] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778569, Japan.
   [Chen, Chi-Wen] Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, 9F,200,Sec 3,Beixin Rd, New Taipei, Taiwan.
C3 National Research Institute for Earth Science & Disaster Resilience;
   University of Tokyo; National Science & Technology Center for Disaster
   Reduction (NCDR)
RP Chen, CW (corresponding author), Univ Tokyo, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778569, Japan.
EM cwchen@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
TC 15
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2017
VL 295
BP 680
EP 689
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.07.030
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000413175000049
ER

PT J
AU Xu, YR
   Jing, LZ
   Allen, MB
   Du, P
   Zhang, WH
   Li, WQ
   Tian, QJ
AF Xu, Yueren
   Jing Liu-Zeng
   Allen, Mark B.
   Du, Peng
   Zhang, Weiheng
   Li, Wenqiao
   Tian, Qinjian
TI Understanding historical earthquakes by mapping coseismic landslides in
   the Loess Plateau, northwest China
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE earthquake-triggered landslide; historical earthquake; Loess Plateau;
   re-evaluated magnitude; seismic literature
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; FAULT; TECTONICS;
   LOCATION; DATABASE; EROSION; SICHUAN; BLOCK
AB Locating the epicenters and quantifying the magnitudes of historical earthquakes are important, yet difficult, tasks. These tasks often entail estimating seismic intensities based on written documentation, which suffers from biases and uncertainties that are difficult to evaluate. However, past strong earthquakes may trigger numerous landslides that remain in the landscape to the present day, whose number and distribution are correlated with the magnitude and location of the earthquakes. Thus, mapping historical coseismic landslides may provide a useful tool for re-evaluating the magnitudes of historical earthquakes. We use remote sensing images to map landslides in the southern Loess Plateau, China. We suggested that c. 5000 preserved landslides are related to the 734 ce Tianshui earthquake. These landslides are densely distributed along a c. 70-km-long section of the West Qinling Fault. Based on the assumption that the length of the zone in which substantial landslides occurred is equal to the fault rupture length, we estimated a M-w of 7.2 for the 734 ce Tianshui event, which is similar to previous estimates (M-w = 6.8-7.5). We confirmed that the 1920 ce Haiyuan, 1718 ce Tongwei, and 1654 ce Lixian earthquakes did not contribute to the historical landslides observed in the study area by combination of the mapping and Chinese related literature. We estimated an M-w of 7.0 for the 1654 ce Lixian earthquake, which is lower than previous estimates (M-w = 8.0). We suggest that coseismic landslide of medium and large sizes with areas > 10(4) m(2) can be used as a criterion to locating and quantifying historical earthquakes, thereby reducing uncertainties in the estimated magnitudes of historical earthquakes that lack instrument records.
C1 [Xu, Yueren; Du, Peng; Zhang, Weiheng; Li, Wenqiao; Tian, Qinjian] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Yueren; Allen, Mark B.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England.
   [Jing Liu-Zeng] Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,
   CEA; Durham University; Tianjin University
RP Xu, YR (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
EM xuyr@ief.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 19
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD JUL
PY 2022
VL 47
IS 9
BP 2266
EP 2282
DI 10.1002/esp.5375
EA APR 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000788388300001
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Cui, P
   Xu, L
   Zhou, Y
AF Chang, Ming
   Cui, Peng
   Xu, Lu
   Zhou, Yu
TI The spatial distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides
   triggered by the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake and Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake
   in southwest China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Spatial
   distribution characteristics
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   FAULT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; SICHUAN
AB In recent years, a series of earthquakes have occurred in Sichuan province, southwest China. On April 20, 2013, 1013 landslides were triggered in the Lushan earthquake within the research area of 1215.87 km(2). On August 8, 2017, 821 landslides were induced in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake within the study area of 541.61 km(2). The slope, aspect, elevation, distance to the river, distance to fault, stratum lithology, curvature, and PGA as evaluation factors were chosen to research the distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides. The relationship between influence factors and distribution of coseismic landslides were analyzed using landslide area density (LAD), defined as the ratio between the coseismic landslides area and the total area under the specific classification of eight factors, and landslide number density (LND), interpreted as the number of landslides per square kilometer affected by an earthquake. Both the LAD and LND curves show the common correlations between distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides and the classification of eight factors. The high density of coseismic landslides was found at locations where the valley evolves from U-shaped to V-shaped, along slopes with an inclination between 20 and 50 degrees. Due to the effect of river cutting erosion and human engineering activities, massive coseismic landslides appeared within the scope of 200 m from the river system. Eight hundred sixty small shallow coseismic landslides were found less than 3 km from the seismogenic fault in both earthquakes. Both concave and convex terrain has the same effect of promoting coseismic landslides. The strata of the Carboniferous and Cretaceous are more prone to coseismic landslides occurrence. In the event of another earthquake of similar magnitude in southwest China in the future, the research results can quickly predict the distribution of coseismic landslides and provide a scientific basis for emergency rescue.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming; Xu, Lu; Zhou, Yu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.; Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 25
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0944-1344
EI 1614-7499
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 28
IS 16
BP 20549
EP 20569
DI 10.1007/s11356-020-11826-5
EA JAN 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000605568500043
ER

PT J
AU Guo, CX
   Cui, YF
AF Guo, Chaoxu
   Cui, Yifei
TI Pore structure characteristics of debris flow source material in the
   Wenchuan earthquake area
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wide-grading loose soil; Micropore structure; Serial tomography; Fine
   particle migration; Shallow failure
ID MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY; GRADING UNCONSOLIDATED SOIL; TOPOLOGICAL
   CHARACTERIZATION; MOVING CHARACTERISTICS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INTERNAL
   EROSION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; FINE GRAINS; RAINFALL; SLOPE
AB Wide-grading loose soils (WGLS) are a special slope deposit that often serve as a source for debris flows in the western mountainous area of China. Previous research indicated that rainfall infiltration induced the migration of fine particles within soil slopes and lead to the initiation of shallow failure and subsequent debris flows. Clearly, soil pore structure exerts a profound influence on seepage during rainfall infiltration, which is closely related to soil permeability and corresponding internal erosion. The current understanding of the mechanisms of fine particle migration is limited because of the complexity of WGLS micropore structure. The challenge lies in how to systematically characterize WGLS pore structure so that it provides a foundation for future numerical simulations of fine particle migration-induced debris flows. In this study, the characteristics of WGLS pore structure were analyzed quantitatively using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that WGLS predominantly contained micropores and mesopores. The pore size distribution exhibited a bimodal nature with one peak occurring at a pore diameter of 12 mu m and another at 72 mu m. The pore complexity of all samples exceeded 0.75, which indicates a low aspect ratio for each pore. The average diameter of the fine particles that migrated was then determined with a laboratory seepage test. A preliminary jamming probability analysis based on three-dimensional micropore reconstruction and average fine particle diameter indicate that jamming is most prevalent along the slope.
C1 [Guo, Chaoxu] Fuzhou Univ, Fujian Key Lab Green Bldg Technol, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Yifei] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Fuzhou University; Tsinghua University
RP Cui, YF (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM yifeicui@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 65
Z9 65
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 20
PY 2020
VL 267
AR 105499
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105499
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000518868200014
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JC
   Che, AL
   Wang, LM
   Zhou, HX
AF Chen, Jinchang
   Che, Ailan
   Wang, Lanmin
   Zhou, Hanxu
TI Dynamic response prediction for slope during earthquake using modal
   analysis and deep learning methods
SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
DT Article
DE Loess landslide; Dynamic response prediction; Modal response analysis;
   Deep learning method
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; CYCLIC MOBILITY; OPTIMIZATION;
   MODEL
AB The dynamic response of a slope under earthquake is fundamental for understanding landslide mechanism and performing hazard analysis. This study proposes a prediction approach of dynamic response, which combines the arithmetic optimization algorithm and variational modal decomposition (AOA-VMD) with the deep learning model involving convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory networks, and channel attention (CNNLSTM-Attention). The dataset is derived from the results of shaking table tests and numerical simulations of loessmudstone slopes under different working conditions. The AOA-VMD is first used to identify the components of the dynamic response data that correspond to the frequencies of input seismic signals, slope modal response, and random response. Then, the CNN-LSTM-Attention model is trained to predict each component, separately. The final dynamic response was obtained by combining the different components. Compared to other algorithms including Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bilstm), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Random Forest (RF), the determination coefficient (R2) of the proposed method is the highest, with a value of 0.895. Additionally, the prediction errors of the proposed method are significantly lower: the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.250, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 1.749, the mean bias error (MBE) is 0.003, and the mean squared error (MSE) is 0.190. Compared to Bilstm, LSTM, GRU, and RF, the MAE is reduced by 45.5 %, 59 %, 18.3 %, and 35.9 %, respectively. Similarly, the MAPE is reduced by 27.2 %, 44.7%, 2.9%, and 16.7 %, the MBE is reduced by 75.0 %, 97.4 %, 40.0 %, and 84.2 %, and the MSE is reduced by 78.4 %, 82.0 %, 45.6 %, and 37.7 %, respectively. The study can further help evaluate the stability of slopes under earthquakes and guide the design and construction of engineering protection.
C1 [Chen, Jinchang; Che, Ailan; Wang, Lanmin; Zhou, Hanxu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Ocean & Civil Engn, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Lanmin] China Earthquake Adm, Lanzhou Inst Seismol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; China Earthquake Administration
RP Che, AL (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
EM alche@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0266-352X
EI 1873-7633
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 174
AR 106618
DI 10.1016/j.compgeo.2024.106618
EA JUL 2024
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001279313000001
ER

PT J
AU Robinson, TR
   Davies, TRH
   Wilson, TM
   Orchiston, C
AF Robinson, T. R.
   Davies, T. R. H.
   Wilson, T. M.
   Orchiston, C.
TI Coseismic landsliding estimates for an Alpine Fault earthquake and the
   consequences for erosion of the Southern Alps, New Zealand
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Coseismic landsliding; Erosion; Denudation; Alpine Fault; Earthquakes;
   New Zealand
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOMA-PRIETA; RECORD; HAZARD; PALEOSEISMICITY;
   PROBABILITY; WESTLAND; VOLUMES; EVENTS; ISLAND
AB Landsliding resulting from large earthquakes in mountainous terrain presents a substantial hazard and plays an important role in the evolution of mountain ranges. However estimating the scale and effect of landsliding from an individual earthquake prior to its occurrence is difficult. This study presents first order estimates of the scale and effects of coseismic landsliding resulting from a plate boundary earthquake in the South Island of New Zealand. We model an M-w 8.0 earthquake on the Alpine Fault, which has produced large (M 7.8-82) earthquakes every 329 +/- 68 years over the last 8 ka, with the last earthquake similar to 300 years ago. We suggest that such an earthquake could produce similar to 50,000 +/- 20,000 landslides at average densities of 2-9 landslides km(-2) in the area of most intense landsliding. Between 50% and 90% are expected to occur in a 7000 km(2) zone between the fault and the main divide of the Southern Alps. Total landslide volume is estimated to be 0.81 + 0.87/-0.55 km(3). In major northern and southern river catchments, total landslide volume is equivalent to up to a century of present-day aseismic denudation measured from suspended sediment yields. This suggests that earthquakes occurring at century-timescales are a major driver of erosion in these regions. In the central Southern Alps, coseismic denudation is equivalent to less than a decade of aseismic denudation, suggesting precipitation and uplift dominate denudation processes. Nevertheless, the estimated scale of coseismic landsliding is considered to be a substantial hazard throughout the entire Southern Alps and is likely to present a substantial issue for post-earthquake response and recovery. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Robinson, T. R.; Davies, T. R. H.; Wilson, T. M.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
   [Robinson, T. R.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Orchiston, C.] Univ Otago, Ctr Sustainabil, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
C3 University of Canterbury; Durham University; University of Otago
RP Robinson, TR (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
EM tom.robinson@durham.ac.uk; tim.davies@canterbury.ac.nz;
   thomas.wilson@canterbury.ac.nz; caroline.orchiston@otago.ac.nz
TC 24
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 15
PY 2016
VL 263
BP 71
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.033
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000376712900005
ER

PT J
AU Fu, B
   Xu, P
   Wang, YK
   Guo, YM
   Zhang, YX
   Li, SX
AF Fu, Bin
   Xu, Pei
   Wang, Yukuan
   Guo, Yinman
   Zhang, Yuxin
   Li, Shuxin
TI Critical areas linking the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem
   services: Accessibility and geological disasters
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
DT Article
DE Critical area; Geological disasters; Service connection area; Aba
   prefecture, China
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION; SUSTAINABLE TOURISM; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   MAPPING RECREATION; SEISMIC RISK; LAND-COVER; MANAGEMENT; ACCESS;
   FRAMEWORK; STAKEHOLDERS
AB Compared with the well-documented research on the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services (CESs), there is a knowledge gap with respect to service connecting areas. SCAs are areas that connect the supply of CESs with the demand for CESs. We developed a framework with which to analyze the relationship between CES provision, benefit, and connection areas. The framework was applied to Aba Prefecture in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Landscapes with alpine gorges and unique Tibetan - qiangzhu culture provide a large variety of cultural services but coexist with a high risk of landslides and debris flows occurring. The results show that the study area provides rich but scattered CESs, leading to low accessibility with travel times varying from 53 min to 11 1/2 hours. A CES connection area includes roads and towns along the route. This is a high risk area for landslides and debris flow, with a disaster density of 4 events per 10 km per year. Geological disasters in SCAs significantly reduce CES accessibility, with up to tenfold increase in travel time. Section C of national road G213 bears the critical impact on CES, with cumulative IFd of 59.8 days. Integrated management can be implemented by regional partitioning, protecting and enhancing CES supply in the provision area, strengthening governance and improving accessibility after geological disasters in the connection areas, optimizing the supply of SPAs, and improving transmission of disaster warning information for CES users in the benefit area(s). (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fu, Bin; Xu, Pei; Wang, Yukuan; Guo, Yinman; Zhang, Yuxin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Bin; Xu, Pei; Wang, Yukuan; Guo, Yinman; Zhang, Yuxin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Shuxin] Sichuan Res Inst Tourism Planning & Design, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Fu, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fubin@imde.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 12
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
EI 2351-9894
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 21
AR e00839
DI 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00839
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000517814100039
ER

PT J
AU Zhuang, JQ
   Peng, JB
   Xu, C
   Li, ZH
   Densmore, A
   Milledge, D
   Iqbal, J
   Cui, YF
AF Zhuang, Jianqi
   Peng, Jianbing
   Xu, Chong
   Li, Zhenhong
   Densmore, Alexander
   Milledge, David
   Iqbal, Javed
   Cui, Yifei
TI Distribution and characteristics of loess landslides triggered by the
   1920 Haiyuan Earthquake, Northwest of China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Coseismic loess landslide; Distribution; Characteristics; Haiyuan
   Earthquake
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PLATEAU; DISPLACEMENT;
   CALIFORNIA
AB On December 16, 1920, an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.5 occurred in Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest of China. This earthquake triggered several thousand loess landslides which resulted in thousands of deaths and blockages of rivers. The distribution and characteristics of the landslides triggered by the Haiyuan Earthquake in loess areas were studied using satellite images and field investigation. A total of about 3700 landslides with a cumulative area of about 177 km(2) were interpreted over an area of 21,000 km(2). It was found that landslides triggered by the earthquake were concentrated in a western of 40-55 km from the Haiyuan fault. Landslides were concentrated near ridge crests, with 65.7% of the landslides originating in the upper quadrant of slopes. The aspects of the landslides triggered by the Haiyuan Earthquake were parallel to the faults and there is no back-direction effect in landslides triggered by Haiyuan earthquake. These landslides have long run-out distances(travel distance (L)/height different (H) > 0.6) and deposited materials in river channels, forming 51 dammed lakes that still exist. The relationship between the area (A) and volume (V) of the landslides is V = 4.170 x A(1.086). Based on the relationship between number and volume of landslide and the magnitude of earthquake, >100,000 landslides with a cumulative volume of 0.5 x 10(10) m(3) were triggered by the Haiyuan Earthquake. As loess is sensitive to liquefaction during an earthquake and tends to produce landslides with long travel distances. Hence, the loess depth, slope and geological stresses are the primary factors responsible for the high density of landslides in this region. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhuang, Jianqi; Peng, Jianbing] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Surveying, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Jianqi; Li, Zhenhong] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, COMET, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Densmore, Alexander; Milledge, David] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3HP, England.
   [Iqbal, Javed] Abbottabad Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
   [Cui, Yifei] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chang'an University; Newcastle University - UK; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Durham University; Hong Kong
   University of Science & Technology
RP Peng, JB (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Surveying, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM rockfans09@163.com
TC 78
Z9 100
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 1
PY 2018
VL 314
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.04.012
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000434750000001
ER

PT J
AU Zou, Y
   Qi, SW
   Guo, SF
   Zheng, BW
   Zhan, ZF
   He, NW
   Huang, XL
   Hou, XK
   Liu, HY
AF Zou, Yu
   Qi, Shengwen
   Guo, Songfeng
   Zheng, Bowen
   Zhan, Zhifa
   He, Naiwu
   Huang, Xiaolin
   Hou, Xiaokun
   Liu, Haiyang
TI Factors controlling the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides
   triggered by the Mw 6.1 Ludian earthquake in China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Ludian earthquake; Spatial analysis; Landslide concentration; Coseismic
   landslides; Engineering disturbance
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 2013 LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN;
   LOMA-PRIETA; HAZARD; YUNNAN; FAULT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; PROVINCE
AB Understanding the spatial distribution regularity of coseismic landslides is important for mitigation in future earthquakes. Unveiling the controlling factors of the distribution of coseismic landslides is a long-standing unsolved problem. On 3 August 2014, a Mw 6.1 earthquake occurred in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, and resulted in a great number of landslides and substantial losses. The coseismic landslide distribution in this earthquake, which was triggered by an unmapped fault, shows a different pattern. This paper conducted a spatial analysis to reveal the controlling factors in the Ludian earthquake. A spatial database of landslides has been built by interpreting the ZY-3 pre-earthquake, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), GeoEye-1 and GF-1 post-earthquake. A total of 1414 landslides were identified after a combination of image interpretation and field investigation in an area of 704.7 km(2). The geological setting of the study area, including the tectonics and lithology, has been mapped in detail. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area with a resolution of 30 m x 30 m was presented to address the topographic characteristics. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyse the spatial characterization of the landslides. Correlations between the occurrences of landslides and factors, i.e., slope gradient, elevation, slope aspect, intensity, distance to coseismic fault, distance to the epicentre, lithology, distance to non-coseismic faults, distance to rivers and distance to road, were characterized with a spatial analysis in GIS. It can be concluded that the slope gradient and the distance to the coseismic fault are the two most important factors for determining the spatial distribution of coseismic disasters. Some other factors play a role by influencing the slope gradient to a certain extent, and the movement of the coseismic fault is the prone direction of coseismic landslides. Slope cutting fractures the rock mass, increases the slope gradient, and significantly increases the occurrence of coseismic landslides. A statistics analysis indicates that the landslide concentration (LC) generally has an obvious exponential decrease with an increasing distance to the coseismic fault, while it has a good Weibull cumulative distribution with the slope gradient.
C1 [Zou, Yu; Qi, Shengwen; Guo, Songfeng; Zheng, Bowen; Huang, Xiaolin; Hou, Xiaokun; Liu, Haiyang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn KLSGG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Yu; Qi, Shengwen; Guo, Songfeng; Zheng, Bowen; Huang, Xiaolin; Hou, Xiaokun; Liu, Haiyang] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Yu; Qi, Shengwen; Guo, Songfeng; Zheng, Bowen; Huang, Xiaolin; Hou, Xiaokun; Liu, Haiyang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth & Planetary Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Zhifa] China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
   [He, Naiwu] China Highway Engn Consulting Corp, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn KLSGG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 46
Z9 55
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2022
VL 296
AR 106477
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106477
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000787902300001
ER

PT J
AU Parker, RN
   Hancox, GT
   Petley, DN
   Massey, CI
   Densmore, AL
   Rosser, NJ
AF Parker, R. N.
   Hancox, G. T.
   Petley, D. N.
   Massey, C. I.
   Densmore, A. L.
   Rosser, N. J.
TI Spatial distributions of earthquake-induced landslides and hillslope
   preconditioning in the northwest South Island, New Zealand
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID SEISMIC HAZARD MODEL; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTIONS; LOMA-PRIETA;
   FATIGUE; NORTHRIDGE; TOPOGRAPHY; EVENT; INVENTORIES; REGRESSION
AB Current models to explain regional-scale landslide events are not able to account for the possible effects of the legacy of previous earthquakes, which have triggered landslides in the past and are known to drive damage accumulation in brittle hillslope materials. This paper tests the hypothesis that spatial distributions of earthquake-induced landslides are determined by both the conditions at the time of the triggering earthquake (time-independent factors) and the legacy of past events (time-dependent factors). To explore this, we undertake an analysis of failures triggered by the 1929 Buller and 1968 Inangahua earthquakes, in the northwest South Island of New Zealand. The spatial extents of landslides triggered by these events were in part coincident. Spatial distributions of earthquake-triggered landslides are determined by a combination of earthquake and local characteristics, which influence the dynamic response of hillslopes. To identify the influence of a legacy from past events, we first use logistic regression to control for the effects of time-independent variables. Through this analysis we find that seismic ground motion, hillslope gradient, lithology, and the effects of topographic amplification caused by ridge-and slope-scale topography exhibit a consistent influence on the spatial distribution of landslides in both earthquakes. We then assess whether variability unexplained by these variables may be attributed to the legacy of past events. Our results suggest that hillslopes in regions that experienced strong ground motions in 1929 were more likely to fail in 1968 than would be expected on the basis of time-independent factors alone. This effect is consistent with our hypothesis that unfailed hillslopes in the 1929 earthquake were weakened by damage accumulated during this earthquake and its associated aftershock sequence, which influenced the behaviour of the landscape in the 1968 earthquake. While our results are tentative, they suggest that the damage legacy of large earthquakes may persist in parts of the landscape for much longer than observed sub-decadal periods of post-seismic landslide activity and sediment evacuation. Consequently, a lack of knowledge of the damage state of hillslopes in a landscape potentially represents an important source of uncertainty when assessing landslide susceptibility. Constraining the damage history of hillslopes, through analysis of historical events, therefore provides a potential means of reducing this uncertainty.
C1 [Parker, R. N.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
   [Hancox, G. T.; Massey, C. I.] Inst Geol & Nucl Sci GNS, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Petley, D. N.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
   [Densmore, A. L.; Rosser, N. J.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Densmore, A. L.; Rosser, N. J.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
C3 Cardiff University; GNS Science - New Zealand; University of East
   Anglia; Durham University; Durham University
RP Parker, RN (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
EM parkerr5@cardiff.ac.uk
TC 107
Z9 114
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 4
BP 501
EP 525
DI 10.5194/esurf-3-501-2015
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000365626000004
ER

PT J
AU Zhuang, Y
   Xu, Q
   Xing, AG
   Bilal, M
   Gnyawali, KR
AF Zhuang, Yu
   Xu, Qiang
   Xing, Aiguo
   Bilal, Muhammad
   Gnyawali, Kaushal Raj
TI Catastrophic air blasts triggered by large ice/rock avalanches
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Ice; rock avalanche; Air blast; DEM-CFD coupled modeling;
   Disaster-causing mechanism
ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAPPY ISLES; ROCK FALL;
   SNOW; ENERGY
AB Large ice/rock avalanches have been known to generate extremely powerful air blasts capable of causing fatalities and destruction far beyond the runout of the movement mass. Thus, an appraisal of their possible destructive air blast should be considered during the risk assessments. However, much less is known about how avalanche-induced air blasts occur and how destructive they are. Here an existing DEM-CFD coupled method was innovatively employed to quantitatively analyze the initiation and propagation mechanism of the air blast caused by the largest ice-rock avalanche during Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake, and compared the results with some recorded events. Our results highlighted the contribution of valley morphology to air blast generation. Large high-velocity ice/rock avalanches that have an airborne trajectory or a travel path with turning points can suddenly release tremendous energy and more probably cause destructive air blasts. Additionally, the Langtang air blast presented a propagation of 1 km from the avalanche impact point and equivalent destruction to an EF2-EF5 tornado, causing mass casualties. The large impact region and destructive force of avalanche-induced air blasts suggests their disastrous consequences that should provoke assessment of such type of cascading effect during the landslide risk assessment, especially for the long-term sustainability of planned infrastructure in high-altitude regions.
C1 [Zhuang, Yu; Xing, Aiguo; Bilal, Muhammad] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Yu; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Gnyawali, Kaushal Raj] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   University of British Columbia
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM xq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 27
Z9 27
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 1
BP 53
EP 64
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-01967-8
EA SEP 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000852344100001
ER

PT J
AU Qu, HL
   Wang, CX
   Zhang, GL
   Liu, Y
   Luo, H
   Mei, Q
AF Qu, Honglue
   Wang, Chenxu
   Zhang, Gulan
   Liu, Ying
   Luo, Hao
   Mei, Qian
TI Seismic damage mechanism of bedrock and overburden layer slope
   reinforced by sheet pile wall
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE sheet pile wall; shaking table test; Hilbert-Huang transform; dynamic
   response characteristics; seismic damage mechanism
AB Sheet pile walls, widely used in landslide control projects, have demonstrated excellent seismic performance during the great Wenchuan earthquake, as indicated by an investigation of retaining walls following earthquake damage. To further understand the mechanism of seismic damage based on the Hilbert-Huang transform method and marginal spectrum identification theory, a large-scale shaking table test of bedrock and overburden layer slope reinforced by sheet pile wall was carried out, and the mechanism of seismic damage was analysed. The results show that the change in marginal spectrum amplitude and characteristic frequency can clearly indicate the degree of seismic damage to the slope soil. First, the dynamic response of the slope soil near sheet pile wall is smaller than the response observed in soil farther from the wall, and the degree of seismic damage near the wall is relatively weaker than that farther away from the wall. Second, the energy of the seismic wave cannot be completely transferred behind the wall, and the strip cracks of soil behind the wall can be determined. Finally, the slope soil slides along a slip surface so that the front edge of the slope is squeezed due to the vertical tensile cracks at the rear edge. In addition, the results confirm the feasibility of the Hilbert-Huang transform method for studying the mechanism of the seismic damage to the structure-soil coupling system.
C1 [Qu, Honglue; Wang, Chenxu; Zhang, Gulan; Liu, Ying; Mei, Qian] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Gulan] State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Hao] Sixth Co, China Southwest Geotech Invest & Design Inst Co L, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University
RP Qu, HL; Zhang, GL (corresponding author), Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM geoqhl@126.com; gulanzhang@163.com
TC 15
Z9 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1742-2132
EI 1742-2140
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 4
BP 667
EP 679
DI 10.1093/jge/gxz032
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000493090300001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, HL
   Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Fan, XM
   Lei, J
AF Yang, Hailong
   Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Lei, Jin
TI Multiple earthquake-induced progressive failure of bedding slopes with a
   saturated weak layer: Shaking table model tests
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Dynamic response; Failure mode; Seismic deformation; Bedding slopes;
   Weak interlayer; Progressive failure
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN; STABILITY
AB The Longmenshan (LMS) orogenic belt located in the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau has suffered from frequent earthquakes. Despite the fact that multiple earthquakes can accelerate the catastrophic failure of deep-seated bedding landslides by causing rock mass damage accumulation, the seismic deformation evolution characteristics during the progressive failure have received limited attention. This study employs a physical model of deepseated bedding landslides with a saturated weak layer as a slope prototype to conduct model tests that simulate the progressive failure induced by repeated earthquakes. Embedded sensors and digital image correlation (DIC) technology were used to monitor the seismic response and deformation evolution of the physical model. During the test, sensors embedded in the saturated weak layer recorded the excess pore water pressure (EPWP). The test results revealed that the EPWP responses are highly related to the input parameters of seismic waves and the seismic damage state of the weak layer. In addition, a deformation coefficient (Dc) was proposed to identify the deformation stages consisting of the release of steep tensile failure surface and the shear failure evolution from stable to accelerated deformation. Finally, the test results indicated that historical seismic damage accumulation will make an important contribution to later earthquake-induced coseismic instability, which provide new insight into the initiation of large landslides triggered by low magnitude earthquakes.
C1 [Yang, Hailong; Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Fan, Xuanmei; Lei, Jin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Cui, SH; Pei, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM yhl826325@126.com; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; peixj0119@tom.com;
   fxm_cdut@qq.com; 2732493742@qq.com
TC 22
Z9 22
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 170
AR 107906
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107906
EA MAR 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000959411900001
ER

PT J
AU Song, DQ
   Chen, Z
   Dong, LH
   Zhu, WC
AF Song, Danqing
   Chen, Zhuo
   Dong, Lihu
   Zhu, Wencheng
TI Numerical Investigation on Dynamic Response Characteristics and
   Deformation Mechanism of a Bedded Rock Mass Slope Subject to Earthquake
   Excitation
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE seismic response characteristics; rock slope; bedded structural planes;
   time-domain analysis; frequency-domain analysis
ID COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN
   PROVINCE; XINMO LANDSLIDE; SEISMIC-WAVES; FAILURE MODE; STABILITY; AREA
AB In order to systematically reveal the dynamic response characteristics of rock mass slopes subject to seismic excitation, time-domain and frequency-domain analyses are used to investigate the dynamic response of a bedded rock slope from multiple perspectives, using the two-dimensional numerical dynamic analyses. Based on the numerical simulation results, the influence of the weak bedded structural planes on the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in the slope is analyzed. The time-domain analysis suggests that the topographic and geological conditions have an influence on the dynamic response of the slope. The effects of ground motion direction on the dynamic response characteristics of the slope are identified. In addition, according to the frequency-domain analysis, the impacts of slope surface, elevation, and structural plane on the seismic response characteristics of the slope are also clarified. The intrinsic characteristics of the slope are investigated by using Fourier spectral analysis and modal analysis, and the deformation response characteristics of the slope are clarified. The relationship between different natural frequencies of the slope, the predominant frequency of the seismic wave, and the dynamic response characteristics of the slope is discussed. Moreover, the dynamic failure mechanism of the slope is analyzed. This work provides a reference for the seismic analysis of this type of slope.
C1 [Song, Danqing; Zhu, Wencheng] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zhuo] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zhuo] Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Lihu] Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Shenyang 110870, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Sichuan Agricultural University; Sichuan
   Agricultural University; Shenyang University of Technology
RP Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.; Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.
EM songdq2019@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; 13882535009@163.com;
   m15821909592@163.com; mrkongfupanda@gmail.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 11
IS 15
AR 7068
DI 10.3390/app11157068
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:000681967000001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, Y
   Huang, XJ
   Zhang, ZX
   Qi, XX
AF Liu, Yi
   Huang, Xianjin
   Zhang, Zhengxian
   Qi, Xinxian
TI Spatiotemporal dynamics and anthropogenic drivers of geological hazard
   prevention efficiency in China
SO CITIES
DT Article
DE Geological hazards; Prevention efficiency; Anthropogenic drivers;
   Sustainable development
ID SLACKS-BASED MEASURE; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; DISASTER
   RISK; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NATURAL HAZARDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATION; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT
AB Rapid socio-economic development and the large-scale anthropogenic activities aggravated the risk of geological hazards, endangering human life and property safety. Understanding the geological hazard prevention efficiency (GHPE) and driving factors is important for promoting the sustainable development, there are few quantitative studies have investigated the GHPE and anthropogenic drivers in China. This study employed the superefficiency slack based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model with undesirable outputs and Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of GHPE from static and dynamic perspectives. Additionally, the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was utilized to identify the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic drivers on GHPE in China. Results showed that GHPE showed a spatial difference of eastern > central > western China, with only 38.71 % provinces were in an optimal prevention condition of the GHPE. An average annual growth rate of GHPE was 5.8 % in China, with a distribution pattern characterized by central > eastern > western China. Furthermore, the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic drivers affecting GHPE varied greatly across different regions. Our findings highlighted investment in environmental protection had obviously positive effects on the GHPE, whereas urban population density had markedly inhibited effects in most provinces. Low GHPE was more prevalent in regions with relatively backward economic and technological levels. Effective measures were proposed to promote regional highquality and sustainable development.
C1 [Liu, Yi; Huang, Xianjin; Qi, Xinxian] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xianjin] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Coastal Zone Exploitat & Protect, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhengxian] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Sc, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing University; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China; Wuhan University
RP Huang, XJ (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Zhang, ZX (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Sc, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
EM yiliu@smail.nju.edu.cn; hxj369@nju.edu.cn; zhangzx@whu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 143
AR 104607
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104607
EA OCT 2023
SC Urban Studies
UT WOS:001091239900001
ER

PT J
AU Roering, JJ
   Mackey, BH
   Handwerger, AL
   Booth, AM
   Schmidt, DA
   Bennett, GL
   Cerovski-Darriau, C
AF Roering, Joshua J.
   Mackey, Benjamin H.
   Handwerger, Alexander L.
   Booth, Adam M.
   Schmidt, David A.
   Bennett, Georgina L.
   Cerovski-Darriau, Corina
TI Beyond the angle of repose: A review and synthesis of landslide
   processes in response to rapid uplift, Eel River, Northern California
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Review
DE Landslide; Lidar; Landscape evolution; Insar; Erosion; Suspended
   sediment
ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PORE-PRESSURE
   DIFFUSION; MAM-TOR LANDSLIDE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION;
   EROSION RATES; SEDIMENT FLUX; SLOPE-FAILURE; FUNCTIONAL-RELATIONSHIPS
AB In mountainous settings, increases in rock uplift are often followed by a commensurate uptick in denudation as rivers incise and steepen hillslopes, making them increasingly prone to landsliding as slope angles approach a limiting value. For decades, the threshold slope model has been invoiced to account for landslide-driven increases in sediment flux that limit topographic relief, but the manner by which slope failures organize themselves spatially and temporally in order for erosion to keep pace with rock uplift has not been well documented. Here, we review past work and present new findings from remote sensing, cosmogenic radionuclides, suspended sediment records, and airborne lidar data, to decipher patterns of landslide activity and geomorphic processes related to rapid uplift along the northward-migrating Mendocino Triple Junction in Northern California. From historical air photos and airborne lidar, we estimated the velocity and sediment flux associated with active, slow-moving landslides (or earthflows) in the melange- and argillite-dominated Eel River watershed using the downslope displacement of surface markers such as trees and shrubs. Although active landslides that directly convey sediment into the channel network account for only 7% of the landscape surface, their sediment flux amounts to more than 50% of the suspended load recorded at downstream sediment gaging stations. These active slides tend to exhibit seasonal variations in velocity as satellite-based interferometry has demonstrated that rapid acceleration commences within 1 to 2 months of the onset of autumn rainfall events before slower deceleration ensues in the spring and summer months. Curiously, this seasonal velocity pattern does not appear to vary with landslide size, suggesting that complex hydrologic mechanical feedbacks (rather than 1-D pore pressure diffusion) may govern slide dynamics. A new analysis of 14 yrs of discharge and sediment concentration data for the Eel River indicates that the characteristic mid-winter timing of earthflow acceleration corresponds with increased suspended concentration values, suggesting that the seasonal onset of landslide motion each year may be reflected in the export of sediments to the continental margin. The vast majority of active slides exhibit gullied surfaces and the gully networks, which are also seasonally active, may facilitate sediment export although the proportion of material produced by this pathway is poorly known. Along Kekawaka Creek, a prominent tributary to the Eel River, new analyses of catchment-averaged erosion rates derived from cosmogenic radionuclides reveal rapid erosion (0.76 mm/yr) below a prominent knickpoint and slower erosion (0.29 mm/yr) upstream. Such knickpoints are frequently observed in Eel tributaries and are usually comprised of massive (>10 m) interlocking resistant boulders that likely persist in the landscape for long periods of time (>10(5)yr). Upstream of these knickpoints, active landslides tend to be less frequent and average slope angles are slightly gentler than in downstream areas, which indicates that landslide density and average slope angle appear to increase with erosion rate. Lastly, we synthesize evidence for the role of large, catastrophic landslides in regulating sediment flux and landscape form. The emergence of resistant blocks within the melange bedrock has promoted large catastrophic slides that have dammed the Eel River and perhaps generated outburst events in the past.
   The frequency and impact of these landslide dams likely depend on the spatial and size distributions of resistant blocks relative to the width and drainage area of adjacent valley networks. Overall, our findings demonstrate that landslides within the Eel River catchment do not occur randomly, but instead exhibit spatial and temporal patterns related to baselevel lowering, climate forcing, and lithologic variations. Combined with recent landscape evolution models that incorporate landslides, these results provide predictive capability for estimating erosion rates and managing hazards in mountainous regions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Roering, Joshua J.; Handwerger, Alexander L.; Bennett, Georgina L.; Cerovski-Darriau, Corina] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   [Mackey, Benjamin H.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
   [Booth, Adam M.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
   [Schmidt, David A.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
C3 University of Oregon; University of Canterbury; Portland State
   University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Roering, JJ (corresponding author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM jroering@uoregon.edu
TC 68
Z9 84
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 236
BP 109
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.013
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000352677000009
ER

PT J
AU Kang, JM
   Wang, ZH
   Cheng, HB
   Wang, J
   Liu, XL
AF Kang, Junmei
   Wang, Zhihua
   Cheng, Hongbin
   Wang, Jun
   Liu, Xiaoliang
TI Remote Sensing Land Use Evolution in Earthquake-Stricken Regions of
   Wenchuan County, China
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake; land use; landscape pattern;
   spatial-temporal evolution
ID TIME-SERIES DATA; VEGETATION RECOVERY; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; GEO-HAZARDS;
   COVER; RECONSTRUCTION; TECHNOLOGY; DISASTERS
AB Earthquakes and their secondary geological disasters have a certain impact on the land cover, which leads to the degradation of the ecological environment and the stability of the ecosystem. At present, there are few studies on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in earthquake-stricken regions, especially the lack of quantitative evaluation of the impact of earthquakes on land use at the micro-scale. The "5 center dot 12" Wenchuan ms8.0 earthquake caused serious damage to the surface resources in the disaster area. The study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in the disaster area can provide a reference for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment. Therefore, based on geographical big data, this paper used a land-use comprehensive degree index, land-use transfer matrix, and landscape ecological index to explore and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land use in Wenchuan County before and after the earthquake. The results showed that the types of cropland, forest, built-up, and bare land changed greatly before and after the earthquake. During the earthquake recovery period, the comprehensive index of land use in the study area basically showed an increasing trend. Under the effect of artificial measures and natural restoration, land use was continuously improved, and vegetation was restored well. After 2008, the Patch Density (PD) and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) values of most landscape types decreased, and the Aggregation Index (AI) values increased, indicating that the ecological environment of the whole region showed a benign development in the post-earthquake period. The results not only contribute to the establishment of scientific ecological environment management in earthquake-stricken regions but also contribute to the formulation of long-term ecological environment monitoring and ecological restoration planning according to the law of land-use change.
C1 [Kang, Junmei; Cheng, Hongbin; Wang, Jun] China Earthquake Adm, Monitoring & Applicat Ctr 2, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhihua; Liu, Xiaoliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhihua; Liu, Xiaoliang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; The Second Monitoring & Application
   Center, CEA; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic
   Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, ZH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Wang, ZH (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM zhwang@lreis.ac.cn
TC 13
Z9 15
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 15
AR 9721
DI 10.3390/su14159721
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000839046600001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, R
   Wang, T
AF Liu, Ru
   Wang, Teng
TI The relationship between three-dimensional coseismic displacement and
   distribution of coseismic landslides
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Three-dimensional coseismic displacement; InSAR;
   Landslide risk assessment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; KAIKOURA EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; 2015
   GORKHA; RUPTURE; REVERSE; PATTERN; CHINA
AB In mountainous areas, landslides induced by destructive earthquakes are one of the main causes of human casualties, which is an important link in the chain of earthquake hazards. Earthquake-triggered landslides are mainly controlled by three factors, namely seismic property, topography, and geology. Many studies have been conducted on these controlling factors of earthquake-triggered landslides. However, little is known about the effect of coseismic displacement on the distribution of landslides under different slope aspects and slope angles, hindering our understanding of the mechanism of inducing landslides by the combination of surface displacement and slope geometry at the local scale and leading to controversial opinions about the abnormal number of earthquake-triggered landslides in several cases. Here, we took the 2008 Wenchuan M(w)7.9 earthquake in China, the 2015 Gorkha M(w)7.8 earthquake in Nepal, and the 2016 Kaikoura M(w)7.8 earthquake in New Zealand as examples to investigate the relationship between the distribution of large earthquake-triggered landslides and the three-dimensional (3D) coseismic displacement field. We divided the landslide-prone area around the epicenter into regular grids and calculated the 3D coseismic displacement in each grid according to the radar satellite images and slip distribution model. Then, the 3D coseismic displacement was projected to two coordinate systems related to the slope where the landslides were located for statistical analysis. We determined that the surface uplift perpendicular to the slope is more likely to induce landslides, particularly when combined with large slope angles. Meanwhile, the number of landslides will be significantly reduced where the subsidence occurs. Regardless of uplift or subsidence, landslides are more likely to occur when the direction of coseismic horizontal displacement is far from the slope. The larger the slope angles are, the greater the effects of horizontal displacement and slope aspect. A dominant slope aspect also exists for earthquake-triggered landslides, which is different from the mean slope aspect calculated from the background topography. This dominant aspect angle is related to the focal mechanism and striking angle of surface rupture. These results indicate that we can simulate the 3D coseismic displacement field from known fault location and earthquake mechanism and combine the topographic data for landslide risk assessment in earthquake-prone mountainous areas to minimize the damage caused by possible earthquake-triggered landslides.
C1 [Liu, Ru; Wang, Teng] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Teng] Peking Univ, Hebei Hongshan Natl Geophys Observat Thick Sedimen, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
C3 Peking University; Peking University
RP Wang, T (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Wang, T (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Hebei Hongshan Natl Geophys Observat Thick Sedimen, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM wang.teng@pku.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
EI 1869-1897
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 66
IS 7
BP 1583
EP 1602
DI 10.1007/s11430-021-1088-1
EA JUN 2023
SC Geology
UT WOS:001008913400001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, M
   Yu, XY
   Pan, YH
   Liu, XS
   Zhao, YP
   Hu, JJ
AF Xu, Ming
   Yu, Xiaoyue
   Pan, Yuhua
   Liu, Xianshan
   Zhao, Yuanping
   Hu, Jiaju
TI Analysis of the seismic dynamic response and failure mode of the Layue
   landslide
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Bedding rock slope; Block model; Shaking table test; Seismic ground
   motion parameters; Dynamic response; Failure mode
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK SLOPE; INITIATION; MECHANISM
AB Shear failure of bedding slopes along weak zones is the main failure mechanism of the Layue landslide. To investigate the seismic dynamic response and destabilization failure mode of rock slopes with laminated fracture structures, a two-dimensional shaking table test with different ground motion inputs was performed, taking into consideration a variety of factors, such as the input seismic wave type and amplitude. The results show that the ground shaking characteristics and geological structure of the slope are the decisive factors in determining the seismic dynamic stability and failure mode of the slope. The horizontal dynamic response of the slope has an obvious elevation amplification effect and topographic effect, and the elevation has less influence on the vertical dynamic response of the slope. The ground motion amplification effect is related to the mechanical strength of the structural surface, the waveform of seismic waves, and the spectral characteristics. The sine wave has a more significant influence on the amplification effect of the slope than the natural wave. The slope cracks are initiated and propagate at the weakest part depending on the dominant structural surface and trace to the joint surface to form creep sections and locking sections. The strength parameter of the joint surface weakens under the action of geological agents, which results in two failure modes of the slope: the forward failure mode and the backward failure mode. The former refers to the potential slip belt lap through from the trailing edge to the front edge, where the sliding mass is cut out from the high position. The latter refers to the potential slip belt lap through the front edge to the trailing edge, and the sliding mass breaks down and is destroyed. Through a unique adaptive device, the seismic anchor cable can coordinate the deformation of the anchor cable with the rock-soil body, which can reduce the risk of a slope earthquake disaster.
C1 [Xu, Ming; Yu, Xiaoyue; Pan, Yuhua; Liu, Xianshan] Chongqing Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Ming; Liu, Xianshan] Chongqing Univ, Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reservo, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Yuanping] CISDI Engn Co Ltd, Chongqing 400013, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Jiaju] China Construct Fifth Engn Div Corp Ltd, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Xu, M (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Xu, M (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reservo, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM foretech@163.com; sweetmoonlet@163.com
TC 16
Z9 16
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 6
BP 1135
EP 1148
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02028-4
EA FEB 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000936248100001
ER

PT J
AU Li, WP
   Wu, YM
   Gao, X
   Wang, WM
AF Li, Wenping
   Wu, Yuming
   Gao, Xing
   Wang, Weimin
TI Dependence of Coseismic Landslide Distribution Patterns on Fault
   Movement
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; fault type; large earthquakes; ground motion;
   distribution pattern; frequency-area distribution
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE PROCESS; STRONG-MOTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   COMPLEX RUPTURE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; SLIP HISTORY; HANGING WALL
AB Faults are the primary drivers of earthquakes and exert a strong control on rupture mechanisms, earthquake magnitude, and the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides (CLs). However, how CL spatial distribution patterns vary with faulting style remains poorly constrained. Here, we compiled a catalog of CLs associated with 18 global major earthquakes (M-W > 6.0) within continental regions since 1900 and explored the distribution patterns of CLs associated with the three major earthquake types: oblique-slip, dip-slip, and strike-slip. Our results reveal two distinct spatial distribution patterns of CLs: a hanging-wall distribution for oblique-slip and dip-slip earthquakes and a bell-shaped distribution for strike-slip earthquakes. The orientation of CLs is closely related to fault geometry and slip type. Specifically, in oblique-slip, strike-slip, and dip-slip earthquakes, CLs predominantly develop parallel, perpendicular, or perpendicular to the fault strike, respectively. In terms of slip rake, CLs are mainly aligned perpendicular, parallel, and parallel to the fault slip direction for oblique-slip, strike-slip, and dip-slip events, respectively. Importantly, the distribution patterns of CLs encode information about ground movement during an earthquake. While Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) serves as an indicator of ground motion intensity, a comprehensive characterization of CLs-including their size and predominant movement direction-requires consideration of both the earthquake type and the local slope conditions.
C1 [Li, Wenping] Shanghai Inst Tourism, Digital Technol & Innovat Res Ctr Culture & Touris, Shanghai 201418, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wenping; Wu, Yuming; Gao, Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wenping] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Weimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS
RP Wu, YM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM liwp.19s@igsnrr.ac.cn; wuym@lreis.ac.cn; gxing@igsnrr.ac.cn;
   wangwm@itpcas.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD SEP 23
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 19
AR 10305
DI 10.3390/app151910305
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:001594588000001
ER

PT J
AU Song, J
   Zhang, S
   Wu, YX
   Ji, J
   Yu, DG
   Luo, HD
   Ye, M
   Gao, YF
AF Song, Jian
   Zhang, Sheng
   Wu, Yongxin
   Ji, Jian
   Yu, Daiguang
   Luo, Haidong
   Ye, Mao
   Gao, Yufeng
TI Probabilistic assessment of seismic-induced slope displacements in the
   near-source region associated with dip-slip fault rupture: a case study
   of Maidan fault in Xinjiang, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Seismic-induced slope displacements; Probabilistic analysis; Near-source
   region; Dip-slip fault rupture
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTIONS;
   SLIDING DISPLACEMENT; REGRESSION-MODELS; NEWMARK MODEL; HAZARD;
   DIRECTIVITY; CALIFORNIA; DEFORMATION
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are most prone to occurring in the near-fault regions. Characteristics and spatial distributions of ground motions in these regions are strongly influenced by the source rupture mechanism and size. This paper presents a probabilistic assessment framework for seismic slope displacements in the near-source region associated with dip-slip fault rupture. A three-dimensional fault source model is incorporated to explicitly account for the location and geometry of rupture. The aleatory variabilities of ground motions and prediction of seismic slope displacements are rigorously included. Particularly, different types (i.e., the near-fault pulse, near-fault non-pulse and far-field) of ground motion and the orientation-related range of slope displacements resulting from ground motion directionality are considered. The procedure is implemented in a case study of the Maidan fault in Xinjiang, China on a regional scale. The seismic slope displacement hazard maps are produced for 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, respectively. The importance of incorporating near-source pulse and directionality effects in seismic landslide hazard assessments is highlighted. In addition, disaggregation analysis is employed to further provide displacement-based and hazard-consistent design magnitude and distance for various seismic scenarios, which is required for use in the detailed, site-specific analysis of seismic slope stability.
C1 [Song, Jian; Zhang, Sheng; Wu, Yongxin; Ji, Jian; Ye, Mao; Gao, Yufeng] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Daiguang; Luo, Haidong] Nanjing Water Planning & Designing Inst Corp Ltd, Nanjing 210022, Peoples R China.
   [Ye, Mao] Hailiang Anhui Copper Corp Ltd, Tongling 244100, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University
RP Gao, YF (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
EM yfgao66@163.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT 31
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 11
AR 564
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04562-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001605295700001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, FR
   Fan, XM
   Yunus, AP
   Subramanian, SS
   Alonso-Rodriguez, A
   Dai, LX
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Wang, Fengrui
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva
   Alonso-Rodriguez, Andres
   Dai, Lanxin
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan
   (Mw 6.6), earthquake: spatial distribution, controlling
   factors, and possible failure mechanism
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Hokkaido earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Pulselike ground motion;
   Landslide susceptibility; Failure mechanism
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; DEBRIS FLOWS; SIZE;
   LIQUEFACTION; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; DATABASE; RUPTURE; TERRAIN
AB The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi M-w 6.6 earthquake occurred on September 6, 2018. It triggered a large amount of slope failures near the towns of Atsuma, Mukawa, and Abira, which caused more than 80% of the casualties. This study presents an inventory of 7837 coseismic landslides based on the interpretation of the PlanetScope images, covering about 24 km(2) of the disrupted area. The local and global area-volume relationships have shown that the landslides mobilized about 23-38 million m(3) of deposits. Most of landslides are shallow soil slides with an average size smaller than what is commonly observed for other earthquakes. Their spatial distribution shows that the mostly affected terrain has an elevation range 100-200 m.a.s.l., with slope gradients of 25-30 degrees. The observed density of the landslides is jointly controlled by the ground motion, slope gradient, topographic wetness index, and, to a lesser degree, tectonic features, e.g., anticlines and faults. The rainfall and the influence of Typhoon Jebi were found to be of secondary importance. The slope failures are also the results of the pulse-like ground motion traits that shook the loose and crushable pumice materials that had been deposited during the eruptions of mounts Tarumae and Eniwa, and the Shikotsu caldera volcanoes, which are prone to flow-like slope failures.
C1 [Wang, Fengrui] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Mech, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Fengrui; Fan, Xuanmei; Yunus, Ali P.; Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva; Alonso-Rodriguez, Andres; Dai, Lanxin; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 101
Z9 120
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 8
BP 1551
EP 1566
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01187-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000489239900011
ER

PT J
AU Huang, YD
   Yao, LK
AF Huang, Yidan
   Yao, Lingkan
TI Size distribution law of earthquake-triggered landslides in different
   seismic intensity zones
SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS
DT Article
AB The M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and M-s 7.0 Lushan earthquake in 2013 produced thousands of landslides in the southern region of the Longmen Mountains in China. We conducted field investigations and analyzed remote sensing data to determine the distribution law of earthquake-triggered landslides. The results show a strong negative power law relationship between the size and frequency of landslides in VII, VIII, and IX seismic intensity zones, a weak power law in the X seismic intensity zone, and a lognormal distribution in the XI seismic intensity zone. Landslide density increases with increasing seismic intensity. A sandpile cellular automata model was built under the conceptual framework of self-organized criticality theory to simulate earthquake-induced landslides. Data from the simulations demonstrate that, with increasing disturbance intensity, the dynamical mechanism of the sandpile model changes from a strong power law to a weak power law and then to a lognormal distribution. Results from shaking table experiments of a one-sided slope sandpile show that, for peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0.075-0.125 g, the relation between the amount and frequency of sand follows a negative power law. For PGA between 0.15 and 0.25 g, the relation obeys a lognormal distribution. This verifies that the abovementioned distribution of earthquake-induced landslides should be a universal law from a physical viewpoint and may apply to other areas. This new perspective may be used to guide the development of an inventory of earthquake-triggered landslides and provide a scientific basis for their prediction.
C1 [Huang, Yidan; Yao, Lingkan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yidan; Yao, Lingkan] MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yidan; Yao, Lingkan] Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yao, LK (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yaolk@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1023-5809
EI 1607-7946
PD APR 16
PY 2021
VL 28
IS 1
BP 167
EP 179
DI 10.5194/npg-28-167-2021
SC Geology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics
UT WOS:000641181000001
ER

PT J
AU Li, HH
   Lin, CH
   Zu, W
   Chen, CC
   Weng, MC
AF Li, Hung-Hui
   Lin, Cheng-Han
   Zu, Wei
   Chen, Chi-Chieh
   Weng, Meng-Chia
TI Dynamic response of a dip slope with multi-slip planes revealed by
   shaking table tests
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Critical acceleration; Dip slope; Newmark's sliding block method;
   Shaking table test
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE HAZARD; SEISMIC RESPONSE; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; INCLINED PLANE; MODEL TESTS; DISPLACEMENTS; DEFORMATION;
   TAIWAN; STABILITY
AB This study investigated the effect of internal discontinuity on the dynamic response of a dip slope and evaluated the performance of Newmark's theory on the sliding of a dip slope with multi-slip planes. A series of shaking table tests were performed under various geometric conditions to explore the dynamic behavior of a dip slope under different external excitations. The test results, including for deformation processes and critical accelerations, under various slope angles, slope sizes, and seismic intensities were examined and further compared with Newmark's theory. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) two types of slope sliding (differential and complete) were determined. (2) Increasing the slope angle and the height of sliding mass tended to shorten the duration of slope deformation. (3) Critical acceleration of the slope increased gradually with increasing peak ground accelerations of input excitations; when the slope height and dip angle increased, the critical acceleration decreased. (4) The triggering time became earlier as the frequency of input excitation increased; the magnitude of sliding mass greatly depended on the amplitude of the input excitation. (5) By comparing critical acceleration between the experimental and theoretical results, Newmark's theory was determined to overestimate critical acceleration during seismic-induced dip slope failure. This may cause unsafe evaluations, and sliding along existing discontinuities develops more easily in reality.
C1 [Li, Hung-Hui; Zu, Wei; Chen, Chi-Chieh] Natl Def Univ, Chung Cheng Inst Technol, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
   [Lin, Cheng-Han; Weng, Meng-Chia] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1001 Univ Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
C3 National Defense University - Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
   University
RP Weng, MC (corresponding author), Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1001 Univ Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
EM mcweng@nctu.edu.tw
TC 28
Z9 31
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 9
BP 1731
EP 1743
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0992-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000443566700003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional
   rainfall-induced shallow slope failures
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Slope stability; Reliability analysis; Earthquake; Rainfall
   infiltration; Risk assessment
ID COUPLED WATER INFILTRATION; SHEAR-STRENGTH; LANDSLIDES; STABILITY;
   SOILS; SCALE; FLOW; DEFORMATION; INSTABILITY; MECHANISMS
AB Rainfall-induced slope failures are one of the most frequent hazards on hilly terrains. This paper proposes a physically-based distributed cell model to predict regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures in two-layer soils under realistic rainfall conditions. The model consists of four components; namely, a digital terrain model, a spatial rainfall distribution model, an infiltration analysis model, and a slope stability and reliability evaluation model. The digital terrain is discretized into a grid of numerous cells first, with the properties of the soils in each cell assigned. Universal kriging is then adopted to interpolate the spatial rainfall distribution. Afterwards, the infiltration analysis model is used to analyze the infiltration process in two-layer soils under realistic rainfall conditions. The slope stability and reliability evaluation model is finally adopted to assess the regional slope stability and reliability. The distributed cell model is applied to evaluate the spatial and temporal response of a 164.5 km(2) area to rainfall near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone. Comparison between the predicted and observed slope failures triggered by the 13 August 2010 storm shows that this model is capable of predicting the locations of rainfall-induced slope failures reasonably well. The model is intended for use as a module in a real-time warning system for rainfall-induced slope failures. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chenhx@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 82
Z9 93
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 24
PY 2014
VL 176
BP 79
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.011
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000337872400007
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, EL
   Hales, TC
   Hobley, DEJ
   Liu, J
   Fan, XM
AF Harvey, Erin L.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Hobley, Daniel E. J.
   Liu, Jie
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI Measuring the grain-size distributions of mass movement deposits
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE debris flows; grain size; grain-size distributions; mass movements;
   rockslides
ID DEBRIS-FLOW DEPOSITS; OWENS-VALLEY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ALLUVIAL FANS;
   BRAIDED RIVER; DEATH-VALLEY; SEDIMENT; LANDSLIDES; HILLSLOPE; SHALLOW
AB Mass movement deposit grain-size distributions (GSDs) record initiation, transport and deposition mechanisms, and contribute to the rate at which sediment is exported from hillslopes to channels. Defining the GSD of a mass movement deposit is a significant challenge because they are often difficult to access, are heterogeneous in planform and with depth, contain grain sizes from clay (<63 mu m) to boulders (>1 m), and require considerable time to calculate accurately. There are numerous methods used to measure mass movement GSDs, but no single method alone can measure the entire range of grain sizes. This paper compares five common methods for determining mass movement deposit GSDs to assess how their accuracy may affect their applicability to different research areas. We applied an automated wavelet analysis (pyDGS), Wolman pebble counts, survey tape counts, manual photo counts and sieving to three different mass movement deposits (two debris flows, one rockslide) in Tredegar, Wales and the Longmen Shan, China. We found that pyDGS and survey tape counts produced comparable GSDs to sieving over a single order of magnitude. PyDGS required calibration to achieve accurate results, limiting its use for many applications. In Tredegar, Wolman pebble counts over-estimated grain sizes in the lower 80% of the distribution relative to the other four methods used. We demonstrate that method choice can introduce significant uncertainties, particularly at the edges of the distributions, such that D-16 values differ by up to a factor of five. These methodological uncertainties limit GSD comparisons across studies, particularly where these are used to infer processes within deposits. To minimize these challenges, the methods chosen should be both carefully reported and consistent with the research question.
C1 [Harvey, Erin L.; Hales, Tristram C.; Hobley, Daniel E. J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
   [Hobley, Daniel E. J.] RSK ADAS Ltd, Helsby, Cheshire, England.
   [Liu, Jie; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Cardiff University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
EM harveyel1@cardiff.ac.uk
TC 14
Z9 14
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 47
IS 6
BP 1599
EP 1614
DI 10.1002/esp.5337
EA FEB 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000761095700001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, B
   Luo, Y
   Jeng, DS
   Feng, J
AF Yang, Bing
   Luo, Yang
   Jeng, Dongsheng
   Feng, Jun
TI Effects of Moisture Content on the Dynamic Response and Failure Mode of
   Unsaturated Soil Slope Subjected to Seismic Load
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
DT Article
ID STABILITY CHARTS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE HAZARD; WATER-CONTENT;
   ROCK SLOPE; SUCTION; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR
AB Understanding the relationship between the moisture content of unsaturated soil and the instability and dynamic response of slope under the action of seismic load can bring convenience to the field of slope safety assessment. The effect of moisture content of the unsaturated soil on the failure mode and dynamic response of slope under seismic loading was investigated using shaking table tests. In this regard, three different moisture contents of 5%, 8.1%, and 12.5% were considered. The experimental results show that the amplification factor of acceleration (AFA) on the slope surface increases with the increase in both relative elevation and excitation amplitude of acceleration (EAA). As the moisture content of unsaturated soil increases, AFA tends to decrease. An empirical correlation describing the relationship among AFA, relative elevation, dimensionless EAA, and moisture content of unsaturated soil was proposed. The excitation frequency of acceleration (EFA) has a significant impact on the AFA at the middle and upper parts of the slope. The deformation of slope surface is able to reflect the failure mode of slope, which can be used in slope monitoring work. The slope with different moisture contents of unsaturated soil has different instability modes. With the increase in soil moisture content, the slope needs more energy to reach the unstable state under seismic loading. There are three typical regions of principal stress field in the slope exposed to seismic loading, which control the evolution of initial slip plane inside the slope.
C1 [Jeng, Dongsheng] Griffith Univ, Sch Engn & Built Environm, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
   [Yang, Bing; Luo, Yang; Jeng, Dongsheng; Feng, Jun] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 111 First Sect,North Second Ring Rd, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Griffith University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yang, B (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 111 First Sect,North Second Ring Rd, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yangb@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 17
Z9 19
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
PD APR
PY 2019
VL 109
IS 2
BP 489
EP 504
DI 10.1785/0120180222
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000462138500001
ER

PT J
AU Guo, YT
   Liu, YN
   Zheng, JY
   She, JX
   Xie, AP
   Wang, JY
   Shi, CH
   Li, J
   Lin, YM
AF Guo, Yiting
   Liu, Yinan
   Zheng, Junyuan
   She, Jiangxia
   Xie, Aopeng
   Wang, Jiaying
   Shi, Chenghua
   Li, Jian
   Lin, Yongming
TI Limited effects of control measures on soil recovery eight years after
   landslides in Northwestern China
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Tianshui landslides; Different forest types; Treatments; Soil
   properties; Soil quality assessment
ID VEGETATION RESTORATION TYPES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT RETENTION;
   QUALITY ASSESSMENT; WATER-QUALITY; SUCCESSION; IMPACTS; EROSION;
   REFORESTATION; INDICATORS
AB On July 25, 2013, landslides in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, caused significant property damage. To assess the effects of control measures and forest types on soil properties, we conducted an observational study and analyzed 20 soil physical and chemical properties with four treatments ('undisturbed', 'disturbed', 'plantation', and 'natural recovery'), two forest types (broadleaf forest and conifer forest) in 2021. Results showed that 'plantation' and 'natural recovery' sites in both forest types did not significantly improve soil properties compared to 'disturbed' sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three components explained 72.16 % of the variation, representing soil recovering phase, soil geochemical background, and organic matter dynamics and physical microstructure. A minimum data set (MDS) including Available potassium (AK), Ferrum (Fe), and Aluminum (Al) was used to calculate the soil quality index (SQI). The SQI value of broadleaf forest was significantly lower than in conifer forest. Contrary to expectation, after eight years of recovery, control measures did not restore soil quality in 'disturbed' sites, and soil quality remained lower, only reaching 40.3 %-68.7 % of 'undisturbed' sites. Our work deeply analyzed soil loss induced by landslides, evaluated soil recovery rates under different control measures and forest types, and proposed some strategies to accelerate the recovery of soil quality. The study offers a theoretical and practical basis for control measures, the reconstruction of plant communities, and vegetation allocation in landslide-affected area.
C1 [Guo, Yiting; Liu, Yinan; Zheng, Junyuan; She, Jiangxia; Xie, Aopeng; Shi, Chenghua; Lin, Yongming] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll JunCao Sci & Ecol, Coll Carbon Neutral, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Yiting; Liu, Yinan; She, Jiangxia; Xie, Aopeng; Shi, Chenghua; Li, Jian; Lin, Yongming] Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian Pr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jiaying; Li, Jian] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Forestry Coll, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry
   University
RP Lin, YM (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll JunCao Sci & Ecol, Coll Carbon Neutral, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM monkey1422@163.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
EI 1872-6992
PD DEC
PY 2025
VL 221
AR 107755
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107755
EA AUG 2025
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
UT WOS:001582006900001
ER

PT J
AU He, JX
   Qi, SW
   Wang, YS
   Saroglou, C
AF He, Jianxian
   Qi, Shengwen
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Saroglou, Charalampos
TI Seismic response of the Lengzhuguan slope caused by topographic and
   geological effects
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Topography effects; Geology effects; Seismic response amplification;
   Field observation; Numerical simulation
ID SITE-CLASSIFICATION METHOD; STRONG-MOTION STATIONS; GROUND-MOTION;
   AMBIENT NOISE; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; DYNAMIC-RESPONSES; SPECTRAL RATIO;
   EARTHQUAKE; AMPLIFICATION; WAVES
AB Earthquake-induced slope failure often results in a large loss of life and property, and thus, understanding how a slope responds to seismic shaking can reveal the mechanism and movement of this kind of phenomenon. After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a dense array of strong earthquake seismographs were deployed along the Lengzhuguan slope, Luding County, Sichuan Province, Southwest China, to study the seismic response of the slope. Three main shocks were recorded in 2014 and 2015, with epicenter distances between 34 km and 70 km. Observation data show that the ground motion was polarized in the direction perpendicular to the elongation direction of the ridge (near 50 azimuth from North), with an amplification coefficient > 10 and a ground motion amplification frequency band between 1.5 and 2.5 Hz. The results of a series of numerical simulation experiments conducted using the finite difference method indicate that the observed seismic response characteristics of the Lengzhuguan slope can be reproduced only by a heterogeneous model containing a loose deposit layer with a thickness of 30 m. It was found that geological and topographic conditions resulted in complex slope seismic response characteristics that were coupled in both time and frequency, and the geological conditions dominated the seismic response of the slope. In terms of co-seismic landslide hazard, more attention should be given to subsurface lithology and rock mass structure.
C1 [He, Jianxian; Qi, Shengwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, 19 Beitucheng Western Rd, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [He, Jianxian; Qi, Shengwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Earth Sci, 19 Beitucheng Western Rd, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [He, Jianxian; Qi, Shengwen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yunsheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Saroglou, Charalampos] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Athens, Greece.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology;
   National Technical University of Athens
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, 19 Beitucheng Western Rd, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 71
Z9 76
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 265
AR 105431
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105431
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000517660100038
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, H
   Liu, SG
   Wang, W
   Zheng, L
   Zhang, YB
   Wu, YQ
   Han, Z
   Li, YG
   Chen, GQ
AF Zhang, Hong
   Liu, Shu-guang
   Wang, Wei
   Zheng, Lu
   Zhang, Ying-bin
   Wu, Yan-qiang
   Han, Zheng
   Li, Yan-ge
   Chen, Guang-qi
TI A new DDA model for kinematic analyses of rockslides on complex 3-D
   terrain
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rockslide; Kinematic analysis; 3-D terrain; DDA; Triangulated regular
   network; Contact treatment
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY;
   TO-FACE CONTACT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; POLYHEDRAL
   BLOCKS; ELEMENT MODEL; SPH METHOD; LANDSLIDE; ALGORITHM
AB Landslides are common phenomena in mountainous regions worldwide. Over the past two decades, catastrophic rockslides in mountainous regions have caused serious damage and fatalities. To develop effective preventive countermeasures, it is important to estimate the kinematic behavior of displaced masses after slope failures, such as the velocity, run-out distance, and extent. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is an appropriate tool to analyze the dynamics, kinematics, and deformability of a block assembly. Many studies have reported applications of DDA to kinematic analyses of rockslides on two-dimensional (2-D) terrain. However, because of the restrictions of numerical techniques, few kinematic analyses of rockslides on three-dimensional (3-D) terrain have been performed using DDA. This study developed a new DDA model for the analysis of rockslides on 3-D terrain. First, contact treatment techniques for the 3-D model were developed to create an accurate and efficient computational scheme. The new model was then verified by the benchmark tests on the four basic types of block motion on 3-D terrain. Finally, the new model was applied to a designed rockslide with complex terrain to demonstrate its practical applicability. The results indicate that the new 3-D DDA model is an effective tool to analyze 3-D rockslides and could potentially be used to optimize protection designs for rockslides.
C1 [Zhang, Hong; Liu, Shu-guang] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Yangtze River Water Environm, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Hong; Liu, Shu-guang] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Wei] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Lu] Sichuan Univ, Sichuan Univ Hong Kong Polytech Univ Inst Disaste, Chengdu 610207, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Ying-bin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Ying-bin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Yan-qiang] CEA, Crust Deformat Monitoring & Applicat Ctr 1, Tianjin 300180, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Zheng; Li, Yan-ge] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Wei; Chen, Guang-qi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Wuhan University of Technology;
   Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Sichuan University; Southwest Jiaotong
   University; Southwest Jiaotong University; China Earthquake
   Administration; Central South University; Kyushu University
RP Wang, W (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.; Wang, W (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM panda.wang.1989@gmail.com
TC 26
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 2
BP 555
EP 571
DI 10.1007/s10064-016-0971-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000431300600007
ER

PT J
AU Liang, YM
   Chen, YR
   Huang, Q
   Zhou, YY
   Liu, ZK
AF Liang, Yiming
   Chen, Yaru
   Huang, Qi
   Zhou, Yueyue
   Liu, Zhengkui
TI Network structure and temporal stability of depressive symptoms after a
   natural disaster among children and adolescents
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
DT Article
DE Depression; children and adolescents; network analysis; temporal
   stability
ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ANXIETY; MODEL;
   TRAJECTORIES; PREVENTION; CENTRALITY; INVENTORY; SURVIVORS; PERIOD
AB Background: Previous studies have found that the postdisaster developmental course of depression is more stable than that of other mental disorders among children and adolescents. However, the network structure and temporal stability of depressive symptoms after natural disasters among children and adolescents remain unknown. Objective: This study aims to understand the depressive symptom network and evaluate its temporal stability among children and adolescents after natural disasters. Methods: Three-wave measurements were conducted among 1,466 children and adolescents at 3, 15, and 27 months following the Zhouqu debris flow. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), which was dichotomised to signify the presence or absence of depressive symptoms. Depression networks were estimated with the Ising model, and expected influence was used to assess node centrality. A network comparison test was used to test the differences in the depression networks among the three temporal points. Results: Overall, the depressive symptom network was temporally stable regarding symptom centrality and global connectivity over the two-year study period. Self-hate, loneliness, and sleep disturbance were central symptoms and had low variability in the depressive networks at the three temporal points. Crying and self-deprecation had large temporal variability in centrality. Conclusion: The present study provides the first evidence for the temporal stability of the youth depressive symptom network postdisaster. The similar central symptoms and connectivity of depression symptoms at different temporal points after natural disasters may partially explain the stable prevalence and developmental trajectory of depression. Self-hate, loneliness, and sleep disturbance could be central characteristics, and sleep disturbance and reduced appetite, sadness and crying, and misbehaviour and disobedience could be key associations in the endurance of depression among children and adolescents after experiencing a natural disaster.
C1 [Liang, Yiming; Huang, Qi] East China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol & Cognit Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Mental Hlth & Psychol Crisis Inte, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yaru; Liu, Zhengkui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, CAS Key Lab Mental Hlth, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yaru; Liu, Zhengkui] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Yueyue] Henan Univ, Dept Psychol, Kaifeng, Peoples R China.
C3 East China Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Psychology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Henan University
RP Liu, ZK (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, CAS Key Lab Mental Hlth, 16 Lincui Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM liuzk@psych.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 2000-8198
EI 2000-8066
PD DEC 31
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 1
AR 2179799
DI 10.1080/20008066.2023.2179799
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
UT WOS:000938516100001
ER

PT J
AU Wen, HJ
   Xie, P
   Xiao, P
   Hu, DP
AF Wen, Haijia
   Xie, Peng
   Xiao, Peng
   Hu, Dongping
TI Rapid susceptibility mapping of earthquake-triggered slope geohazards in
   Lushan County by combining remote sensing with the AHP model developed
   for the Wenchuan earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Susceptibility mapping; Slope geohazards; Remote sensing; Geospatial
   data; AHP model
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD;
   VULNERABILITY; PREDICTION; INVENTORY
AB A rapid-response mapping model can be used to study the susceptibility of areas of interest to geohazards (which are commonly regarded as among the most damaging natural hazards), assuming that the model is stable (i.e., that it is generally applicable to any such area). Applying a predefined predictive geohazard-susceptibility model to an area with geoenvironmental conditions similar to those of the area for which it was originally formulated is an effective method of testing the stability of the model. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based model developed for the Wenchuan earthquake was used to study susceptibility to earthquake-triggered slope geohazards in Lushan County. Upon integrating the results of a literature review, site investigation, and remote sensing interpretation, seven main factors that influence earthquake-triggered slope geohazards were identified, including peak ground acceleration, distance from a stream, distance from a highway, slope gradient, slope position, normalized difference vegetation index, and micro-landform. In order to reduce the subjectivity of the expert evaluation method usually applied in the AHP, these factors were ranked by relative importance using regression analysis. The weight of each factor was then calculated by the AHP. The susceptibility mapping model was obtained on the ArcGIS platform, utilizing map overlaying. Finally, the results were re-classified to obtain a map of slope geohazard susceptibility. The accuracy of the AHP model was evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative method, the modeled distribution of susceptibility was compared with the actually distribution of geohazards in the study area (identified through remote sensing interpretation), and the areas with high and very high geohazard susceptibilities in the model were found to match well with the actual locations of slope geohazards. In the quantitative method, statistical data showed that over 66% of the geohazards were located in areas of high or very high susceptibility according to the model, while only about 16% were located in areas of very low or low susceptibility, and the density of slope geohazards was about 125 times greater in the areas with very high susceptibility than in the areas with very low susceptibility. Also, the AUC value of the ROC curve for the model suggested that it has high predictive power (a predictive accuracy of 84.8%). In conclusion, it was possible to make accurate predictions about the slope geohazards in earthquake-prone areas located in mountainous regions based on geospatial data, and a high correlation between the susceptibility map generated by the AHP-based model and the true distribution of slope geohazards was observed. Therefore, the AHP-based model used here could be applied to map the slope geohazard susceptibility in other mountainous regions which may be prone to slope geohazards during earthquakes.
C1 [Wen, Haijia; Xie, Peng; Xiao, Peng; Hu, Dongping] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Haijia; Xie, Peng; Xiao, Peng; Hu, Dongping] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM 32943982@qq.com
TC 16
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD AUG
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 3
BP 909
EP 921
DI 10.1007/s10064-016-0957-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000407347000007
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, HX
   Che, AL
   Zhu, RJ
AF Zhou, Hanxu
   Che, Ailan
   Zhu, Renjie
TI Dynamic evolution mechanism of a rock slope with discontinuities under
   earthquake motions using shaking table tests
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock slope; Shaking table; Discontinuous joints; Wave field propagation
   characteristics; Dynamic evolution; Safety factor
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE MODE; STABILITY; LANDSLIDE; BEHAVIOR
AB Under the impact of earthquake, even if the slopes do not fail, the integrity of rock slope structure would be damaged subjected to the seismic motion. The process of damage, destruction and failure for slopes is characterized by the dynamic evolution of stability. In the areas with active tectonic activities, frequent earthquakes have a significant effect on the attenuation of slope stability. To investigate the dynamic evolution of a rock slope under earthquake motions, a series of shaking table tests were performed. An artificial synthetic earthquake seismic wave was adopted to investigate the horizontal acceleration response. The results show that the wave field propagation results in acceleration amplification for the slope body above the tuff structural surface are larger than those inside the slope, and a maximum value of 3.7 is observed at slope crest. The structural surface results in a mutation of the acceleration response, which is not conducive to the slope stability. The modeled slope entered the plastic stage (input motion of 2.97 m/s(2)) earlier than landslides occurred (input motion of 4.46 m/s(2)). In addition, the safety factor of the sliding blocks was calculated based on pseudo static analysis. A good correspondence was found between the safety factors and the failure mode of the slope. The damage evolution process for the rock slope can be divided into three stages: an elastic stage (1.6 < safety factor <= 4.7), a plastic stage (0.8 < safety factor <= 1.6), and a damage stage (safety factor <= 0.8).
C1 [Zhou, Hanxu; Che, Ailan; Zhu, Renjie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Che, AL (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM alche@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 24
AR 797
DI 10.1007/s12665-021-10102-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000721884100002
ER

PT J
AU Song, DQ
   Chen, Z
   Ke, YT
   Nie, W
AF Song, Danqing
   Chen, Zhuo
   Ke, Yutian
   Nie, Wen
TI Seismic response analysis of a bedding rock slope based on the
   time-frequency joint analysis method: a case study from the middle reach
   of the Jinsha River, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Dynamic response; Time-frequency joint analysis method; Bedding rock
   slope; FEM; Earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM; RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS;
   LANDSLIDES; WAVES; STABILITY; SICHUAN; MODEL
AB To investigate the seismic response of a bedding rock slope, a time-frequency joint analysis method was proposed using the finite element method (FEM) based on the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. According to the time-frequency joint analysis, the results show that the topographic and geological conditions have great impacts on the dynamic response characteristics of the slope. An obvious slope surface and elevation amplification effect can be observed during earthquake excitation. The bedding structural plane has a great influence on the characteristics of wave propagation through the slope. The impacts of the structural plane and wave propagation directions on the seismic response of the slope are discussed. In addition, dynamic deformation characteristics and the natural frequency of the slope are clarified according to the Fourier spectrum and modal analysis. Low-order and high-order natural frequencies mainly cause the overall and local dynamic deformation of the surface slope, respectively. Moreover, the seismic energy of the Hilbert energy spectrum and marginal spectrum is mainly concentrated in the low-order and high-order natural frequency components, respectively. The difference in the seismic response between the slip mass and slip bed is the main triggering factor of a landslide based on the time-frequency joint analysis. The dynamic failure mechanism of the slope is identified: cracks first occur in the structural planes; then, with the earthquake excitation continuing, cracks further expand, deepen and penetrate, thus gradually forming the slip plane; finally, the overall shear failure of the surface slope appears.
C1 [Song, Danqing] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Danqing] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zhuo] Sichuan Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Ke, Yutian] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, GEOPS, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   [Nie, Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Quanzhou Inst Equipment Mfg, Haixi Inst, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Sichuan University;
   Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM chenzhuo2@stu.scu.edu.cn
TC 71
Z9 83
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 5
PY 2020
VL 274
AR 105731
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105731
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000558028500004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, YR
   Liu-Zeng, J
   Allen, MB
   Zhang, WH
   Du, P
AF Xu, Yueren
   Liu-Zeng, Jing
   Allen, Mark B.
   Zhang, Weiheng
   Du, Peng
TI Landslides of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, northern China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake; Landslide; Historical damage report; Loess
   Plateau
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MAGNITUDE; FAULT
AB The great M similar to 8 1920 Haiyuan earthquake (HYEQ) was one of the largest and most deadly earthquakes in China in the last century, with similar to 234,000 deaths. The earthquake occurred within the Loess Plateau of northern China, where Quaternary loess deposits form a distinctive blanket across the landscape. Large regions of this loess cover experienced co-seismic landslides. Based on an analysis of the original disaster reports, field surveys, and satellite image interpretation, we have compiled the shaking effects of the earthquake, including the distribution of landslides, fatalities, and structural damage. Landslides triggered by the HYEQ (n>7,000) are concentrated south of the Haiyuan fault, in a region that has both thick loess cover and long-term relief generated by the drainage network. This distribution is spatially separated from landslides triggered by other earthquakes. We find that in contrast to previous studies, the most important factor in the severe death toll of the HYEQ was the collapse of housing by ground shaking, including collapse of loess house-caves. Landslides were a secondary factor; although up to 32,000 deaths occurred in areas with intense landsliding. Based on the revised distribution pattern of landslides and damage (e.g., house collapses), we suggest that the isoseismal intensity IX line extends south of previous locations. We have also identified 126 dammed lakes created by co-seismic landslides, which form major modifications of this semi-arid landscape. The research methods in this paper, combining historical review, satellite image interpretation, and field validation of landslides, can be used as a reference for studies of other areas affected by historical earthquakes and co-seismic landslides, elsewhere in the Loess Plateau and beyond.
C1 [Xu, Yueren; Zhang, Weiheng; Du, Peng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Beijing 00036, Peoples R China.
   [Liu-Zeng, Jing] Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Yueren; Allen, Mark B.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,
   CEA; Tianjin University; Durham University
RP Xu, YR (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Beijing 00036, Peoples R China.
EM xuyr@ief.ac.cn
TC 33
Z9 37
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 3
BP 935
EP 953
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01512-5
EA SEP 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000568005900001
ER

PT J
AU Miao, HB
   Wang, GH
AF Miao, Haibo
   Wang, Gonghui
TI Shear rate effect on the residual strength of saturated clayey and
   granular soils under low- to high-rate continuous shearing
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Clayey soil; Granular soil; Shear rate; Residual strength; Landslide
   motion
ID 3 GORGES RESERVOIR; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS;
   13 AUGUST 2010; STEADY-STATE; LANDSLIDE; FRICTION; VELOCITY; TESTS;
   INSTABILITY
AB The residual strength of sliding basal soils plays a pivotal role not only in the movement of bedding landslides controlled by clay-rich interlayers but also in remobilized granular deposits. Many studies have focused on better understanding the residual shear behaviors of clayey and granular soils under relatively low shear rates. How-ever, the residual strength varies with various clay fractions for clayey soils and fine-size fractions for granular soils, as well as shear rates (especially in fast ranges) need further examined. In the present research, results of a low-to high-rate continuous ring shear test on a clayey soil and three granular soils at the shear rates ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mm/s were reported. The clayey soil was remolded from the shear zone soil of a bedding landslide controlled by a clay-rich interlayer with main minerals of illite-smectite, and the granular soils included two silica sands and one mixture of silica sand with fine granite residual soil particles. The results show that saturated clayey soil has an obvious positive shear rate effect on its residual strength after a certain shear rate; the mechanism is the transformation of shear mode, i.e., from sliding shearing to turbulent shearing with the increasing of shear rate. The high clay fraction may promote this transformation of shear mode. In addition, the critical shear rate of the clayey soil that has a positive shear rate dependency of the residual strength (i.e., rate -strengthening) is related to the clay fraction, i.e., a smaller critical shear rate appears in the clayey soil with higher clay fraction. The residual strength of saturated granular soils with different fine-size fractions do not show any shear rate-dependent, while the fine-size fraction affects the residual strength both in drained and undrained conditions; that is, the higher the fine-size fraction is, the lower the residual strength is. Moreover, the neutral shear rate effect of granular soils in this study may be related to the low normal stress and low shear rate range. The authors believe that, results such as those obtained in this work, may be useful for developing a more suitable constitutive model to better understand the postfailure motion (or reactivation kinematics) of bedding landslides controlled by clay-rich interlayers, as well as rock avalanche deposits remobilized by heavy rainfall.
C1 [Miao, Haibo] Anhui Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Taifeng St 168, Huainan 232001, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
C3 Anhui University of Science & Technology; Kyoto University
RP Miao, HB (corresponding author), Anhui Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Taifeng St 168, Huainan 232001, Peoples R China.
EM hbmiao@aust.edu.cn
TC 22
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 308
AR 106821
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106821
EA AUG 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000848643100002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DB
   Wang, TY
   Dong, JY
   Qi, SW
   Zhao, YW
   Jing, M
AF Wang, Dubo
   Wang, Tanyu
   Dong, Jinyu
   Qi, Shengwen
   Zhao, Yawen
   Jing, Mao
TI Shaking table model tests of the dynamic response of a homogeneous rock
   slope under strong earthquake conditions
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Homogeneous rock slope; Shaking table model test; Acceleration response
   laws; Seismic wave parameters; Slope damage; Deformation failure mode
ID STABILITY
AB The dynamic stability of slopes is a prominent problem in China. The shaking table model test of a homogeneous slope was designed based on the Shazipo granite landslide caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the acceleration amplification factor of the slope increases significantly with increasing elevation and decreasing distance from the slope surface. The acceleration amplification factor of the slope under sine wave loading is higher than that under natural seismic wave loading, and the acceleration response of the Wolong wave is stronger than that of the El-Centro wave. With increasing seismic wave amplitude and frequency, the acceleration amplification factor of the slope first increases and then decreases. Under the loading of input waves with acceleration amplitudes of 0.3-0.6 g, the slope damping ratio continuously increases and the slope damage gradually accumulates. Under input wave loading with an acceleration amplitude of 0.7 g, the slope experiences sliding failure, the natural vibration frequency of the slope decreases obviously, and the damping ratio increases significantly. The failure modes of the homogeneous slope are as follows: small cracks appear at the shoulder and foot of the slope; cracks appear in the shallow surface and continue to develop and extend; cracks occur at the shoulder and increase in the slope body; and large-scale sliding failure occurs at the top of the slope. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the dynamic protection of homogeneous rock slopes in strong earthquake areas.
C1 [Wang, Dubo; Wang, Tanyu; Dong, Jinyu; Zhao, Yawen; Jing, Mao] North China Univ Water Resources & Elect Power, Coll Geosci & Engn, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 North China University of Water Resources & Electric Power; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Dong, JY (corresponding author), North China Univ Water Resources & Elect Power, Coll Geosci & Engn, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, Peoples R China.
EM dongjinyu@ncwu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 7
AR 385
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04391-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001518929100001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, SB
   Qiao, YS
   Wu, ZH
   Zhang, XJ
   Qi, L
   He, ZX
   Liang, Y
AF Yang Shuaibin
   Qiao Yansong
   Wu Zhonghai
   Zhang Xujiao
   Qi Lin
   He Zexin
   Liang Ying
TI Paleoearthquake Investigation along the Chenghai Fault Zone since ∼500
   ka, Southeast Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE paleoearthquake; earthquake fission; dammed lake; earthquake-generated
   rock fall; Chenghai fault zone
ID ACTIVE TECTONIC SYSTEM; LANDSLIDE-DAMMED LAKE; SURFACE RUPTURE; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; KARAKORAM HIMALAYA; YUSHU EARTHQUAKE; NORTHWEST YUNNAN; ROCK
   AVALANCHES; EASTERN TIBET; YUANMOU BASIN
AB The Chenghai fault zone is located in the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus block, which is surrounded by the Honghe River, Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang, and Jinsha River fault zones. As a mid-continental active fault, it is one of the most important seismogenic fractures in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Geological seismic study is an important supplement to the historical seismic record; therefore, identification of paleoearthquake events in this region is of great significance to reveal the pattern and mechanism of earthquake development. In this study, detailed investigation has been carried out on the earthquake traces that formed in the Quaternary sediments in the Jinsha River section of the Chenghai fault zone, and samples for dating chronology testing were also collected. Many paleoearthquake traces were discovered in the field, including earthquake fissions, dammed lake sediments and landslides, earthquake-generated rock falls, seismic faults, and sand liquefaction veins. The collected samples were tested using optically stimulated luminescence, electron-spin resonance, and U-series methods. A total of 68 chronological samples were dated, combined with the results of field investigations, and 10 large paleoearthquake events were discovered in this region since 500 ka, which are at approximately 450, 400, 345, 300, 250, 190, 155, 105, 75, and 25 ka. Ten tectonic activity periods that produced multiple paleoearthquake events were identified since 500 ka. This study identifies paleoearthquake events in longer scales, larger spaces, and more extensive sediments, which provides new perspectives and new ideas for paleoearthquake research.
C1 [Yang Shuaibin; Qiao Yansong; Wu Zhonghai; Qi Lin] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Qiao Yansong; Wu Zhonghai] Key Lab Act Tecton & Crustal Stabil Assessment, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang Xujiao; Qi Lin; He Zexin; Liang Ying] China Univ Geosci, Sch Geosci & Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   University of Geosciences
RP Qiao, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Qiao, YS (corresponding author), Key Lab Act Tecton & Crustal Stabil Assessment, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yangshuaibin1992@163.com; yansongqiao66@163.com
TC 2
Z9 4
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 95
IS 4
BP 1332
EP 1345
DI 10.1111/1755-6724.14513
SC Geology
UT WOS:000690440500022
ER

PT J
AU Zang, MD
   Qi, SW
   Yu, Z
   Sheng, ZP
   Zamora, BS
AF Zang, Mingdong
   Qi, Shengwen
   Yu, Zou
   Sheng, Zhuping
   Zamora, Blanca S.
TI An improved method of Newmark analysis for mapping hazards of coseismic
   landslides
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; STRENGTH; YUNNAN
AB Coseismic landslides can destroy buildings, dislocate roads, sever pipelines, and cause heavy casualties. It is thus important but challenging to accurately map the hazards posed by coseismic landslides. Newmark's method is widely applied to assess the permanent displacement along a potential slide surface and model the coseismic response of slopes. This paper proposes an improved Newmark analysis for mapping the hazards of coseismic landslides by considering the roughness and effect of the size of the potential slide surfaces. This method is verified by data from a case study on the 2014 M-w 6.1 (the United States Geological Survey) Ludian earthquake in Yunnan Province, China. Permanent displacements due to the earthquake ranged from 0 to 122 cm. The predicted displacements were compared with a comprehensive inventory of landslides triggered by the Ludian earthquake to map the spatial variation in the hazards of coseismic landslides using the certainty factor model. The confidence levels of coseismic landslides indicated by the certainty factors ranged from -1 to 0.95. A hazard map of the coseismic landslide was generated based on the spatial distribution of values of the certainty factor. A regression curve relating the predicted displacement and the certainty factor was drawn, and can be applied to predict the hazards of coseismic landslides for any seismic scenario of interest. The area under the curve was used to compare the improved and the conventional Newmark analyses, and revealed the improved performance of the former. This mapping procedure can be used to predict the hazards posed by coseismic landslides, and provide guidelines for decisions regarding the development of infrastructure and post-earthquake reconstruction.
C1 [Zang, Mingdong; Qi, Shengwen; Yu, Zou] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zang, Mingdong; Qi, Shengwen; Yu, Zou] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zang, Mingdong; Qi, Shengwen; Yu, Zou] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Sheng, Zhuping; Zamora, Blanca S.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res Ctr El Paso, El Paso, TX 79927 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Qi, SW (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 33
Z9 34
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD MAR 4
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 3
BP 713
EP 726
DI 10.5194/nhess-20-713-2020
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000518816800001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, DK
   Song, DQ
   Wang, L
   Huang, XR
   Chen, Z
AF Xu, Dakai
   Song, Danqing
   Wang, Liang
   Huang, Xiangrui
   Chen, Zhuo
TI Numerical investigation on seismic response characteristics and
   deformation mechanism of high-steep rock slopes containing weak
   structural planes using time-frequency joint analysis
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Seismic response; Time-frequency joint analysis; High-steep rock slope;
   Weak structural plane; Failure mechanism
ID RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DINAR REGION; WAVES;
   TOPOGRAPHY; LANDSLIDES; SOUTHWEST; REFLECTION; INTERLAYER; INTERFACE
AB The time-frequency joint analysis method was used to study the seismic response characteristics of high-steep rock slopes with weak structural planes. Two models of homogeneous slopes and anti-dip slopes were established using FLAC3D. The results of the time-frequency joint analysis reveal that the topography, geological conditions and seismic wave propagation directions strongly influence the seismic response characteristics of the slopes. The high slope dynamic response of a homogeneous slope shows that the peak ground acceleration (PGA) periodically changes in a certain pattern with elevation and is obviously amplified at the slope crest. Weak structural planes cause local amplification and attenuation of seismic waves, while the two effects of horizontal seismic waves are greater than those of vertical seismic waves when passing through weak structural planes. Frequency-domain analysis reveals that the direction of seismic wave propagation notably affects the value and variation rule of the peak Fourier spectrum amplitude (PFSA), while weak structural planes strongly affect only this value. The dynamic deformation characteristics of the slopes are clarified according to Fourier spectrum analysis and modal analysis. The low-frequency components and high-frequency components mainly cause overall and local deformations, respectively, of the surface slope. In addition, the dynamic response characteristics of the slopes are further analysed based on Hilbert energy, and the applicability of the seismic Hilbert energy spectrum to reflecting the dynamic deformation characteristics of the slopes is determined. Moreover, the connection between the local deformation of the anti-dip slope and the occurrence of a landslide was discussed.
C1 [Xu, Dakai; Wang, Liang; Huang, Xiangrui; Chen, Zhuo] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Dakai; Wang, Liang; Huang, Xiangrui; Chen, Zhuo] Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Danqing] South China Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Transportat, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Danqing] South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Subtrop Bldg Sci, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan Agricultural University; Sichuan Agricultural University; South
   China University of Technology; South China University of Technology
RP Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM 13882535009@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 2
AR 98
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04143-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001410014600004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, M
   Tang, YF
   Liu, XS
   Yang, HQ
   Luo, B
AF Xu, Ming
   Tang, Yafeng
   Liu, Xianshan
   Yang, Haiqing
   Luo, Bin
TI A shaking table model test on a rock slope anchored with adaptive anchor
   cables
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Adaptive anchor cable; A shaking table model test; Rock slope; Energy
   dissipation device
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; BEHAVIOR
AB To determine the load transfer mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of an adaptive anchor cable (AAC) equipped with a mechanical energy dissipation device, a shaking table model test was conducted on rock slope test models anchored with a system consisting of several AACs that were fabricated based on a landslide mass in Xiangjiapo. During the test, the strain of the AAC structure and the dynamic response of the slope model were monitored to determine the anchoring mechanism of the AAC system and the dynamic characteristics of the AAC system-anchored slope model. The sliding-sleeve energy dissipation device of the AAC automatically adjusted its tension or deformation to allow its deformation to be consistent with that of the rock and earth mass, thereby buffering the impact at the instant of the start of seismic loading. The constant sliding resistance of the AAC determined its working conditions under a certain seismic loading condition. When the constant sliding resistance was set excessively high, the energy dissipation device was ineffective under the seismic loading. When the constant sliding resistance was set too small, the AAC slid at the instant of the start of seismic loading. However, when the constant sliding resistance and the sliding distance were set to proper values, the AAC slid gradually in a stepwise motion, and its peak strain was significantly lower. The test results can be used as a reference for designing cut slopes in regions of high seismicity and in selecting anti-seismic engineering measures for these slopes.
C1 [Xu, Ming; Liu, Xianshan; Yang, Haiqing] Chongqing Univ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Ming; Tang, Yafeng; Liu, Xianshan; Yang, Haiqing] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Bin] China Merchants Chongqing Commun Technol Res & De, Chongqing 400067, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Xu, M (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Xu, M (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM xuming@cqu.edu.cn
TC 41
Z9 50
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1365-1609
EI 1873-4545
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 112
BP 201
EP 208
DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.021
SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing
UT WOS:000452314500019
ER

PT J
AU Wu, CH
   Cui, P
   Li, YS
   Ayala, IA
   Huang, C
   Yi, SJ
AF Wu, Chun-hao
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yu-sheng
   Ayala, Irasema Alcantara
   Huang, Chao
   Yi, Shu-jian
TI Seismogenic fault and topography control on the spatial patterns of
   landslides triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Landslide; Seismogenic fault; Topography;
   Spatial pattern
ID M(S)7. 0 EARTHQUAKE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAITI
   EARTHQUAKE; ARIAS INTENSITY; COMPLEX RUPTURE; ROCK FALLS; CHINA;
   AMPLIFICATION; GREECE
AB Jiuzhaigou National Park, located in northwest plateau of Sichuan Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the most popular scenic areas in China. On August 8, 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of a major scenic area, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525, and the Park was seriously affected. The objective of this study was to explore the controls of seismogenic fault and topographic factors on the spatial patterns of these landslides. Immediately after the main shock, field survey, remote-sensing investigations, and statistical and spatial analysis were undertaken. At least 2212 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified, covering a total area of 11.8 km2. These were mainly shallow landslides and rock falls. Results demonstrated that landslides exhibited a close spatial correlation with seismogenic faults. More than 85% of the landslides occurred at 2200 to 3700 m elevations. The largest quantity of landslides was recorded in places with local topographic reliefs ranging from 200 to 500 m. Slopes in the range of similar to 20A degrees-50A degrees are the most susceptible to failure. Landslides occurred mostly on slopes facing east-northeast (ENE), east (E), east-southeast (ESE), and southeast (SE), which were nearly vertical to the orientation of the seismogenic fault slip. The back-slope direction and thin ridge amplification effects were documented. These results provide insights on the control of the spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides modified by the synergetic effect of seismogenic faults and topography.
C1 [Wu, Chun-hao; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Chun-hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yu-sheng; Huang, Chao; Yi, Shu-jian] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ayala, Irasema Alcantara] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Circuito Exterior S-N,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM 92126wch@163.com; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; liyusheng@cdut.cn;
   irasema@igg.unam.mx; huangchao10@foxmail.com; yishujian24@foxmail.com
TC 54
Z9 67
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 4
BP 793
EP 807
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4761-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000429949900010
ER

PT J
AU Huang, XM
   Xian, T
   Long, T
   He, L
   Donald, ML
   Deng, DZ
   Dong, TF
AF Huang, Xuemei
   Xian, Ting
   Long, Teng
   He, Li
   Donald, Marion L.
   Deng, Dongzhou
   Dong, Tingfa
TI Impacts of vegetation restoration strategies on soil nutrients and
   stoichiometry of the earthquake-induced landslides in Jiuzhaigou,
   eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
SO FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide restoration; karst ecosystem; restoration strategy; soil
   nutrient; Jiuzhaigou
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES; CNP STOICHIOMETRY; NITROGEN;
   CARBON; POTASSIUM; COMMUNITY; QUALITY; GROWTH; PLANT
AB Natural and artificial approaches are the mainly management strategy used in degraded lands restoration, while few studies examine the effect of the two strategies on soil nutrient properties in an earthquake-triggered degraded ecosystem. We compared soil chemical traits and major nutrient stoichiometry from areas following landslides that had undergone natural restoration (D. NR.) and artificial restoration (D. AR.), as well as neighboring undisturbed areas (Und.), following the 2017 magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou, eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), exchangeable calcium (eCa), exchangeable magnesium (eMg), C/P, C/K, N/P, N/K, P/K, cation exchange capacity, and vegetation cover in landslides of D. NR. and D. AR. were lower than those in Und. land, while their pH and total potassium (K) concentration were higher. Compared to D. NR., most of these traits were higher in D. AR., except for the C/N, which was reduced in D. AR. Soil C was positively related to AN, C/K, N/P, N/K, P/K in each land type, while in D. NR., it was not related to N, AP, AK, eCa, eMg, C/N, although it was negatively related to P and K concentration. The findings demonstrated that vegetation restoration strategies could affect not only soil nutrient content but also the macronutrient stoichiometry (N, P, K). Furthermore, artificial restoration projects can enhance soil nutrient concentration and facilitate vegetation recovery more quickly than natural restoration, which is primarily driven by soil N rather than P or K.
C1 [Huang, Xuemei; He, Li; Deng, Dongzhou] Sichuan Acad Forestry, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xuemei; Xian, Ting; Long, Teng; Dong, Tingfa] China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Conservat, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Long, Teng] Nanchong Vocat Coll Culture & Tourism, Langzhong, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Donald, Marion L.] Biocontrol & Mol Ecol, Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand.
C3 China West Normal University; Landcare Research - New Zealand
RP Deng, DZ (corresponding author), Sichuan Acad Forestry, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Dong, TF (corresponding author), China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Conservat, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM dongfar@163.com; dongzhoud@163.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-665X
PD JAN 8
PY 2024
VL 11
AR 1296187
DI 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1296187
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001147790000001
ER

PT J
AU Song, DQ
   Che, AL
   Chen, Z
   Ge, XR
AF Song, Danqing
   Che, Ailan
   Chen, Zhu
   Ge, Xiurun
TI Seismic stability of a rock slope with discontinuities under rapid water
   drawdown and earthquakes in large-scale shaking table tests
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Rock slope; Discontinuities; Dynamic stability; Rapid water drawdown;
   Earthquake; Shaking table tests
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; WAVE ABSORBER; LANDSLIDE; MODEL; CHINA;
   DEFORMATION; RESERVOIR; BEHAVIOR; PROVINCE; MOTION
AB A series of large-scale shaking table tests was performed to clarify the dynamic stability of a rock slope with discontinuous structural surfaces under rapid water drawdown. A wave absorber consisting of a porous sponge and iron gauze was used to eliminate the adverse effects of water waves in the tests. The results show that the slope surface, elevation, surface microtopography, and bedding structural surface have an impact on the amplification effect of the slope. MPGA (the acceleration amplification coefficient) has a positive correlation with the peak acceleration of the input wave. The damage evolution process of the slope during earthquakes can be identified and includes three stages: formation of tiny cracks (0.074-0.148 g), crack propagation in the surface slope (0.148-0.297 g), and sliding failure (0.297-0.446 g). According to the acceleration vectors of the blocks, the differences in the acceleration vectors between adjacent blocks were the main trigger of the slope deformation during earthquakes. P- and S-waves mainly induced the uneven settlement deformation and horizontal sliding movement of the surface slope under the horizontal and vertical seismic loads, respectively. According to the analysis of AMp GA (the increment of MPGA) after rapid drawdown occurred, rapid drawdown mainly has a considerable impact on the surface slope between the high and low water levels during earthquakes, particularly from 0.148 to 0.297 g; however, its impact began to decrease after the occurrence of failure deformation from 0.297 to 0.446 g. Moreover, the relationship between the structural surface and the dynamic failure mode was identified.
C1 [Song, Danqing; Che, Ailan; Chen, Zhu; Ge, Xiurun] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Che, AL (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
EM alche@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 70
Z9 86
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 1
PY 2018
VL 245
BP 153
EP 168
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.08.011
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000448494600014
ER

PT J
AU Sun, ZL
   Kong, LW
   Guo, AG
   Xu, GF
   Bai, W
AF Sun, Zhiliang
   Kong, Lingwei
   Guo, Aiguo
   Xu, Guofang
   Bai, Wei
TI Experimental and numerical investigations of the seismic response of a
   rock-soil mixture deposit slope
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock-soil mixture deposit; Centrifuge modelling test; Numerical
   simulation; Acceleration amplification; Failure mode
ID CENTRIFUGE MODEL; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-STRENGTH; LANDSLIDE;
   STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; DISPLACEMENT; TESTS
AB Inertial instability-induced slope failure is one of the most destructive seismic hazards encountered in China. Depositional slopes are widely distributed across the south-western part of China. To study the seismic performance of rock-soil mixture deposit (RSMD) slopes in detail, physical and mechanical tests of air-dried RSMD, and a 1:50 geometric scale, generalised RSMD slope centrifugal shaking table modelling tests were conducted. The acceleration response, slope deformation, and instability mode of the air-dried RSMD slope under the continuous action of four earthquakes with different intensities are analysed. Besides, the dynamic finite-difference numerical simulations were performed with FLAC to simulate the centrifuge model test. The numerical simulation results were compared with the test results in terms of the horizontal acceleration response, time history of crest settlements, and the slope failure characteristics. The results show that the horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplification factors of the RSMD slope reflect typical elevation, and surface, amplification effects. In addition, the spectral distribution of the seismic wave has changed significantly with propagation along the slope elevation. The energy of input seismic wave in a frequency range close to the natural frequency of an RSMD slope is significantly amplified. During the test, it was observed that the failure of an air-dried RSMD slope occurred when the PGA reached 0.216 g, and the settlement at the crest of the slope was obvious. The failure mode was dominated by shallow collapse.
C1 [Sun, Zhiliang; Kong, Lingwei; Guo, Aiguo; Xu, Guofang; Bai, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS
RP Sun, ZL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM zlsun@whrsm.ac.cn; lwkong@whrsm.ac.cn; agguo@whrsm.ac.cn;
   gfxu@whrsm.ac.cn; wbai@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 23
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 24
AR 716
DI 10.1007/s12665-019-8717-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000501211200003
ER

PT J
AU Hu, M
   Liu, MB
   Xie, MW
   Liu, GR
AF Hu, Man
   Liu, M. B.
   Xie, M. W.
   Liu, G. R.
TI Three-dimensional run-out analysis and prediction of flow-like
   landslides using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Flow-like landslides; Run-out analysis; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics;
   Hazardous area prediction; Three-dimensional simulation
ID SPH METHOD; PROPAGATION; EQUILIBRIUM; FAILURE; SLOPES; MODEL
AB Many landslides can often be characterized as a sort of landslides which move rapidly like flowing fluid and thus have a long run-out. They usually cause large damage and casualties especially when they are trigged by an earthquake or heavy rain. Numerical simulations of flow-like landslides are difficult due to the existence of free surface and large flow deformations. In this work, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied to model two- and three-dimensional flow-like landslides for the run-out analysis. This is because SPH method is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method, and is believed to be superior to conventional numerical methods in treating free surfaces, moving interfaces, and large deformations; hence, it is ideal in describing the complex fluidization characteristics in flow-like landslides. In this paper, a Bingham flow model and Navier-Stokes equations are incorporated into the SPH frame work, in which fluids are discretized by flow particles, and 3D terrain topography from GIS is represented by surface (or solid wall) particles. An improved SPH method is first applied to simulate the whole run-out processes of three flow-like landslides, which were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in China in 2008. The effectiveness of the improved SPH method in modeling flow-like landslides is demonstrated by the good agreement of the 3D profile simulation results obtained from the present SPH simulation with field observation and results from other open sources. The SPH method is then used to predict the run-out area of Jinpingzi landslide.
C1 [Hu, Man; Xie, M. W.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Man; Liu, G. R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
   [Liu, M. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, LHO, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; University System of Ohio;
   University of Cincinnati; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mechanics, CAS
RP Hu, M (corresponding author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
EM humanyyyes@gmail.com
TC 39
Z9 48
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 73
IS 4
BP 1629
EP 1640
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3513-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000348439000019
ER

PT J
AU Quesada-Román, A
   Fallas-López, B
   Hernandez-Espinoza, K
   Stoffel, M
   Ballesteros-Cánovas, JA
AF Quesada-Roman, Adolfo
   Fallas-Lopez, Bemy
   Hernandez-Espinoza, Karina
   Stoffel, Markus
   Antonio Ballesteros-Canovas, Juan
TI Relationships between earthquakes, hurricanes, and landslides in Costa
   Rica
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Geomorphology; Tropical cyclones; Debris flows; Compound events;
   Miravalles Volcano; Central America
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERING RAINFALL; RECENT INCREASE; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   ATLANTIC; EVENT; DEPENDENCE; FRAMEWORK
AB Landslides are a common natural hazard in Costa Rica, recurrently triggered by seismicity and extraordinary rainfall. Here, we investigate the coalescence of both processes and their ability to trigger massive landslides and debris flows in Costa Rica. The study focuses on Miravalles Volcano, affected by an earthquake of 5.4 Mw on July 2, 2016, and by intense rainfalls related to Hurricane Otto only 4 months later, on November 24, 2016. During the passage of Hurricane Otto, similar to 300 mm of rain were recorded in the study region. We use logistic general linear regression models (GLM) to represent the statistical relationships between the factors controlling landslides (such as epicenter distance, rainfall during Hurricane Otto, altitude, and slope). The compound 2016 event triggered 942 landslides, of which 62% were located within 3-6 km from the Bijagua earthquake epicenter, and on the eastern, southeastern, and southern slopes of Miravalles Volcano, i.e., in the zone where the density of local faults is highest and rainfall reached maximal values during the hurricane. The statistical analysis supports the existence of coupled earthquake-hurricane dynamics with higher landslide densities close to the epicenter and at sites receiving larger rainfall totals, but also showing higher slopes and altitudes. Debris flows affected an area of similar to 27 km(2) and moved down the river systems, leaving eight casualties around the volcano and ca. 103 million US$ of losses in Upala and Bagaces. Results of this study can be useful for the assessment and understanding of geological and hydrometeorological hazards in Costa Rica and other tropical countries.
C1 [Quesada-Roman, Adolfo; Stoffel, Markus; Antonio Ballesteros-Canovas, Juan] Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Climat Change Impacts & Risks Anthropocene C CIA, Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Quesada-Roman, Adolfo] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Geog, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   [Fallas-Lopez, Bemy] Costa Rican Inst Elect, Hydrol Dept, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   [Hernandez-Espinoza, Karina] Costa Rican Natl Meteorol Inst, Climatol & Appl Res Dept, San Jose, Costa Rica.
   [Stoffel, Markus; Antonio Ballesteros-Canovas, Juan] Univ Geneva, Dept Earth Sci, Geneva, Switzerland.
C3 University of Geneva; Universidad Costa Rica; University of Geneva
RP Quesada-Román, A (corresponding author), Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci, Climat Change Impacts & Risks Anthropocene C CIA, Geneva, Switzerland.
EM adolfo.quesada@gmail.com
TC 58
Z9 67
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 8
BP 1539
EP 1550
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01209-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000489239900010
ER

PT J
AU Song, DQ
   Chen, JD
   Cai, JH
AF Song, Danqing
   Chen, Jundong
   Cai, Jianhua
TI Deformation monitoring of rock slope with weak bedding structural plane
   subject to tunnel excavation
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock slope; Weak bedding structural plane; Deformation characteristics;
   Failure mode; Tunnel excavation; Deformation monitoring
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION; JOINTED ROCK; 3
   GORGES; LANDSLIDE; CHINA; STABILITY; RAINFALL; MASS; MECHANISM
AB The deformation characteristics of rock slopes with weak structural plane are governed by the mechanical properties and geometrical distribution of the structural plane. In particular, the weak structural planes can be excavated and disturbed in the tunnel excavation process, which makes the deformation characteristics complex. Long-term monitoring using a multi-point displacement meter was used to analyse the deformation characteristics of a rock slope with weak bedding structural planes under tunnel excavation. The monitoring results show that the displacement increases with increasing excavation time and tends to eventually stabilize in the tunnel excavation process with three fast movements. The deformation is mainly within the depth of 0-10 m from the slope surface. The excavation blasting affects the slope deformation above structural plane I, and there is no obvious correlation between rainfall and the slope deformation. The excavation distance also affects the slope deformation: first, the slope deformation has a sudden increase when the excavation face arrives at a certain section; then, it further increases when the excavation face continues to increase; and finally, the deformation decreases and tends to gradually stabilize when the excavation face is far away from the section. Moreover, the weak structural plane has a great impact on the slope deformation, particularly at structural plane I. The failure mode of the slope under an external load is also discussed: the sliding body first slides along weak structural plane I and subsequently slides along structural plane II when the external load further increases.
C1 [Song, Danqing; Chen, Jundong] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jundong] China Acad Railway Sci Co Ltd, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Jianhua] China Railway Southwest Res Inst Co Ltd, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Chen, JD (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200040, Peoples R China.; Chen, JD (corresponding author), China Acad Railway Sci Co Ltd, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM 316831928@qq.com
TC 35
Z9 42
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 11
IS 11
AR 251
DI 10.1007/s12517-018-3602-7
SC Geology
UT WOS:000433245600007
ER

PT J
AU Feng, XX
   Jiang, QH
   Zhang, HC
   Zhang, XB
AF Feng, Xixia
   Jiang, Qinghui
   Zhang, Huichao
   Zhang, Xiaobo
TI Study on the dynamic response of dip bedded rock slope using
   discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and shaking table tests
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
   GEOMECHANICS
DT Article
DE DDA method; dip bedded rock slope; dynamic response; failure mechanism;
   shaking table tests
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; DISPLACEMENT;
   BLOCK; LANDSLIDES; STABILITY
AB Stability prediction for bedded rock slopes under seismic loading is very important for landslide hazard assessment. To clarify the dynamic behaviors and damage mechanism of dip bedded slope, shaking table tests and its prototype simulation analyses were performed. Shaking table tests were conducted to analysis the acceleration dynamic response firstly and then the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method was used to reproduce the test results, and study the influence of vertical earthquake on the dynamic response of dip bedded rock slope. Both the two methods results reveal that the amplification coefficients increase with increasing acceleration amplitude under sinusoidal waves shaking condition, and show an increased trend with the relation height. With Wenchaun waves loading, the discontinuous characteristics between the test model and numerical model are consistent, the dynamic responses of the slope tops are strong, and it is easy to be destroyed. Compare the failure mechanism of the slope between shaking table test and numerical method, the damage areas both the numerical model and test model are the nearly identical, and the failure modes of two models are mainly the cracking sliding failure. Moreover, with horizontal and vertical earthquake loading, the acceleration response on the numerical slope top is strong, and the maximum peak acceleration amplification factors are at the leading and rear edges of the slope top. In overall, the dynamic response of the slope surface is more significant than that inside the slope. However, with an increase of amplitude, acceleration responses are different with different directional loading, the acceleration response with horizontal loading is stronger than with vertical loading.
C1 [Feng, Xixia] Hubei Inst Water Resources Survey & Design, Engn Design Branch, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Xixia; Jiang, Qinghui; Zhang, Huichao; Zhang, Xiaobo] Wuhan Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University
RP Jiang, QH (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
EM jqh1972@whu.edu.cn
TC 21
Z9 23
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0363-9061
EI 1096-9853
PD FEB
PY 2021
VL 45
IS 3
BP 411
EP 427
DI 10.1002/nag.3162
EA NOV 2020
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
UT WOS:000589479000001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, N
   Chen, ZY
   Zhang, JX
   Lin, W
   Chen, WY
   Xu, WJ
AF Liu, Ning
   Chen, Zuyu
   Zhang, Jianxin
   Lin, Wei
   Chen, Wuyi
   xu, Wenjie
TI Draining the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Barrier lake; Dam break; Open-channel flow; Erosion
ID EROSION
AB This paper documents the emergency breaching of an approximately 110-m-high landslide dam that was created at Tangjiashan during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China's Southwest Sichuan Province. As an emergency measure, a 13-m-deep channel was excavated to reduce the volume and head of the released water during the dam breaching and to create a controlled flood that was intended to prevent catastrophic consequence for 1.2 million people downstream. From detailed monitoring and survey works carried out during and after the dam break it was found that (1) the breaching initiated at a pool water level of 742.1 m with an estimated flow velocity of 2.4 m/s, and virtually terminated at a pool water level of 720.3 m with an estimated velocity of 2.5 m/s, which can be regarded as the incipient velocity that initiated erosions for the soils at this particular site; (2) a controlled flood released 167 x 10(6)-m(3) reservoir water with a peak flow rate of 6,500 m(3)/s, during which a maximum velocity of about 5.0 m/s was measured; (3) in 12 h, the channel bed was eroded 30 m down and the sidewall was enlarged 145 m wide at an elevation of 719 m, which was expanded to 200-350 m at the top of the channel due to subsequent landslips of the temporary slopes; and (4) the measured data indicated an incipient velocity that initiated soil erosions, which is found to be conceptually in general agreement with the existing approaches of this threshold value.
C1 [Chen, Zuyu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Ning; Zhang, Jianxin] Minist Water Resources Peoples Republ China, Beijing 100053, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jianxin; xu, Wenjie] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Wei] Bur Hydrol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Wuyi] Chengdu Hydropower Invest Design & Res Inst, CHECC, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Tsinghua
   University
RP Chen, ZY (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, 20 Chegongzhuang W Rd, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM liuning@mwr.gov.cn; chenzuyu@iwhr.com; zhangjx@mwr.gov.cn;
   scsw.lw@163.com; wuyi.chen0501@163.com; xwjljh@126.com
TC 91
Z9 120
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9429
EI 1943-7900
PD NOV
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 11
BP 914
EP 923
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000241
SC Engineering; Water Resources
UT WOS:000283198300006
ER

PT J
AU Li, HL
   Sun, YJ
   Zhang, YQ
AF Li, Hailong
   Sun, Yujun
   Zhang, Yueqiao
TI Chain Actions Generated High-Elevation and High-Relief Topography of the
   Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: From Deep Earth Forces to
   Earthquake-Induced Dams
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Eastern tibet; continental transpressional zone; Earthquake-induced
   dammed lakes; step-pool system; high-elevation and high-relief
   topography
ID DAMMED LAKES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; XIANSHUIHE FAULT; LANDSLIDE DAMS;
   RIVER INCISION; LONGMEN SHAN; THRUST BELT; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; AREA
AB High-elevation and high-relief topography is the most prominent geomorphological features of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. This paper proposes that the interaction of the endogenic and exogenic forces jointly determines the formation of such high and steep landform. Eastward propagation of the Tibetan Plateau has been portioned by NW-striking, large-scaled sinistral strike-slip faults due to resistance of rigid Yangtze craton to the east of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The transpressional stress has emerged in eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and has resulted in several large-scale active faults. The transpressional behavior has changed the flowing direction of the rivers from NW-SE to nearly N-S. The transport capacity of these southward-flowing rivers decreases correspondingly. Since the late Cenozoic, intensive seismic events have occurred on the active faults of the eastern Tibetan Plateau which resulted in geohazards such as slope failures, landslides along these southward-flowing rivers. This resulted in the formation of a large number of dammed lakes in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. To a certain degree, these dammed lakes play an important role in lowering the upstream erosion rate and in accelerating downstream river incision which yields gravity unloading and uplift of the bedrock. The frequently and widely distributed damming events, therefore, forms an important supplementary factor with respect to the formation of high and steep landforms.
C1 [Li, Hailong; Sun, Yujun] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yueqiao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Nanjing
   University
RP Li, HL; Sun, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM 13811539443@126.com; sunyujunabc@163.com
TC 1
Z9 2
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD FEB 22
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 791264
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.791264
SC Geology
UT WOS:000769787500001
ER

PT J
AU Lu, JZ
   Chen, XL
   Cai, XB
   Feng, L
AF Lu, Jianzhong
   Chen, Xiaoling
   Cai, Xiaobin
   Feng, Lian
TI Geomatics-based water capacity monitoring for Quake Lake and its web
   service implementation
SO DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
DT Article
DE Dynamic water capacity; Water resource management; Web service; River
   segmentation; Quake Lake
AB A novel geomatics-based dynamic lake or reservoir water capacity computing method is proposed for mountainous area, where the water surface curves with the slope of the topography. This water capacity monitoring framework supported by web service technology was designed and implemented for a geospatial processing service. A pixel-based method to model a three-dimensional water surface was created to monitor total capacity including the dynamic capacity. First, the upstream areas are extracted from geometrically corrected SPOT-5 satellite image. The riverbed digital elevation model was intersected with the upstream area to obtain the boundary consisting of a set of points with altitude values for the water body. Considering rationality and efficiency, an improved, pixel-based river segmentation algorithm was then developed and implemented. Taking Tangjiashan Quake Lake dammed by landslide sandstone after the Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008 as an example, an evaluation indicates that the improved pixel-based river segmentation algorithm has the advantages of higher computational efficiency and accuracy, useful for daily monitoring of lake or reservoir water capacity in mountainous regions. Finally, water capacity monitoring models were decomposed to atomic services, to support data sharing and service model interoperability by web service. The reusable atomic services were freely customized and combined to execute water capacity calculations for different data-sets. The web service implementation experiment demonstrated powerful interoperability and remotely processing between multiusers in this geomatics-based water capacity monitoring system, which can be implemented on interplatform. It provides a general mechanism to allow client to perform distributed geospatial processing in GeoSpatial Web Service.
C1 [Lu, Jianzhong; Chen, Xiaoling; Feng, Lian] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiaoling] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Poyang Lake Wetland & Watershed Res, Nanchang 330022, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Xiaobin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, Wuhan 430077, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University; Jiangxi Normal University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science &
   Technology, CAS
RP Lu, JZ (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
EM lujzhong@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU DESALINATION PUBL
PI HOPKINTON
PA 36 WALCOTT VALLEY DRIVE,, HOPKINTON, MA 01748 USA
SN 1944-3994
EI 1944-3986
PD APR 16
PY 2014
VL 52
IS 13-15
BP 2700
EP 2708
DI 10.1080/19443994.2013.822638
SC Engineering; Water Resources
UT WOS:000333884400038
ER

PT J
AU Di, BF
   Zeng, HJ
   Zhang, MH
   Ustin, SL
   Tang, Y
   Wang, ZY
   Chen, NS
   Zhang, B
AF Di, Baofeng
   Zeng, Hongjuan
   Zhang, Minghua
   Ustin, Susan L.
   Tang, Ya
   Wang, Zhaoyin
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Zhang, Bin
TI Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes
   after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China A case study of the
   Longmenshan area
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Longmenshan scenic area (LMSS); Mass wasting of
   soil; Landslides; RS; GIS
ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; EROSION; LANDSLIDES; GIS; IMPACT
AB The beautiful Longmenshan area is one of the main tourist attractions in Sichuan Province, China. The epicenter of a catastrophic earthquake measured at 8.0 Ms (China Seismological Bureau), occurred within this area at Wenchuan (31 degrees 01'16"N, 103 degrees 22'01"E) at 14:28 May 12, 2008 (Beijing time). The earthquake triggered numerous types of landslide transport and hazards, including soil and debris avalanches, rockfalls, slumps, debris flows, creation of barrier lakes and slope fattenings. This paper examines the landslide hazards in the Longmenshan area caused by the earthquake using remotely sensed images, mainly Beijing-1 Microsatellite data before and after the earthquake, compared to digital elevation maps and slope gradient maps, land use and vegetation cover maps. Areas of erosion and loss of vegetation were compared from pre- and post-earthquake data, from which were calculated changes in vegetated areas, bare slopes, and mass movement during the earthquake. These events occurred over altitudes from 1000 to 4000 m and on slope angles between 25 and 55 degrees. The results show that the total area of erosion and land movement due to the earthquake increased by 86.3 km(2) (19.2% of the study area). Compared with pre-earthquake, the areas of very low intensity soil erosion and moderate intensity soil erosion were respectively reduced by 3.6 km(2), 24.3 km(2) and 30.9 km(2). On the other hand, the areas of severe and very severe intensity soil erosion were substantially increased by 45.8 km(2) and 99.2 km(2). In the post-earthquake stage, the bare areas (vegetation cover <15%) have increased by 65.8 km(2). Without vegetation, the denuded earthquake damaged slopes and other high risk sites have become severe erosion problems. Thus, it is essential to continue long-term monitoring of mass wasting in the denuded areas and evaluate potential risk sites for future landslides and debris flows. We anticipate that these results will be helpful in decision making and policy planning for recovery and reconstruction in the earthquake-affected area. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Di, Baofeng; Tang, Ya] Sichuan Univ, Dept Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Hongjuan] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng; Zhang, Minghua; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Wang, Zhaoyin] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ningsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Bin] China W Normal Univ, Land & Resources Coll, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Beijing Normal University; University of California
   System; University of California Davis; Tsinghua University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   China West Normal University
RP Di, BF (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Dept Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM diwubf@gmail.com
TC 39
Z9 53
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 4
BP 761
EP 771
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.011
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000274982700006
ER

PT J
AU Luo, YH
   Fan, XM
   Huang, R
   Wang, YS
   Yunus, AP
   Havenith, HB
AF Luo, Yonghong
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Huang, Runqiu
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Havenith, H. B.
TI Topographic and near-surface stratigraphic amplification of the seismic
   response of a mountain slope revealed by field monitoring and numerical
   simulations
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Seismic monitoring; Wenchuan aftershock; Seismic amplification; 2D and
   3D numerical simulations; Standard spectral ratio (SSR)
ID EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION; AMBIENT NOISE-ANALYSIS; ROCK SLOPE; SITE;
   HILL; CHARACTERIZE; LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN; WAVES; RIDGE
AB The evaluation of seismic site amplification and its relationship with geological structures play a vital role in earthquake engineering and hazard assessment. This study presents an analysis of topographic and geologic site amplification effects observed in the Qiaozhuang region, Sichuan Province, China. Seismic recordings at several monitoring stations installed on two slopes located at a distance of about 1 km in the study area after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake provide evidence of strong and variable amplifications. To assess the combined effect of topographic and geological controls in slope response to seismic motions, we built 2D and 3D dynamic numerical models using monitoring data as inputs. Four layers with different P-wave velocities, based on geophysical survey in the study area, are considered in the numerical models. Models that only consider topography give an amplification factor of < 3, which is much lower than the amplification factor of 5-6 from the monitoring data, while those models that considered both the topographic variation and four layers agree well with the monitoring data. The 3D modeling results show that the subsurface amplification factor is less than that on the slope surface even at the same elevation. This is also consistent with the monitoring data and further indicates that the combined topographic and geological amplification effect on the slope surface is more significant than the sole geological amplification effect inside the slope. Our numerical simulation results suggest that it is important to consider the combined topographic and geological amplification effects in the hazard assessment of seismically induced slope failures.
C1 [Luo, Yonghong; Fan, Xuanmei; Huang, Runqiu; Wang, Yunsheng; Yunus, Ali P.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Yonghong; Havenith, H. B.] Univ Liege, Dept Geol Geor & Environm, Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Liege
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 86
Z9 95
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 20
PY 2020
VL 271
AR 105607
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105607
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000532829600024
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Hu, Wei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Acoustic Emissions and Microseismicity in Granular Slopes Prior to
   Failure and Flow-Like Motion: The Potential for Early Warning
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSLIDE;
   SENSITIVITY; INSTABILITY; MOVEMENTS; DEPOSITS; BEHAVIOR; CRACKING
AB Rain-triggered landslides in loosely packed granular deposits are highly hazardous because of their sudden failure, flow-like motion, and high mobility. Predicting their initiation and establishing monitoring and early-warning strategies based on the actual mechanisms of failure, rather than on statistical-empirical relations, can be challenging. Experiments on artificial granular slopes revealed a systematic instability-triggering process entailing the internal erosion and seepage-driven transport of small grains. This rearrangement of matter generates acoustic signals and microseismicity detectable prior to any pore water pressures spikes or macroscopic deformations, which are common proxies for slope stability monitoring. Acoustic emissions are more pronounced in loose assemblies, while they are much weaker in densely packed mixtures, which will not exhibit fluid-like motion. Acoustic sensors and accelerometers in support to monitoring networks for flow-like landslides can improve our early warning capabilities, as long as their good performance is confirmed in real-scale applications.
   Plain Language Summary Some landslides initiated by rainfalls and evolving into very fast and destructive fluid-like movements are hardly predictable because they happen suddenly, with little warning. Traditional monitoring systems might fail to capture precursory signals, and thus, timely alarms cannot always be released. These systems mostly rely on known correlations between the amount and intensity of rainfall and the occurrence of landslides in the past or on the detection of water level and pressure changes by instruments installed within the slopes. However, these changes are often detected late, when the movement is already accelerating dramatically. In our experiments, we found that one of the processes that trigger flow-like landslides in granular soils is the internal erosion of small soil particles transported by water flowing within the slopes. This produces measurable vibrations (microseismicity) and sounds (acoustic emissions) well before water pressure changes and deformation trends can be identified. The performance of real-scale acoustic and seismic monitoring systems is still being verified, but we believe that complementing slopes monitoring with acoustic and seismic sensors can be the winning strategy to provide more timely alarms to evacuate people along the landslide paths and save more lives.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM g.scaringi@qq.com
TC 36
Z9 44
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD OCT 16
PY 2018
VL 45
IS 19
BP 10406
EP 10415
DI 10.1029/2018GL079724
SC Geology
UT WOS:000448656800044
ER

PT J
AU Bozzano, F
   Della Seta, M
   Martino, S
AF Bozzano, F.
   Della Seta, M.
   Martino, S.
TI Time-dependent evolution of rock slopes by a multi-modelling approach
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Mass rock creep; Transient landscapes; Landslide hazard; Numerical
   modelling
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONG GEOLOGICAL RECORD; CALABRIAN ARC;
   SOUTHERN CALABRIA; QUATERNARY UPLIFT; DEFORMATION; MOUNTAIN;
   PLEISTOCENE; SUBDUCTION; INSIGHTS
AB This paper presents a multi-modelling approach that incorporates contributions from morpho-evolutionary modelling, detailed engineering-geological modelling and time-dependent stress-strain numerical modelling to analyse the rheological evolution of a river valley slope over approximately 10(2) kyr. The slope is located in a transient, tectonically active landscape in southwestern Tyrrhenian Calabria (Italy), where gravitational processes drive failures in rock slopes. Constraints on the valley profile development were provided by a morpho-evolutionary model based on the correlation of marine and river strath terraces. Rock mass classes were identified through geomechanical parameters that were derived from engineering-geological surveys and outputs of a multi-sensor slope monitoring system. The rock mass classes were associated to lithotechnical units to obtain a high-resolution engineering-geological model along a cross section of the valley. Time-dependent stress-strain numerical modelling reproduced the main morpho-evolutionary stages of the valley slopes. The findings demonstrate that a complex combination of eustatism, uplift and Mass Rock Creep (MRC) deformations can lead to first-time failures of rock slopes when unstable conditions are encountered up to the generation of stress-controlled shear zones. The multi-modelling approach enabled us to determine that such complex combinations may have been sufficient for the first-time failure of the S. Giovanni slope at approximately 140 ka (MIS 7), even without invoking any trigger. Conversely, further reactivations of the landslide must be related to triggers such as earthquakes, rainfall and anthropogenic activities. This failure involved a portion of the slope where a plasticity zone resulted from mass rock creep that evolved with a maximum strain rate of 40% per thousand years, after the formation of a river strath terrace. This study demonstrates that the multi-modelling approach presented herein is a useful tool for estimating the progressive development of slope failures because it can highlight time-dependent continuous deformations as the major processes that drive rocky slopes to failure. This type of approach can be devoted to the best selection of risk mitigation strategies with respect to both human life and anthropic infrastructure. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bozzano, F.; Della Seta, M.; Martino, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, Ple A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
C3 Sapienza University Rome
RP Della Seta, M (corresponding author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Earth Sci, Ple A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
EM marta.dellaseta@uniroma1.it
TC 20
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 15
PY 2016
VL 263
BP 113
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.031
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000376712900008
ER

PT J
AU Ming-Min, W
   Gui-Lin, W
   Shu-Guang, W
AF Ming-min, Wang
   Gui-lin, Wang
   Shu-guang, Wu
TI Stability analysis of soil behind a vertical free-face between
   supporting piles
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Supporting pile; Soil between piles; Stability analysis; Upper bound
   method; Slip surface
ID SLOPE STABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; BEHAVIOR; CHINA
AB Estimating soil stability between supporting piles is of practical significance in geotechnical engineering. However, few methods exist that can solve this problem with proper usability. The primary purpose of this paper is to present a new analytical approach that can be used to calculate the factor of safety of soil with a vertical free-face between two adjacent supporting piles. This analytical approach combines the upper bound method with the strength reduction technique. After an appropriately simplified model of a three-dimensional slip surface is developed, the input energy and the energy dissipation of the instability mechanism can be calculated algebraically. Then, the factor of safety of the soil between the supporting piles can be obtained using the work-energy balance equation. A single-variable method is used to analyze the influence of geometry and soil properties on the factors of safety. The magnitude of the factor of safety is generally found to decrease nonlinearly with increasing height of the vertical free-face of the soil, decrease nonlinearly with increasing clear spacing between the two adjacent piles, increase with increasing internal friction angle and increase linearly with increasing soil cohesion. Numerical analyses are performed with the explicit finite difference code FLAC(3D), confirming these results. The relationships between the factor of safety and the input parameters obtained from the theoretical procedure are found to be generally similar to that obtained from the FLAC(3D) numerical analyses. The factors of safety calculated by FLAC(3D) show acceptable differences from the theoretical results in most calculation domains. In addition, an estimation approach of the seismic stability of soil between the supporting piles is proposed by combining the upper bound method with the pseudo-static method. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ming-min, Wang; Gui-lin, Wang; Shu-guang, Wu] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Gui-lin, Wang; Shu-guang, Wu] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Gui-Lin, W (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM cquwmm@cqu.edu.cn; glwcqu@qq.com
TC 3
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 10
PY 2015
VL 195
BP 155
EP 163
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.06.013
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360417900015
ER

PT J
AU Dong, JY
   Wang, C
   Huang, ZQ
   Yang, JH
   Xue, L
AF Dong, Jinyu
   Wang, Chuang
   Huang, Zhiquan
   Yang, Jihong
   Xue, Lei
TI Shaking Table Model Test to Determine Dynamic Response Characteristics
   and Failure Modes of Steep Bedding Rock Slope
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Steep bedding rock slope; Large-scale shaking table test; Dynamic
   response characteristics; Acoustic emission technology; Failure mode
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; LANDSLIDE; STABILITY;
   MOTION; DAM
AB A model of a steep bedding rock slope with a slope angle of 50 degrees and rock dip angle of 55 degrees was designed and fabricated, and a large-scale shaking table test was carried out to investigate the acceleration, displacement, acoustic emission, and failure mode under earthquake action. In the vertical direction of the slope, the acceleration amplification factor significantly increased as the elevation increased. In the horizontal slope direction, the acceleration amplification factor decreased with the distance from the slope surface. Under the action of different input wave types, the acceleration response of the slope was markedly difference. The acceleration amplification factor exhibited the change law of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the input wave frequency, and became maximum when the frequency was 25 Hz. With the increase in the input wave amplitude, the acceleration amplification factor of the slope exhibited the trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The slope displacement and the acoustic emission parameters increased nonlinearly with the increase in the input wave amplitude, and the process can be divided into two stages: the slow increase period and the sharp increase period. Under seismic wave action, the deformation and failure evolution process of the slope included four stages: (1) the rock layer at the top of slope undergoes tension fracture; (2) the tensile cracks extend downward along the layer to form a locked segment at the toe of the slope; (3) the locked segment shear fractures through the sliding surface; (4) the slope suddenly becomes unstable and slides. The failure mode of the slope model was tension-shear sliding failure.
C1 [Dong, Jinyu; Wang, Chuang; Yang, Jihong] North China Univ Water Resources & Elect Power, Res Inst Geotech Engn & Hydraul Struct, Zhengzhou 450046, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Zhiquan] Luoyang Inst Sci & Technol, Luoyang 471023, Peoples R China.
   [Xue, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xue, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Innovat Acad Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 North China University of Water Resources & Electric Power; Luoyang
   Institute of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Wang, C (corresponding author), North China Univ Water Resources & Elect Power, Res Inst Geotech Engn & Hydraul Struct, Zhengzhou 450046, Peoples R China.
EM wangchuang@ncwu.edu.cn
TC 41
Z9 47
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 55
IS 6
BP 3645
EP 3658
DI 10.1007/s00603-022-02822-x
EA MAR 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000770743900002
ER

PT J
AU Li, TB
   Wang, JF
   He, CY
   Meng, LB
   Li, CF
   Ma, JJ
   Wei, DQ
AF Li, Tianbin
   Wang, Jianfeng
   He, Chaoyang
   Meng, Lubo
   Li, Chaofei
   Ma, Junjie
   Wei, Daqiang
TI Distribution law and susceptibility of geohazards across a gradient belt
   of the Western Sichuan Plateau
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Gradient belt; Geohazards; Distribution law; Bouguer Gravity anomaly
   gradient; Vertical deformation gradient; Susceptibility
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE HAZARD; DECISION
   TREE; GIS; MECHANISM; HIGHWAY; FAILURE; MODELS; CHINA
AB Across a gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau, geohazards have seriously limited economic and social development. According to incomplete statistics, 15,673 geohazards have been recorded in the study area. In order to mitigate the threat of geohazards to human engineering activities in the region, an overall understanding of the distribution pattern of geohazards and susceptibility assessment are necessary. In this paper, a gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau and its zoning criteria were defined. Subsequently, on the basis of relief amplitude, distance to faults, rainfall, and human activities, three indicators of endogenic process were introduced: Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient, vertical deformation gradient, and horizontal deformation gradient. Thereafter, the distribution patterns of geohazards were investigated through mathematical statistics and ArcGIS software. By randomly selecting 10,449 hazards, a geohazard susceptibility map was generated using the Information Value (IV) model. Finally, the IV model was validated against 5224 hazards using the Area Under Curve (AUC) method. The results show that 47.6% of the geohazards were distributed in the zone of steep slope. Geohazards showed strong responses to distance to faults, human activities, and annual rainfall. The distribution of geohazards in the gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau is more sensitive to vertical internal dynamics factors (such as vertical deformation gradient and Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient) without any apparent sensitivity to horizontal internal dynamics factors. The areas of high and very-high risk account for up to 32.22%, mainly distributed in the Longmenshan and Anning River faults. According to the AUC plot, the success rate of the IV model for generating the susceptibility map is 76%. This susceptibility map and geohazard distribution pattern can provide a reference for geological disaster monitoring, preparation of post-disaster emergency measures, and town planning.
C1 [Li, Tianbin; Wang, Jianfeng; He, Chaoyang; Meng, Lubo; Li, Chaofei; Ma, Junjie; Wei, Daqiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianbin; Wang, Jianfeng; He, Chaoyang; Meng, Lubo; Li, Chaofei; Ma, Junjie; Wei, Daqiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, JF (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Wang, JF (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 13683480551@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 6
BP 1849
EP 1867
DI 10.1007/s11629-023-8290-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001249123300022
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Q
   Xu, Q
   Zhang, YJ
   Yang, YH
   Yong, Q
   Liu, GX
   Liu, XW
AF Chen, Qiang
   Xu, Qian
   Zhang, Yijun
   Yang, Yinghui
   Yong, Qi
   Liu, Guoxiang
   Liu, Xianwen
TI Sequential combination of multi-source satellite observations for
   separation of surface deformation associated with serial seismic events
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
DT Article
DE Sequential combination; Deformation discrimination; Satellite
   observations; Earthquake source model; Tohoku-Oki earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION;
   SLIP DISTRIBUTION; GPS OBSERVABLES; JOINT INVERSION; INSAR; LANDSLIDE;
   JAPAN; FIELD
AB Single satellite geodetic technique has weakness for mapping sequence of ground deformation associated with serial seismic events, like InSAR with long revisiting period readily leading to mixed complex deformation signals from multiple events. It challenges the observation capability of single satellite geodetic technique for accurate recognition of individual surface deformation and earthquake model. The rapidly increasing availability of various satellite observations provides good solution for overcoming the issue. In this study, we explore a sequential combination of multiple overlapping datasets from ALOS/PALSAR, ENVISAT/ASAR and GPS observations to separate surface deformation associated with the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki major quake and two strong aftershocks including the Mw 6.6 Iwaki and Mw 5.8 Ibaraki events. We first estimate the fault slip model of major shock with ASAR interferometry and GPS displacements as constraints. Due to the used PALSAR interferogram spanning the period of all the events, we then remove the surface deformation of major shock through forward calculated prediction thus obtaining PALSAR InSAR deformation associated with the two strong aftershocks. The inversion for source parameters of Iwaki aftershock is conducted using the refined PALSAR deformation considering that the higher magnitude Iwaki quake has dominant deformation contribution than the Ibaraki event. After removal of deformation component of Iwaki event, we determine the fault slip distribution of Ibaraki shock using the remained PALSAR InSAR deformation. Finally, the complete source models for the serial seismic events are clearly identified from the sequential combination of multi-source satellite observations, which suggest that the major quake is a predominant mega-thrust rupture, whereas the two aftershocks are normal faulting motion. The estimated seismic moment magnitude for the Tohoku-Oki, Iwaki and Ibaraki evens are Mw 9.0, Mw 6.85 and Mw 6.11, respectively.
C1 [Chen, Qiang; Xu, Qian; Zhang, Yijun; Yong, Qi; Liu, Guoxiang; Liu, Xianwen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yinghui] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Petroleum University
RP Chen, Q (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yang, YH (corresponding author), Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM qchen@swjtu.edu.cn; xzhfhyyy@126.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0303-2434
PD MAR
PY 2018
VL 65
BP 57
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.jag.2017.10.005
SC Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000418312200006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Xu, Q
   Peng, DL
   Zhu, ZX
   Li, WH
   Wong, HF
   Shen, P
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Xu, Qiang
   Peng, Dalei
   Zhu, Zhanxiong
   Li, Wenhui
   Wong, Hofai
   Shen, Ping
TI Stability analysis of rock wedge slide subjected to groundwater dynamic
   evolution
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Rock wedge slope; Slope stability; Rainfall; Groundwater evolution;
   Model test
ID SYSTEM RELIABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PLANE FAILURE; SLOPE; LANDSLIDE
AB Heavy rainfall may increase the infiltration rate, raising the groundwater table after a short period time. Variation in the hydrostatic pressure on potential sliding surfaces and trailing edges of fissures in a rock slope may contribute to slope failure. The failure mechanisms of rainfall-triggered rock wedge slides have been widely studied in the literature. However, studies on the dynamic evolution of groundwater in rock failure are still limited. In this study, a typical rock wedge slide that occurred in Chengkou County, Chongqing, China is selected as a case study to analyze the stability of rock wedge with double planes and tension crack subjected to groundwater dynamic evolution. Model tests were designed and performed to reproduce the dynamic evolution of groundwater in the rock slope and analyze its role in wedge failure. Development and distribution characteristics of water pressure are investigated through monitoring the water pressure distributed along the surfaces of wedge failures. From the experimental study, it is found that the initial formation process of water pressure along the sliding surface consists of four types of distribution patterns, i.e., triangular distribution, Type I trapezoidal distribution, Type II trapezoidal distribution, and Type III trapezoidal distribution. Based on the model tests and theoretical analysis, the order of the calculated safety factors of the Chengkou rock wedge slide are: triangle > type I trapezoid > type II trapezoid > type III trapezoid. The existence of inflection points in the trapezoidal distribution mode significantly increases water pressure on both sides of rock wedge, which contributes instability. The new approach for investigation of the effect of dynamic evolution groundwater on stability of rock wedge slide is developed based on fundamental mechanism and experimental study. It can be adopted for stability assessment of similar rock wedge slides in other areas.
C1 [Zhang, Shuai] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Zheda Rd 38, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang; Peng, Dalei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Dalei; Wong, Hofai] Technol & Higher Educ Inst Hong Kong, Fac Sci & Technol, Tsing Yi, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Zhanxiong] Sichuan Geol Survey, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wenhui] Qingdao Geol Engn Invest Inst, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Ping] Univ Macau, State Key Lab Internet Things Smart City, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Ping] Univ Macau, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Chengdu University of Technology; University of
   Macau; University of Macau
RP Xu, Q; Peng, DL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; pdchbsz@vtc.edu.hk;
   zzx@cdut.edu.cn; lwh@cdut.edu.cn; ceshfw@vtc.edu.hk; pingshen@um.edu.mo
TC 22
Z9 24
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 5
PY 2020
VL 270
AR 105528
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105528
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000530092700021
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JD
   Hull, V
   Xu, WH
   Liu, JG
   Ouyang, ZY
   Huang, JY
   Wang, XZ
   Li, RG
AF Zhang, Jindong
   Hull, Vanessa
   Xu, Weihua
   Liu, Jianguo
   Ouyang, Zhiyun
   Huang, Jinyan
   Wang, Xuezhi
   Li, Rengui
TI Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity and giant panda
   habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve, China
SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Biodiversity; Earthquake; Giant panda; Natural disasters; Wildlife
   habitat
ID POPULATION; DIVERSITY; LANDSLIDE; BENEFITS; ECOLOGY
AB Natural disasters such as earthquakes have profound effects on the earth's biodiversity. However, studies on immediate earthquake impacts are rarely conducted at fine scales due to logistical constraints. We conducted the first post-earthquake field survey in Wolong Nature Reserve, Wenchuan, China, less than 1 year after it was hit by a magnitude 8.0 earthquake in 2008. Since Wolong harbors approximately 10% of the endangered wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) population, the impact of the earthquake on the giant panda and its habitat is of particular concern. We established 15 transects in three focus areas within the Reserve where we classified occurrences of earthquake damage according to vegetation and geophysical characteristics. In the 11.2 km(2) area sampled, we recorded 156 occurrences of earthquake damage consisting of landslides and mudflows, which comprised a total area of 0.88 km(2). Of all earthquake damage occurrences sampled, only 36% of occurences (73% of surface area) corresponded to damaged areas previously detected through broad-scale remote sensing. The remaining damaged areas mainly consisted of occurrences too small to be detected without field observation. Although there were significant losses to tree and shrub species diversity and richness in earthquake-damaged areas, remnant vegetation was found in the majority (80%) of damaged areas, suggesting the potential for forest recovery. Most earthquake-damaged areas were too steep to be classified as suitable giant panda habitat (79%). In addition, a sizable number of signs of giant panda (67) and other wildlife (148) were observed near the earthquake-damaged areas, and there appeared to be avoidance of earthquake damage only at short-range distances. This study has implications for understanding the impact of natural disasters on biodiversity and highlights the importance of fine scale on-the-ground assessments of disaster impacts on wildlife and their habitats.
C1 [Zhang, Jindong; Xu, Weihua; Ouyang, Zhiyun] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Eco Environm Sci, State Key Lab Reg & Urban Ecol, Dept Syst Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Jinyan] Mianyang Normal Univ, Mianyang 621000, Peoples R China.
   [Hull, Vanessa; Liu, Jianguo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
   [Huang, Jinyan; Li, Rengui] CCRCGP, Sichuan 623006, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xuezhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Eco-Environmental
   Sciences (RCEES), CAS; Mianyang Teachers' College; Michigan State
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Computer Network Information
   Center, CAS
RP Ouyang, ZY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Eco Environm Sci, State Key Lab Reg & Urban Ecol, Dept Syst Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM zhangjd224@163.com; hullvane@csis.msu.edu; zyouyang@mail.rcees.ac.cn
TC 49
Z9 69
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0912-3814
EI 1440-1703
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 523
EP 531
DI 10.1007/s11284-011-0809-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000290538900006
ER

PT J
AU Delchiaro, M
   Della Seta, M
   Martino, S
   Moumeni, M
   Nozaem, R
   Marmoni, GM
   Esposito, C
AF Delchiaro, Michele
   Della Seta, Marta
   Martino, Salvatore
   Moumeni, Mohammad
   Nozaem, Reza
   Marmoni, Gian Marco
   Esposito, Carlo
TI The role of long-term preparatory factors in mass rock creep deforming
   slopes: insights from the Zagros Mts. belt (Iran)
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation; Mass Rock Creep; Landscape
   evolution; Siah Kuh fold; Mountain Frontal Fault; OSL dating
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FOLD-THRUST BELT; GRAVITATIONAL DEFORMATION;
   PERMANENT SCATTERERS; TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SHORT COMMUNICATION; RIVER
   INCISION; SOUTHERN ALPS; NW ZAGROS; LANDSLIDE
AB The long-term evolution of slopes affected by Mass Rock Creep deformations is controlled by both time-invariant predisposing factors, such as the geo-structural inheritance, and time-dependent preparatory conditions, including regional uplift and landscape evolution rates. However, the relationship among Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations, drainage network evolution, and tectonics remains poorly defined. Here, we focused on an undocumented Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation affecting an area of about 8 km2 in the SE tip termination of the Siah Kuh anticline in the Lorestan arc (Zagros Mts., Iran), upstream to the Mountain Front Fault. To assess the evolution processes which involved the slope up to the present, we integrated quantitative geomorphic analysis, optically stimulated luminescence dating of geomorphic markers, and SAR interferometry techniques. In detail, we semi-automatically extracted the river terrace treads to which we associated an elevation above the thalweg based on the Relative Elevation Model allowing the order definition. The plano-altimetric distribution of the treads and the OSL ages of two levels of strath terraces sampled in the field have been correlated along the river longitudinal profile, allowing the estimation of an uplift rate of 2.8 +/- 0.2 mm year-1 and 0.42 +/- 0.03 mm year-1, respectively upstream and downstream of the Mountain Front Fault. SAR interferometry was used to spot present-day shallow ground displacements associated with the ongoing slope deformation, by processing 279 satellite Sentinel-1 (A and B) radar images of the ascending and descending orbit spanning from 06 October 2014 to 31 March 2019. Different landslide mechanisms were distinguished across the fold axis, rototranslative to lateral spreading interpreted as two different evolutionary stages of the same process transposed spatially through the fold axis. Indeed, the rototranslative mechanism represents an advanced stage of the strain evolution while the lateral spreading is an earlier one. Finally, we infer that the variability in the spatial distribution of the slope deformation styles and patterns in the Lorestan arc is strictly related to the coupled evolution of the drainage system and tectonics. Involved volumes (from 0.6 up to 44 km3), local relief (from 400 up to 2000 m), incision rates (from 0.8 to 2.8 +/- 0.2 mm year-1), and persistence time (from 104 to 105 years) represent the most important preparatory conditions and are predisposed by a moderately dipping downslope (from 8 to 25 degrees) sedimentary sequence characterised by units with significantly different rheological behaviour.
C1 [Delchiaro, Michele; Della Seta, Marta; Martino, Salvatore; Moumeni, Mohammad; Marmoni, Gian Marco; Esposito, Carlo] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy.
   [Nozaem, Reza] Univ Tehran, Coll Sci, Sch Geol, Tehran, Iran.
C3 Sapienza University Rome; University of Tehran
RP Delchiaro, M (corresponding author), Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Earth Sci, Rome, Italy.
EM michele.delchiaro@uniroma1.it
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 8
BP 1735
EP 1755
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02252-6
EA APR 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001204096200001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, HX
   Che, AL
   Shuai, XH
   Zhang, Y
AF Zhou, Hanxu
   Che, Ailan
   Shuai, Xianghua
   Zhang, Yi
TI A spatial evaluation method for earthquake disaster using optimized BP
   neural network model
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Earthquake-affected population; spatial evaluation; correlation
   characteristic; BP neural network; sample optimization; generalization
   capability
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AREA; CHINA; RISK; PCA
AB Rapid spatial evaluation of seismic disaster after earthquake occurrence is required in disaster emergency rescue management, because of its importance in decreasing casualties and property losses. Among many categories of seismic disaster, evaluation of earthquake-affected population is of great significance to clarify the severity of earthquake disaster. For simple classic regression model, it is difficult to describe the strong nonlinear relationship between multiple influencing factors and earthquake disasters. In present study, an optimized BP neural network model considering spatial characteristic of influencing factors is proposed to evaluate the population distribution affected by earthquake. The correlation between earthquake-affected population and influencing factors is analysed using data of 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake. Ten influencing factors including elevation, slope angle, population density, per capita GDP, distance to fault, distance to river, NDVI, PGA, PGV, and distance to the epicentre, were classified into environmental and seismic factors. Correlation analysis revealed that per capita GDP and PGA factor had a stronger correlation with the earthquake-affected population. The earthquake-affected population was evaluated using a BP neural network by optimizing training samples considering spatial characteristics of per capita GDP and PGA factors. Different numbers of sample points, instead of a random distribution of sample points, were generated in areas with different value intervals of the influencing factors. The optimized samples improved the convergence speed and generalization capability of neuron network compared to random samples. The trained network was applied to the 2017 Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake to verify its prediction accuracy. The MAE of the estimated earthquake-affected populations of different counties under Jiuzhaigou earthquake were 1.276 people/km(2) using network model from optimized samples, smaller than the results of network model from random samples and linear regression model. The results indicate that BP neural network, which considers correlation characteristics of factors, has capability to evaluate spatial earthquake disaster.
C1 [Zhou, Hanxu; Che, Ailan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Engn Mech, Key Lab Earthquake Engn & Engn Vibrat, Harbin, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Hanxu; Che, Ailan] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Shuai, Xianghua] Shenzhen Acad Disaster Prevent & Reduct, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yi] Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Engineering Mechanics,
   CEA; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shenzhen Academy of Disaster
   Prevention & Reduction; China Earthquake Administration; Sichuan
   Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Che, AL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Engn Mech, Key Lab Earthquake Engn & Engn Vibrat, Harbin, Peoples R China.; Che, AL (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
EM alche@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 1
BP 1
EP 26
DI 10.1080/19475705.2022.2160664
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000906193500001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, YW
   Aitchison, JC
   Zong, YQ
   Li, SH
AF Chen, Yiwei
   Aitchison, Jonathan C.
   Zong, Yongqiang
   Li, Sheng-Hua
TI OSL dating of past lake levels for a large dammed lake in southern Tibet
   and determination of possible controls on lake evolution
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE fluvio-lacustrine sediment; dammed lake; OSL dating; geo-hazard; Tibet
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; TSANGPO RIVER; LANDSLIDE
   DAM; SINGLE; QUARTZ; LUMINESCENCE; PLATEAU; GORGE; ALPS
AB Fluvio-lacustrine terraces along Phung Chu (river) on the central southern Tibetan Plateau indicate that a large palaeo-dammed-lake formerly existed in this area. Based on landscape survey, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and sedimentary analyses, this research shows that the Phung Chu was blocked and a dammed-lake over 2500 km(2) in size formed before 30 ka ago. OSL dating analysis suggests the fluvio-lacustrine sediments were well bleached and yield accurate age estimates for two lake drainage events. The first drainage event took place after 30 ka, resulted in river incision and formed a high terrace at 50 m height from the present river level. The second drainage happened after 3.7 ka, resulted in further river incision and formed the second terrace at 25 m height from the present river level. According to the distribution of the fluvio-lacustrine sediments, active normal faults (particularly the Kharta Fault) in this region and the high gradient slopes after Phung Chu enters the Yo Ri gorge, seismically-induced landsliding is regarded as highly likely to have been the cause of river blockage and associated formation of a dammed-lake, although glacial damming is also a possible cause. The volume of drainages from this dammed-lake may have led to catastrophic flooding and analogous modern lakes represent significant geo-hazard risks to down-river human settlements. As dammed-lakes are special phases in fluvial evolution, often involving river blockage, breakthrough and drastic catchment change, these processes can reveal how tectonic or climatic events modify landforms. However, such tectonic-derived landform changes can also impact palaeo-climate of the region. Thus this study has added new evidence regarding the evolutionary history of a dammed lake including its formation, duration, extent and final drainage, which is crucial for understanding its general landscape process mechanisms and for better assessing geo-hazard risks. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Chen, Yiwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Isotope Geochem, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yiwei; Zong, Yongqiang; Li, Sheng-Hua] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Aitchison, Jonathan C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS;
   University of Hong Kong; University of Queensland
RP Zong, YQ (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM yqzong@hku.hk
TC 21
Z9 25
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 41
IS 11
BP 1467
EP 1476
DI 10.1002/esp.3907
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000383615900001
ER

PT J
AU Luo, J
   Evans, SG
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
   Liu, M
   Dong, XJ
AF Luo, Jing
   Evans, Stephen G.
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
   Liu, Ming
   Dong, Xiujun
TI Anomalous co-seismic surface effects produced by the 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian
   earthquake, Yunnan, China: An example of complex faulting related to
   Riedel shear structures
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2014 Ludian earthquake; Co-seismic surface ruptures; Riedel shear;
   Strike-slip duplex structure; Co-seismic landslides; Fault-related
   landslide
ID STRIKE-SLIP DUPLEX; ALTYN TAGH FAULT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; RUPTURE
   CHARACTERISTICS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED
   LANDSLIDES; DEFORMATION; SYSTEM; STRESS
AB Riedel shear structures are often developed within strike-slip fault zones. This study focuses on the Riedel shear structures within the co-seismic surface rupture zone and the co-seismic landslides produced by the 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian earthquake. All the geologic, seismic, and geodesic data indicate a WNW-ESE principal compressive stress acting on the Baogunao-Xiaohe fault zone (BXFZ). Based on the idealized Riedel shear model, together with evidences form the particular distribution of aftershocks and co-seismic surface effects, the 2014 Ludian earthquake could be with a complex faulting process related to the Riedel shear structures under this present tectonic stress, i.e., NNW-striking sinistral strike-slip fault plane (Y shear) which trends approximately N40 degrees W, and ENE-striking dextral strike-slip fault plane (R' shear) which is nearly perpendicular to former. Field surveys and structural analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture zone are performed based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), borehole drilling, and adit excavation, to the north of Wangjiapo Village, southeast of the epicenter. The results indicate that these co-seismic surface ruptures were produced following a pre-existing sinistral transtensional duplex structure in plan view, which mainly comprises i) typical Riedel shear structures characterized by en echelon cracks running northwest and ii) tensile cracks subparallel to the slope contours running northeast. And the inward-dipping geometry of faults under the sinistral transtentional duplexes converges downwards into a single shear zone, which is defined as a negative (normal faulted) flower structure in vertical crosssection. In addition, on the basis of the analyses of three large-scale landslides, this study demonstrates that the slopes in a state of marginal static stability just situated inside the region of main energy release, which was predominantly controlled by the Y shear fault, are the reasons why this moderate earthquake induced anomalous co-seismic landslides.
C1 [Luo, Jing; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu; Liu, Ming; Dong, Xiujun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Evans, Stephen G.] Univ Waterloo, Nat Disaster Syst Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Waterloo
RP Pei, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM peixiangjun2012@cdut.cn
TC 18
Z9 22
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 5
PY 2020
VL 266
AR 105476
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105476
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000520942400017
ER

PT J
AU Morales, B
   Lizama, E
   Somos-Valenzuela, M
   Rivera, D
   Chen, NS
AF Morales, Bastian
   Lizama, Elizabet
   Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo
   Rivera, Diego
   Chen, Ningshen
TI Earthquake-induced landslides coupled to fluvial incision in Andean
   Patagonia: Inferring their effects on landscape at geological time
   scales
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Patagonian Andes; Landscape evolution; Fluvial incision
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; OFQUI FAULT ZONE; RIVER INCISION; AYSEN FJORD;
   SEDIMENT; EVOLUTION; BEDROCK; EROSION; MODEL; TRANSPORT
AB Earthquakes can deeply shape the mountainous landscape through co-seismic landslides, generating large amounts of sediment that are then transported and distributed by rivers, controlling the landscape evolution. This influence is observed in the Liquin similar to e-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS), an active intra-arc fault system extending hundreds of kilometers through the Andes in Chilean Patagonia. For example, on April 21, 2007, a 6.2 Mw earthquake in the Ayse ' n Fjord triggered over 500 landslides with volumes reaching 12-20 Mm3. Although there is a well-defined recurrence time, no study has focused on the effects of co-seismic landslides and sedimentary dynamics on the evolution of this mountainous landscape. In this research, we seek to improve the long-term understanding of the interaction between landslides and fluvial incisions in this segment of the Andes. For this reason, we implemented the HyLands landscape evolution model to simulate landslide activity coupled to fluvial incision. We consider the landslides that occurred during the 2007 earthquake as a precedent and simulate nine scenarios of ten seismic cycles over 21,000 years based on the 2100-year recurrence time documented in this region for the Holocene. We further used multiple uplift rates, sediment erodibility, drainage area, and channel slope exponent ratios (m/n) associated with the stream power law to assess the parameterization's impact on the landscape. According to our results, earthquake-induced landslides are a fundamental mechanism in the landscape's evolution in this region. Deposits from landslides can create transitory landscape forms that can intervene in fluvial dynamics. A significant part of the landslide sediment can remain on the slopes for thousands of years. We identified that parameterization considerably impacts the evolutionary response of the landscape in the evaluated time scale. Low m/n ratios can generate a different evolutionary response than other scenarios because the slopes are constantly driven towards their threshold angle, intensifying the interaction between landslides and fluvial incisions. Based on our analysis and considering the seismic history of the Ayse ' n Fjord, we can explain a critical primary control of the LOFS on landscape erosion and sediment production. Implementing a hybrid landscape evolution model can help to infer the contribution of sediments associated with large earthquakes and improve the understanding of the role of landslides in the evolutionary history of Andean Patagonia. However, we stress that it is essential to advance in capturing erodibility and incision parameters of the stream power law in the Andes and local geomechanical information. Finally, we believe the landscape evolution models can help to deepen the knowledge of these processes in other Andean basins exposed to these
C1 [Morales, Bastian; Lizama, Elizabet; Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo] Univ La Frontera, Butamallin Res Ctr Global Change, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
   [Morales, Bastian; Lizama, Elizabet] Univ Concepcion, Fac Agr Engn, Av Vicente Mendez 595, Chillan, Chile.
   [Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo] Univ La Frontera, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
   [Rivera, Diego] Univ Desarrollo, Fac Ingn, Ave Plaza 600, Santiago, Chile.
   [Chen, Ningshen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Universidad de La Frontera; Universidad de Concepcion; Universidad de La
   Frontera; Universidad del Desarrollo; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Somos-Valenzuela, M (corresponding author), Univ La Frontera, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
EM marcelo.somos@ufrontera.cl
TC 3
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 1
PY 2023
VL 434
AR 108731
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108731
EA MAY 2023
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001007488000001
ER

PT J
AU Allen, RB
   MacKenzie, DI
   Bellingham, PJ
   Wiser, SK
   Arnst, EA
   Coomes, DA
   Hurst, JM
AF Allen, Robert B.
   MacKenzie, Darryl I.
   Bellingham, Peter J.
   Wiser, Susan K.
   Arnst, Elise A.
   Coomes, David A.
   Hurst, Jennifer M.
TI Tree survival and growth responses in the aftermath of a strong
   earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
DT Article
DE Distance decay; disturbance; Fuscospora; landscape heterogeneity;
   landslides; mortality; New Zealand; Nothofagus
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; FOREST DYNAMICS; MOUNTAIN BEECH;
   ARTHURS PASS; RAIN-FOREST; MORTALITY; LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION;
   DISTURBANCE
AB The infrequent and unpredictable nature of earthquakes means that their landslide-generated impacts on forests are rarely investigated. In montane forests, landslides are the main cause of tree death and injury during earthquakes. Landslides range from soil movements that uproot and bury trees over extensive areas to rock falls that strike individual trees. We examined unexplored relationships between tree survival and distance from an epicentre, soil-available phosphorus (P) as an indicator of soil development and tree diameter. We expected decreased tree growth in damaged forests because of tree injury. We used a plot network, established in 1974 and resurveyed regularly ever since, to quantify survival and growth responses 6-30 km from the epicentre of a 1994 earthquake in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Our Bayesian analysis used 8,518 trees from 250 plots that representatively sampled a naturally monospecific Nothofagus forest. As the time-scales over which responses could emerge were unknown, we compared relationships for a pre-earthquake period with 0-5 years post-earthquake, and with 5+ years post-earthquake. Not all plots were affected by the earthquake. We found that 0-5 years post-earthquake survival increased logarithmically with distance from the epicentre with lowered survival up to 20 km from the epicentre. Survival was low on plots with high soil-available P. An inverted U-shaped relationship between survival and diameter pre-earthquake was not found 0-5 years post-earthquake. This was because of surprisingly high survival by large trees. The earthquake most often suppressed 0-5 years post-earthquake growth up to 15 km from the epicentre, but this was only apparent after accounting for more general growth differences among periods. The positive relationship between growth and soil-available P pre-earthquake and 5+ years post-earthquake reflected enhanced growth on young soils. This contrasted with a negative effect of soil-available P on growth 0-5 years post-earthquake. Synthesis. Soil-available P, tree diameter and distance from the epicentre independently determined how tree survival and growth responded to an earthquake. The impacts on survival and growth largely occurred 0-5 years post-earthquake and suggests a level of resilience in mountain beech forests.
C1 [MacKenzie, Darryl I.] Proteus, Outram, New Zealand.
   [Bellingham, Peter J.; Wiser, Susan K.; Arnst, Elise A.] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand.
   [Coomes, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England.
C3 Landcare Research - New Zealand; University of Cambridge
RP MacKenzie, DI (corresponding author), Proteus, Outram, New Zealand.
EM roballen1706@gmail.com
TC 13
Z9 13
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-0477
EI 1365-2745
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 108
IS 1
BP 107
EP 121
DI 10.1111/1365-2745.13238
EA JUL 2019
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000478480200001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JG
   Mason, PJ
   Yu, E
   Wu, MC
   Tang, C
   Huang, RQ
   Liu, HH
AF Liu, Jian Guo
   Mason, Philippa J.
   Yu, Eric
   Wu, Meng-Che
   Tang, Chuan
   Huang, Runqiu
   Liu, Hanhu
TI GIS modelling of earthquake damage zones using satellite remote sensing
   and DEM data
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake damage zone; Geohazards; GIS modelling; Satellite remote
   sensing; DEM
ID LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 3 GORGES AREA;
   ASTER IMAGERY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHINA
AB The devastating earthquake that occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on the 12th May 2008, caused widespread damage and devastation to rural communities and economy. The terrain of the entire region has been weakened and is now highly susceptible to long-term slope instability that will trouble this region for many years to come. Before the earthquake, the maximum seismic intensity expected in the region was VI-VIII in the 12-degree Liedu scale (the intensity measure adopted in China). However, the actual intensity caused by the earthquake ranged between VIII and XI. The seismic intensity map is practical for regional guidance but lacks the detail to provide an adequate representation of the true damage level, in terms of current status and future potential in such a seismically active and populated region, especially when the hazards and risks are likely to be multiple and cascading in high relief areas. This paper presents a GIS based novel approach to earthquake damage zone modelling using satellite remote sensing and DEM data. The novelty is to take into account the co-seismic ground deformation (measured using differential SAR interferometry) as an important modulating factor in modelling the susceptibility of earthquake related geohazards, together with conventional multi-criteria factors which draw on geological and topographical variables such as rock competence, slope, proximity to drainage, and fracture density. The modulating effect of the earthquake greatly enhances the susceptibility in the areas where the majority of the ensuing landslides and debris-flows actually took place. When this susceptibility model is further modulated by the mapped surface disruption caused by the earthquake (which encompasses all forms of mass movement and urban destruction), it is directly linked to seismic intensity and we call it "earthquake damage". The output earthquake damage map represents both the current damage status as well as the future damage (hazard) potential. The resulting earthquake damage map for the Beichuan region clearly defines a series of zones of increasing seismic intensity, approximately corresponding to Liedu values VIII-XI but with great details. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Jian Guo; Mason, Philippa J.; Yu, Eric; Wu, Meng-Che] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
   [Tang, Chuan; Huang, Runqiu; Liu, Hanhu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Imperial College London; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Liu, JG (corresponding author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
EM j.g.liu@imperial.ac.uk
TC 27
Z9 32
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 139
BP 518
EP 535
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.002
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000301158100043
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Z
   Rickenmann, D
   Zhang, Y
   He, SM
AF Chen, Zheng
   Rickenmann, Dieter
   Zhang, Yi
   He, Siming
TI Effects of obstacle's curvature on shock dynamics of gravity-driven
   granular flows impacting a circular cylinder
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Granular flow; Obstacle curvature; Shock wave; Impact pressure; Seismic
   signal
ID LABORATORY FLUME EXPERIMENTS; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; JIANGJIA RAVINE; HYDRAULIC JUMPS; PRESSURE;
   AVALANCHES; LANDSLIDE; FORCE
AB Granular flows, such as rock avalanches and debris flows, are gravity-driven and often hit engineering structures that are placed in their paths, generating dynamic impact pressures and potentially causing hazard to infrastructures. To improve the design of protective structures and the hazard assessment, it is important to understand the physical mechanism of such granular flows impacting on obstacles with variable sizes and shapes. In this study, the dynamics of granular shock waves generated by experimental flows impacting on a circular cylinder varying in diameter and on a closed barrier were investigated by conducting systematic laboratory experiments. Pressure sensors were mounted at the bottom of the experimental chute and the upstream cylinder surface to measure the dynamic impact pressures in the granular shock area. Accelerometers that were installed at the underside of the chute bed were used to record the seismic signals of granular flows during the entire impacting process. The velocity and depth of a granular flow impacting (or just before impacting) on a cylinder were estimated using an image processing method. The results showed that the dimensionless standoff distance DDstandoff of the granular shock wave decreases nonlinearly with increasing Froude number ranging from 5.8 to 12.3. The values of DDstandoff tend to change less for the larger investigated Froude numbers, approaching a limit of about 0.19. The dimensionless runup and the pinch-off distance correlated linearly with increasing Froude number and can be affected by the radius of curvature (R-C) of the obstacle at the stagnation point. The impact pressures grow linearly as Froude number increases, and the R-C with a smaller value usually excites a larger impact pressure. Additionally, the effect of R-C on the dimensionless pressures was observed to be weakened by an increase in Froude number. The mean frequency of the seismic signals produced by the impacts of a granular flow also indicates a dependency on R-C. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the dynamic signal response generated by a granular flow, which may result in improving the design of the protective structures.
C1 [Chen, Zheng; Zhang, Yi; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zheng; Rickenmann, Dieter] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
   [Chen, Zheng; Zhang, Yi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss
   Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 22
Z9 24
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 293
AR 106343
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106343
EA SEP 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000696814500055
ER

PT J
AU Si, GW
   Chen, XQ
   Chen, JG
   Zhao, WY
   Li, S
   Li, XN
AF Si, Guang-wu
   Chen, Xiao-qing
   Chen, Jian-gang
   Zhao, Wan-yu
   Li, Shuai
   Li, Xiang-ning
TI Failure criteria of unreinforced masonry walls of rural buildings under
   the impact of flash floods in mountainous regions
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Flash flood; Rural buildings; Unreinforced masonry wall; Failure
   criteria; Flood-resistance
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOW; PERFORMANCE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; DAMAGE
AB Damage to rural buildings in mountainous regions caused by flash floods accounts for a significant proportion of economic losses from disasters. The unreinforced masonry (URM) wall is the most vulnerable structural element of rural buildings exposed to flash floods. The failure of a URM wall indicates damage to rural buildings in flash floods. Based on the yield line theory of out-of-plane damage of URM walls and the virtual work method, brittle failure criteria for URM walls under the impact of flash floods were established. According to the field investigation data of the 26 June 2020 flash flood event in Damawu Gully and the corresponding simulation results of FLO-2D, the disaster-causing process was analysed, and the failure criteria were validated. Three building parameters were identified to influence the flood-resistance of URM walls, including the mortar grade, the span-to-height ratio of the wall, and the number of floors of the rural building. The results showed that the cause of the 26 June disaster was the diversion of a 50-year flash flood into the residential community on the alluvial fan. The affected buildings were constructed with hollow blocks and lacked flood-resistance reinforcement. The critical failure depth of a URM wall restrained at the top by ring beams (RBs) under hydrostatic load conditions is 1.17 to 1.20 times greater than that of a URM wall without RBs, and the difference is even more pronounced when lower-strength mortar is used. The flood-resistance of a URM wall constructed with Mb 7.5 mortar and restrained by RBs is almost as strong as that of a URM wall constructed with Mb 20 mortar and without RBs. The span-to-height ratio of a URM wall should not be greater than 1.875 in this case. However, the flood-resistance of a URM wall with RB restraint is almost independent of the span-to-height ratio. The brittle fracture energy of masonry mortar is more crucial to the flood-resistance of 4-edge restrained URM walls if L/Z > 1.875. The flood-resistance of the URM wall of the first storey increases linearly with the number of floors. Single-storey rural buildings should be given priority to the use of high-grade masonry mortar and high-density blocks to improve flood-resistance. The failure criteria and the influence laws of building parameters on the flood-resistance of URM walls can provide references for flash flood mitigation and flood-resistance reinforcement of rural buildings in mountainous regions of Southwest China.
C1 [Si, Guang-wu; Chen, Xiao-qing; Chen, Jian-gang; Zhao, Wan-yu; Li, Shuai; Li, Xiang-ning] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiao-qing; Chen, Jian-gang] CAS, HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Si, Guang-wu; Chen, Xiao-qing; Zhao, Wan-yu; Li, Shuai; Li, Xiang-ning] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, JG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Chen, JG (corresponding author), CAS, HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
EM siguangwu@imde.ac.cn; xqchen@imde.ac.cn; chenjg@imde.ac.cn;
   wyzhao@imde.ac.cn; lishuai@imde.ac.cn; lixiangning@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 9
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 12
BP 3388
EP 3406
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7491-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000898090200004
ER

PT J
AU Delaney, KB
   Evans, SG
AF Delaney, Keith B.
   Evans, Stephen G.
TI The evolution (2010-2015) and engineering mitigation of a
   rockslide-dammed lake (Hunza River, Pakistan); characterisation by
   analytical remote sensing
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Rockslide-dammed lake; SRTM; Hunza River; Attabad rockslide; Lake Gojal
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SRTM DEM; KARAKORAM HIMALAYA; NORTHERN
   PAKISTAN; LANDSLIDE DAM; OUTBURST FLOODS; IMAGES; LEVEL; AREAS; WATER
AB The remnants of rockslide dams are widespread in the deeply incised river valleys of the northwest Himalayas and adjacent Pamir Mountains of Central Asia. In January 2010 a major rockslide (estimated volume similar to 55 Mm(3)) dammed the Hunza River (NW Pakistan) and a rockslide-dammed lake (Lake Gojal) immediately began to form. The lake overtopped the rockslide dam 145 days later through a spillway excavated in the surface of the debris by Pakistan authorities. Lake Gojal successively reduced in volume in response to spillway widening and deepening in engineering works up to May 2013; on August 28, 2015 (Day 2063 of impoundment) a remnant lake still remains. Using SRTM 3-arc-second digital terrain data and ten high-resolution satellite images from the period March 2010-August 2015, we document the river-damming environment of the Attabad rockslide, track and quantify the development of rockslide-dammed Lake Gojal and calculate lake areas and volumes at various stages of filling, stable overtopping, and partial draining to a final stable configuration. We introduce a method of delimiting lake shorelines by a pixel method which produces a mean elevation surface in the SRTM DEM; this technique results in accurate estimates of shoreline elevation and corresponding lake areas and volumes. We estimate the maximum volume reached by Lake Gojal, 51 days after overtopping, to have been approximately 455 Mm(3). Using this data we also evaluate the mitigation works carried out by Pakistan authorities and find that i) they achieved an initial reduction of about 26% in the maximum possible volume of Like Gojal that would have been reached without engineering intervention, and ii) as of August 28, 2015, in drawing down the lake by similar to 40 m, they had achieved a 72% reduction in the maximum volume reached by Lake Gojal after overtopping without a catastrophic release taking place. The emplacement of rockslide dams and the behaviour of their impounded lakes are critical hazards to communities and the development of infrastructure, including hydroelectric facilities, in this region of Central Asia We show that a combination of high-resolution optical satellite imagery and SRTM 3-arc-second digital topography is very effective in producing key first-order data on rockslide-dammed lakes for geomorphic and hydrological analysis as well as the evaluation of engineering mitigation. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Delaney, Keith B.; Evans, Stephen G.] Univ Waterloo, Nat Disaster Syst Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
C3 University of Waterloo
RP Evans, SG (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Nat Disaster Syst Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
EM sgevans@uwaterloo.ca
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 30
PY 2017
VL 220
BP 65
EP 75
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.003
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000398872200006
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZP
   Li, SQ
   Tian, X
   Hu, YX
   Li, WK
AF Yang Zhong-ping
   Li Shi-qi
   Tian Xin
   Hu Yuan-xin
   Li Wan-kun
TI Cumulative damage effect on debris slopes under frequent microseisms
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Cumulative damage; Debris slopes; Frequent microseisms; Cumulative
   damage; Shaking table tests; Discrete element numerical simulation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SEISMIC RESPONSE; ROCK
   SLOPE; MODEL TEST; STABILITY; LANDSLIDE; SOIL; RESERVOIR; FAILURE
AB Debris slopes are widely distributed across the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China, and seasonal fluctuations of the water level in the area tend to cause high-frequency microseisms that subsequently induce landslides on such debris slopes. In this study, a cumulative damage model of debris slope with varying slope characteristics under the effects of frequent microseisms was established, based on the accurate definition of slope damage variables. The cumulative damage behaviour and the mechanisms of slope instability and sliding under frequent microseisms were thus systematically investigated through a series of shaking table tests and discrete element numerical simulations, and the influences of related parameters such as bedrock, dry density and stone content were discussed. The results showed that the instability mode of a debris slope can be divided into a vibration-compaction stage, a crack generation stage, a crack development stage, and an instability stage. Under the action of frequent microseisms, debris slope undergoes the last three stages cyclically, which causes the accumulation to slide out in layers under the synergistic action of tension and shear, causing the slope to become destabilised. There are two sliding surfaces as well as the parallel tensile surfaces in the final instability of the debris slope. In the process of instability, the development trend of the damage accumulation curve remains similar for debris slopes with different parameters. However, the initial vibration compaction effect in the bedrock-free model is stronger than that in the bedrock model, with the overall cumulative damage degree in the former being lower than that of the latter. The damage degree of the debris slope with high dry density also develops more slowly than that of the debris slope with low dry density. The damage development rate of the debris slope does not always decrease with the increase of stone content. The damage degree growth rate of the debris slope with the optimal stone content is the lowest, and the increase or decrease of the stone content makes the debris slope instability happen earlier. The numerical simulation study also further reveals that the damage in the debris slope mainly develops in the form of crack formation and penetration, in which, shear failure occurs more frequently in the debris slope.
C1 [Yang Zhong-ping; Li Shi-qi; Tian Xin] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Zhong-ping; Li Shi-qi] Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Zhong-ping; Li Shi-qi] Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Prevent & Control Environ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Tian Xin] Southwest Inst Chem Co Ltd, Chengdu 610200, Peoples R China.
   [Hu Yuan-xin] Extens Project Headquarters Chongqing Jiangbei In, Chongqing 401120, Peoples R China.
   [Li Wan-kun] Chongqing Luneng Dev Grp Co Ltd, Chongqing 401120, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Yang, ZP (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZP (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZP (corresponding author), Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Prevent & Control Environ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM yang-zhp@163.com; lianggongzheng@163.com; 1056746300@qq.com;
   13018381007@163.com; 438911193@qq.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 3
BP 781
EP 797
DI 10.1007/s11629-020-6419-2
EA FEB 2022
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000754133200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, EC
   Meng, QR
AF Wang ErChie
   Meng QingRen
TI Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Longmenshan fault belt
SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longmenshan; landslide; flooding; Chengdu Plain
ID RESOLUTION MAGNETO STRATIGRAPHY; NE TIBETAN PLATEAU; GARZE FOLD BELT;
   EASTERN MARGIN; QINGHAI PROVINCE; SOUTH CHINA; SLIP RATES; RED RIVER;
   DEFORMATION; SHAN
AB The giant earthquake (M (s)=8.0) in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008 was triggered by oblique convergence between the Tibetan Plateau and the South China along the Longmenshan fault belt. The Longmenshan fault belt marks an important component of the tectonic and geomorphological boundary between the eastern and western part of China and has a protracted tectonic history. It was first formed as an intracontinental transfer fault, patitioning the differential deformation between the Pacific and Tethys tectonic domains, initiated in late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic time, then served as the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau to accommodate the growth of the plateau in Cenozoic. Its current geological and geomorphological frameworks are the result of superimposition of these two tectonic events. In Late Triassic, the Longmenshan underwent left-slip oblique NW-SE shortening due to the clockwise rotation of the Yangtze Block, which led to the flexural subsidence of the Sichuan foreland basin, but after that, the subsidence of the Sichuan Basin seems no longer controlled by the tectonic activity of the Longmenshan fault belt. The Meosozoic tectonic evolution of the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt differs significantly compared with that of the Yangtze Platform, featured by intensive northeast and southwest shortening and resulted in the close of the Paleo-Tethys. Aerial photos taken immediately after main shock of the giant May 12, 2008 earthquake have documented extensive rock fall and landslides that represent one of the most destructive aspects of the earthquake. Both rock avalanches and landslides delivered a huge volume of debris into the middle part of the Minjiang River, and formed many dammed lakes. Breaching of these natural dams can be catastrophic, as occurred in the Diexi area along the upstream of the Minjiang River in the year of 1933 that led to devastating floodings. The resultant flood following the breaching of these dams flowed through and out of the Longmenshan belt into the Chengdu Plain, bringing a huge volume of sediments. The oldest alluvial deposits within the Chengdu Plain are estimated to be Late Miocene (8-13 Ma). We suggest that the flooding that transported the course-grained sediments into the Chengdu Plain occurred in late Cenozoic, resulted from both the climate and the historical earthquakes similar to the May 12 earthquake. Estimated age of the sediments related to earthquakes and coeval shortening across the Chengdu Plain indicate that the eastern margin of the plateau became seismically and tectonically active in Late Miocene.
C1 [Wang ErChie; Meng QingRen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Wang, EC (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM erchie-wang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 88
Z9 103
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-9313
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 52
IS 5
BP 579
EP 592
DI 10.1007/s11430-009-0053-8
SC Geology
UT WOS:000265924500001
ER

EF